Operations Management Lecture 6
Operations Management Lecture 6
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Waste
Waste is anything that does not add value.
Equipment
Time wasted due to unsynchronized production
Excessive inventories
Unnecessary material handling due to poorly designed layouts
Scrap & rework due to poor quality
Time, energy, space or human activity
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Waste Elimination
Waste has a large negative impact on the functioning of a business, resulting in:-
high cost.
lost customers.
To eliminate these problems, many companies have turned to Just in Time (JIT).
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Just in Time
elimination of waste.
anything.
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The Philosophy of JIT
1. Eliminate Waste
Material, energy, time, and space.
3. Simplicity
JIT is built on simplicity, the simpler the better. JIT
encourages employees to think about problems and come
up with simple solutions.
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The Philosophy of JIT
4. Continuous Improvement
o A major aspect of the JIT philosophy is an
emphasis on quality.
o Continuous improvement in every aspect of
the operation is a cornerstone of JIT
philosophy.
o Continuous improvement applies to
everything from reducing costs to improving
quality to eliminating waste.
o Continuous improvement (kaizen):- A
philosophy of never-ending improvement.
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The Philosophy of JIT
5. Visibility
o Part of the JIT philosophy is to make all waste visible.
o Waste can be eliminated only when it is seen and identified.
o Waste also can be eliminated with simple solutions if it can be seen.
o When waste is hidden we forget about it, which creates problems.
tulip.co/blog/manufacturing/just-in-time-vs-just-in-case/
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The Philosophy of JIT
6. Flexibility
o JIT was based on the need for survival, and survival means being flexible in
order to adapt to changes in the environment.
o A company can be flexible in many ways.
Volume of products
a wide variety of products.
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Elements of JIT
JIT system:- The three elements are just in- time manufacturing, total quality
management, and respect for people.
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Just in Time Manufacturing
of value-added manufacturing.
added manufacturing.
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Elements of JIT Manufacturing
o Inventory reduction exposes problems
o Flexible resources
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Inventory Reduction
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Kanban and Pull Production
o Kanban card
needs to be produced.
o Production card
o Withdrawal card
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Kanban and Pull Production
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Kanban and Pull Production
The formula to compute the number of kanbans needed to control the production of a
particular product is as follows:
where
N - total number of kanbans or containers (one card per container)
D - demand rate at a using workstation
T - the time it takes to receive an order from the previous workstation (also called
the lead time)
C - size of container
S - safety stock to protect against variability or uncertainty in the system (usually
given as a percentage of demand during lead time)
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Kanban and Pull Production
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Small Lot Sizes and Quick Setups
Small lots mean less average inventory and shorten
manufacturing lead time
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Uniform Plant Loading
A constant production plan for a facility with a given planning horizon.
A “level” schedule is developed so that the same mix of products is
made every day in small quantities
Leveling the schedule can have big impact along whole supply chain
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Flexible Resources
Multifunctional workers:
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Effective Facility Layouts
Often use:
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Effective Facility Layouts
Product focused
cells, flexible
equipment, high
visibility, easy to
schedule, short
cycles.
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JIT and TQM
The costs of poor quality can be quite high when one includes product
redesign, rework, scrap, servicing returned products, or even losing
customers. All this represents waste.
Quality at the source means that the root cause of quality problems needs
to be identified. This could be a problem with the design, suppliers, the
process, or any other area.
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Respect for People
Genuine and meaningful respect for associates
Everyone is empowered
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Role of Management
including non-monetary
Facilitate teamwork
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Supplier Relationships
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Advantages of JIT
Smaller inventories
Improved quality
Increased productivity
Greater flexibility
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THANK YOU
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