Number Properties

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Number
Properties I

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Verbal: (July 11)
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3 PARTS TO THIS WEBINAR

The Company
Sentence
Correction

The People

20 minutes
12 minutes 100 minutes
Number Properties I
QUANT LIVE SESSION

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What does Success depend on?
1. Diligence 2. Core Skills 3. Clarity of Thought

Focus of
the Course

“In three words - CLARITY forms CONFIDENCE”

Pre- Approach Question - 1
What is the biggest problem that you face today in Quant?

A. I do not understand the concepts well enough.

B. I cannot interpret complex looking expressions.

C. I cannot infer information completely.

D. My accuracy drops because of shortage of time.

E. I cannot do complex calculations.

Pre- Approach Questions - 2

Which is a bigger problem for you?

A. PS
B. DS
C. Both at similar level
Pre- Approach Questions
What is your accuracy in even-odd questions?
• >80%
• 50-80%
• <50%
What is your accuracy in primes questions?
• >80%
• 50-80%
• <50%

What is your accuracy in LCM-GCD questions?

• >80%
• 50-80%
• <50%
Focus of this session
What is the optimum approach for Quant questions?
What should you focus on as you prepare for Quant?

What will we not cover in this session?

 Teach concepts
 For learning concepts you have the e-GMAT Quant courses
 Teach tricks/shortcuts
 Since these do not work
 GMAT is a test of how well you solve problems by
 Understanding the given information
 Drawing inferences
 Strategizing the method to solve
Concept Recap
Even Odd Numbers - Properties
Properties
Every EVEN number can be represented as 2n, where n is an integer

Every ODD number can be represented as 2n+1, where n is an integer

Basic Properties: Derived Properties:

Even +/- Even = Even (Even)n +/- (Even)n = Even +/- Even = Even
Even +/- Odd = Odd (Odd)n +/- (Odd)n = Odd +/- Odd = Even
Odd +/- Odd = Even (Even)n +/- (Odd)n = Even +/- Odd = Odd
(Even)2 = (2n)2 = 4n2 Divisible by 4
Even * Even = Even
Even * Odd = Even
Odd * Odd = Odd
Prime Numbers – Concepts Recap
• A prime number is a positive integer that has exactly TWO different positive factors, 1 and itself.
• 1 is neither Prime nor Composite (because has only 1 positive factor: 1 )
• 0 is neither Prime nor Composite (because 0 is not positive )

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 . . . Consecutive Prime Numbers

VERSUS

The only Even Prime Number The only consecutive numbers that are prime

Every positive integer K can be expressed as

where P1, P2, P3 …… are prime factors and
K = P 1 m × P2 n × P3 r . . . m, n , r are non-negative integers
e.g.
4 = 22 8 = 23 12 = 22 × 3 1000 = 23 × 53 Prime Factorization
6 = 2× 3 10 = 2 × 5 18= 2 × 32 2400 = 25 ×3× 52

• > 2 Positive Factors => Composite Numbers Examples: 4, 6, 8, 9…

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Prime Numbers - Concepts Recap
Every positive integer K can be expressed as
K = P 1 m × P2 n × P3 r . . . where P1, P2, P3 …… are prime factors and m, n , r
are non-negative integers

Ka = P1am × P2an × P3ar . . .

Ka has the same prime factors as K

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Prime Numbers - Concepts Recap
Every positive integer K can be expressed as
K = P 1 m × P2 n × P3 r . . . where P1, P2, P3 …… are prime factors and m, n , r
are non-negative integers

Total number of factors = (m+1) (n +1)(r+1) . . .

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Prime Numbers - Concepts Recap
Every positive integer K can be expressed as
K = P 1 m × P2 n × P3 r . . . where P1, P2, P3 …… are prime factors and m, n , r
are non-negative integers

Total number of factors = (m+1) (n +1)(r+1) . . .

e.g.
Reverse Logic
If K = P12 × P22 If Total number of factors of K = 9
Total number of factors of K = (2+1)(2+1)
= (3)(3) (3)(3) (9)(1)
=9 = (2+1)(2+1) = (8+1)(0+1)
=> K = P12 × P22 => K = P18 × P20
=> K = P18
2 Prime Factors
Only 1 Prime Factor

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600 Level Questions
BREAKING DOWN THE PROCESS
Q1
How many prime factors does positive integer n have, if n2 has 4 different prime
factors?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
n = P1m × P2n × P3r . . . where P1, P2, P3 …… are prime factors and m, n , r
are non-negative integers
(D) 4
(E) Cannot Determine na = P1am × P2an × P3ar . . .

na will have the same prime factors as n

Q2
If Q is a perfect square of an odd positive integer and if 8Q8 has four prime factors,
then how many prime factors does √Q have?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. cannot be determined
Q2 - Solution
If Q is a perfect square of an odd positive integer and if 8Q8 has four prime factors,

then how many prime factors does √Q have?

What do we need to find? Prime factors of √Q

=
Prime factors of Q
if
√Q is an integer

Understand what we need to find.

Q2 - Solution
If Q is a perfect square of an odd positive integer and if 8Q8 has four prime factors,

then how many prime factors does √Q have? 23Q8 has 4 prime factors

Ka will have the same prime factors as K

Q=NxN N is odd
2Q has 4 prime factors
√Q = N
Thus, an integer
Q is odd
A. 1
2 is not a factor of Q
B. 2
{2, Prime Factors of Q} = 4
C. 3
√Q has 3 prime factors
D. 4
E. cannot be determined Q has 3 prime factors

Simplify Information & Draw Inferences

Q3
If positive integer X has 3 prime factors and 8 total factors, then how many total factors
will Xn have where n is a positive integer?
A. 3
B. 8
C. n3
D. (n + 1)3
E. cannot be determined
Q4
If K is a factor of positive integer X that has 8 total factors, then how many prime factors
does K2 Xn have? Note that n is also a positive integer.

A. 2
B. 3
C. n3
D. (n + 1)3
E. cannot be determined
Q3 - Solution
If positive integer X has 3 prime factors and 8 total factors, then how many total factors will Xn have where n
is a positive integer?
X = P1a × P2b× P3c

(a+1)(b+1)(c+1) = 8
Total number of factors = (m+1) (n +1)(r+1) . . .
(a+1)(b+1)(c+1) = (2)(2)(2)
a=b=c=1

X = P11 × P21× P31

Xn = P1n × P2n× P3n

A. 3
B. 8
C. n3 Total number of factors of Xn = (n+1) (n +1)(n+1)
D. (n + 1)3 = (n+1)3
E. cannot be determined

Simplify Information – 1 bit at a time

Q4 - Solution
If K is a factor of positive integer X that has 8 total factors, then how many Prime factors does K2 Xn have?

8=2x2x2 8=8x1 8=4x2

X = P1 × P2 × P3 or X = P17 or X = P13 × P2

K2 Xn will have the same prime factors as X

3 Prime Factors or Only 1 Prime Factor or 2 Prime Factors

Answer – cannot be determined

Simplify Information – 1 bit at a time

Q5 – Question Statement
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a + b - 4 even?

We need more information to answer this question.

What do you need to know to answer the question?

Is a + b - 4 even? a b a+b
3 2 5 6 2 8 Even Even Even
odd + even = odd even
even + even = even
Even Odd Odd
Odd Even Odd
Is a + b even Odd Odd Even

Yes if No if
Both a , b = odd
or one of a, b is odd
Both a , b = even
Understand what you need to solve the question.
Q5 – Question & Statement 1
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a + b - 4 even?
Yes if No if This statement gives
definite answer “no”
Both a , b = odd
or one of a, b is odd
Both a , b = even

Statement 1: a & b are consecutive integers

If a is odd, b is even
If a is even, b is odd
Q5 – Question & Statement 2
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a + b - 4 even?
Yes if No if This statement gives
definite answer “no”
Both a , b = odd
or one of a, b is odd
Both a , b = even
Statement 2: a – b is odd

a b a+b
Even Even Even
Even Odd Odd 4 - 1 = 3 = (odd)
Odd Even Odd 7 - 2 = 5 = (odd)
Odd Odd Even Correct answer = Choice D = Both Statements are Sufficient
Q5 - Recap
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a + b - 4 even?
1
Understand what you need
to solve the question.

Statement 1: a & b are consecutive integers

If a is odd, b is even 2 Relate the information back

3
If a is even, b is odd Understand what
each statement tells to your question analysis

Statement 2: a – b is odd

one of a, b is odd
Q6
If a and b are positive integers, then is a3 + b4 – 4b even?

1) 4b2 + 3b is even
2) a2 – 6 is odd

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q6 – Question Statement
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a3 + b4 – 4b even?

We need more information to answer this question.

What do we need to know to answer the question?

Is a3 + b4 – 4b even?
If a is odd, a3 is also odd
even
If a is even, a3 is also even

Is a + b even
Yes if No if
Both a , b = odd
or one of a, b is odd
Both a , b = even
Understand what you need to solve the question.
Q6 – Question & Statement 1
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a3 + b4 – 4b even?
Yes if No if

Both a , b = odd
or one of a, b is odd
Both a , b = even This statement does not
answer the question.
Statement 1: a2 – 6 is odd
Don’t know anything about b
a is odd
Q6 – Question & Statement 2
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a3 + b4 – 4b even?
Yes if No if

Both a , b = odd
or one of a, b is odd
Both a , b = even This statement does not
answer the question.
Statement 2: 4b2 + 3b is even
Don’t know anything about a
even
b is even
Q6 – Question, Statement 1 & 2
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a3 + b4 – 4b even?
Yes if No if

Both a , b = odd
or one of a, b is odd
Both a , b = even Both statements give
definite answer “no”.
Statement 1: a2 – 6 is odd

a is odd
Statement 2: 4b2 + 3b is even
even
b is even
Correct answer = Choice C = Both Statements together are Sufficient
Q6 - Recap
Q. If a and b are positive integers, then is a3 + b4 – 4b even?
1
Understand what you need
to solve the question.

Statement 1: a2 – 6 is odd

a is odd
Understand what
2
each statement tells

Statement 2: 4b2 + 3b is even Relate the information back

3
to your question analysis
even
b is even

Simplify Information & Draw Inferences

700 Level Questions
Q7
Is an – bn + cn + dn odd, if a, b, c, d, and n are distinct positive integers >1?

1. a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive natural numbers

2. a4 when divided by 200 has the quotient 1

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q8
Is an – bn + cn + dn odd, if a, b, c, d, and n are distinct positive integers >1?

1. a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive prime numbers

2. a4 when divided by 200 has the quotient 1

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q7 – Question Statement Analysis
Question Statement - Is an – bn + cn + dn odd, if a, b, c, d, and n are distinct positive integers >1?

Given –
Power doesn’t change the Even-Odd nature of a number
1. a, b, c, d, n > 1
e.g. an has the same even-odd nature as a
2. a, b, c, d, n are distinct
integers

Is a – b + c + d odd? • e±e±e±e=e
• o±o±o±o=e
• e±e±o±o=e
• e±o±o±o=o
Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?
• e±e±e±o=o

Understand what you need to find out.

Q7 – Analyze Statement 1
Is an – bn + cn + dn odd?
a, b, c, d, n > 1
Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?
Statement 1 – a, b, c, and d squares of consecutive natural numbers
Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 . . .

natural numbers 1 Odd, 1 Even, 1 Odd, 1 Even

Power doesn’t change the Even-Odd nature of a number

{a, b, c, d} squares of natural numbers 1 Odd, 1 Even, 1 Odd, 1 Even

NO

Statement 1 is sufficient
Q7 – Statement 1
a, b, c, d, n > 1 Is an – bn + cn + dn odd? Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?

Statement 2 – a4 when divided by 200 has the quotient 1

Dividend Divisor Quotient

a4 = 200 × 1 + r
• We should find as much as we can about ‘a’
a≠1
• What do we know about ‘r’
• r +ve
• r < 200 What about the Even - Odd
• Thus, a4 cannot be more than 400. nature of b, c and d?
• a4 ≥ 200
200 ≤ a4 < 400
a=2 a4 = 16
a=3 a4 = 81
a=4 Statement 2 is NOT SUFFICIENT
a=4 a4 = 256 Even
a=5 a4 = 625 Correct answer = Choice A

Extract as much information as you can - SIMPLIFY

Q8 Solution
Is an – bn + cn + dn odd, if a, b, c, d, and n are distinct positive integers >1?

1. a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive prime numbers

2. a4 when divided by 200 has the quotient 1

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q8 – Question Statement
Question Statement - Is an – bn + cn + dn odd, if a, b, c, d, and n are distinct positive integers >1?

Given –
Power doesn’t change the Even-Odd nature of a number
1. a, b, c, d, n > 1
e.g. an has the same even-odd nature as a
2. a, b, c, d, n are distinct
integers

Is a – b + c + d odd? • e±e±e±e=e
• o±o±o±o=e
• e±e±o±o=e
• e±o±o±o=o
Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?
• e±e±e±o=o
Q8 – Statement 1
a, b, c, d, n > 1 Is an – bn + cn + dn odd? Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?

Statement 1 - a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive prime numbers

Consecutive prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13…

Squares 4, 9, 25, 49, 121, 169…

{a, b, c, d} {4, 9, 25, 49} {9, 25, 49, 121} {25, 49, 121, 169}

e, o, o, o o, o, o, o o, o, o, o

Does not answer the question – the expression can be either even or odd

Statement 1 is not sufficient

Simplify Information
Q7 – Statement 1
a, b, c, d, n > 1 Is an – bn + cn + dn odd? Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?

Statement 2 – a4 when divided by 200 has the quotient 1

Dividend Divisor Quotient

a4 = 200 × 1 + r
• We should find as much as we can about ‘a’
a≠1
• What do we know about ‘r’
• r +ve
• r < 200 What about the Even - Odd
• Thus, a4 cannot be more than 400. nature of b, c and d?
• a4 ≥ 200
200 ≤ a4 < 400
a=2 a4 = 16
a=3 a4 = 81
a=4 Statement 2 is NOT SUFFICIENT
a=4 a4 = 256 Even
a=5 a4 = 625 Correct answer = Choice A

Extract as much information as you can - SIMPLIFY

Q8 – Statements 1 and 2
a, b, c, and d > 1 Is an – bn + cn + dn odd? Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?

Statements 1& 2

Statement 1 {a, b, c, d} {4, 9, 25, 49} {9, 25, 49, 121} {25, 49, 121, 169}

e, o, o, o o, o, o, o o, o, o, o
{a, b, c, d} = {4, 9, 25, 49}

Statement 2 a=4 e, o, o, o

3 of the numbers are odd

Answers the question

Correct answer = Choice C = Both together are sufficient

Both together are sufficient

Q9
What is the remainder when b is divided by a, if a and b are consecutive perfect squares and b is
greater than a?
1. Both a and b are squares of prime numbers.
2. Both a and b have 3 positive factors.

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q9 – Understand Question Statement
Question Statement - What is the remainder when b is divided by a, if a and b are consecutive perfect squares
and b is greater than a?
?Given – To find –
1. b>a
Remainder of b/a = ?
2. a and b are consecutive perfect squares

Consecutive numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…
Squares 1, 4, 9, 16, 25… Need to know values of b and a

{a, b} {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25} …

Remainder for b ÷ a 0 1 7 9

Depends on the values of b and a

Q9 – Statement 1
a, b are consecutive squares Remainder of b/a = ?
{a, b} = {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}…
Need to know values of a and b
Statement 1 - Both a and b are squares of prime numbers.

Squares of consecutive
numbers that are prime
Per question {a, b} squares of consecutive numbers

{2,3}

Values of a, b known

Answers the question – remainder can be calculated

Statement 1 is sufficient
Q9 – Statement 2
a, b are consecutive squares Remainder of b/a = ?

{a, b} = {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}… Need to know values of a and b
Statement 2 - Both a and b have 3 positive factors.
We need to extract as {2, 3} are the only consecutive numbers that are prime
much information as
(3)(1)
we can.
= (2+1)(0+1) {a, b} = {4, 9}
=> a = P12 × P20
=> a = P12
Values of a, b known

Answers the question – remainder can be calculated

a is square of a prime number

Similarly b is square of a prime number Statement 2 is sufficient

Correct answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question

Q10
Does P have a factor X where1<X<P and X and P are positive integers?
1. GCD (P2, k) = k, where k is a prime number
2. 36*20 + 2 < P < 36*20+6

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q10 – Question Statement
Question Statement - Does P have a factor X where1<X<P and X and P are positive integers?

Given –
X, P are positive integers P>1

1 P

To find - Any factor between 1 and P?

Is P Prime?

Simplify Information
Q10 – Statement 1
X, P are positive integers Does P have a factor X between Is P prime?
1 and P?
Statement 1: GCD (P2, k) = k, where k is a prime number

P2 is divisible by k

k is a prime number

Xn has the same prime factors as X

k is a prime factor of P2 k is a prime factor of P

Think: P = nk (n is an integer)
Let k = 5
 P = 5n
If n ≠ 1
If n = 1 P is NOT Prime
P is Prime

Statement 1 is not sufficient

Q10 – Statement 2
X, P are positive integers Does P have a factor X between Is P prime?
1 and P?
Statement 2: 36*20 + 2 < P < 36*20+6
Possible values of P:
36*20 + 3 36*20 + 4 36*20 + 5

3(12*20 + 1) 4(8*20 + 1) 5(36*4 + 1)

Divisible by 3 Divisible by 4 Divisible by 5

NOT Prime NOT Prime NOT Prime

Statement 2 is sufficient

Correct answer = Choice B = Statement 2 is sufficient but statement 1 is not

Simplify Information
Q11
If P = k3 – k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?

1. k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers

2. (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q11 – Question Statement
Question Statement - If P = k3 – k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
?
Given –
P = k3 – k
Last 2 digits of Is P of the form
= k(k2-1) P divisible by 4? 4*(other numbers)?
= k(k-1)(k+1)
= (k-1) k(k+1) = Product of No idea of value of P or k
P is divisible by 4 if either
Case 1 3 consecutive integers 1. k is odd or
k: odd 2. k is even & k is divisible by 4
(k-1) : even =2m product has 4 P always divisible by 4
(k+1) : even =2m + 2

Case 2
k: even =2m P divisible by 4
P may or may not
(k-1) : odd product has 2 if
be divisible by 4
(k+1) : odd k is divisible by 4

Simplify Information & Draw Inferences

Q11 – Statement 1
P is divisible by 4 if either
P = (k-1) k(k+1) Is P is divisible by 4? 1. k is odd or
2. k is even & k is divisible by 4
Statement 1: k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers

k = (10x)n + 54
= 2n (5x)n + 54
even + odd

k is odd

Answers the question – P is divisible by 4

Statement 1 is sufficient
Q11 – Statement 2
P is divisible by 4 if either
P = (k-1) k(k+1) Is P is divisible by 4? 1. k is odd or
2. k is even & k is divisible by 4
Statement 2: (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2

(2n + 1) k is odd
odd odd

k is odd

Answers the question – P is divisible by 4

Statement 2 is sufficient

Correct answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question

Q12
If P = k3 – k2, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?

1. k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers and n > 1.

2. (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q12 – Question Statement
Question Statement - If P = k3 – k2, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?

Given –
? To find –
P = k3 – k2
If P is divisible by 4.
= k2(k-1)
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is even or
2. k is odd & k-1 is divisible by 4
Case 1
k: odd P divisible by 4
P may or may not
k2: odd product has 2 if
be divisible by 4
(k-1) : even =2n (k-1) is divisible by 4

Case 2
k: even =2n
k2: even =(2n)2
(k-1) : odd product has 4 P always divisible by 4
Q12 – Statement 1
P is divisible by 4 if either
P = k2(k-1) Is P is divisible by 4? 1. k is even or
2. k is odd & k-1 is divisible by 4

Statement 1: k = (10x)n + 54 where x and n are positive integers and n>1

k = (10x)n + 54
= 2n (5x)n + 54
even + odd

k is odd

Is k – 1 divisible by 4? Try to find the units and tens digit of the expression
k – 1 = (10x)n + 54 - 1
(k-1) is divisible by 4 Answers the question – P is divisible by 4
n>1 n ≥ 2 = 100xn + 625 - 1

Tens and units digit = 24 Statement 1 is sufficient

Q12 – Statement 2
P is divisible by 4 if either
P = k2(k-1) Is P is divisible by 4? 1. k is even or
2. k is odd & k-1 is divisible by 4
Statement 2: (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer.

(2n + 1) k is odd
odd odd

k is odd

Don’t know if k-1 is divisible by 4

Does not answer the question – P is divisible by 4

Correct answer = Choice A = Statement 1 is sufficient but

Statement 2 is NOT sufficient statement 2 is not
Q13
If P and Q are positive integers and Q = 10 + 4P, find the GCD of P and Q
1. Q = 10 x, where x is a positive integer
2. P = 10 y, where y is a positive integer

A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
Q13 – Question Statement
Question Statement - If P and Q are positive integers and Q = 10 + 4P, find the GCD of P and Q

Given – To find –
P, Q are positive integers GCD of P and Q
Q = 10 + 4P

P = (Q- 10)/4

• I have Q in terms of P.
• I will write P also in
terms of Q.
Q13 – Statement 1
P, Q are integers GCD of P and Q = ?
Q = 10 + 4P P = (Q- 10)/4

Statement 1: Q = 10 x, where x is a positive integer

P = (Q- 10)/4
x P Q GCD (P,Q)
3 5 30 5
P = (10x- 10)/4 5 10 50 10
ODD
7 15 70 5
P is an integer
P = 5(x- 1)/2 x – 1 is even

GCD may be 5 or 10
• I have P and Q in terms of x
• What property can I use to find something more about x
• Even-odd
• Then I can assume some numbers to find GCD information
Statement 1 is not sufficient
Q13 – Statement 2
P, Q are integers GCD of P and Q = ?
Q = 10 + 4P P = (Q- 10)/4
Statement 2: P = 10 y, where y is a positive integer

Q = 10 + 4P
y P Q GCD (P,Q)
1 10 50 10
Q = 10 + 4(10y) 2 20 90 10
3 30 130 10

Q = 10(4y + 1)

GCD is always10

Statement 2 is sufficient
Correct answer = Choice B = Statement 2 is sufficient but statement 1 is not
Final Words
How to ace GMAT Quant
 Get 200% concept clarity.

 Do not get scared of complex information

 Simplification is the key.
 Extract as much juice as you can from every bit of information.
 Do not move ahead without assimilating information that you have read.
• Avoid information overload.
Next Steps
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• Primes
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• Number Properties Knockout

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• The 3 Mistakes to avoid in GMAT Even-Odd Q
• The 3 Mistakes to avoid in GMAT LCM-GCD Q