Delhi Public School, Howrah

PERIODIC TEST– I (2024-2025)

Class-XII
Care must be taken not to write anything on the question paper. All the questions must be attempted in the correct sequence.
SUBJECT: PHYSICS (CODE- 042)
Time:-3 Hours F.M.-70
General Instructions:

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B
contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains
two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks
each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one question
in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
iv. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝐴 −1
v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝐶 2𝑁 −1𝑚−2
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 1023 per gram mole
SECTION - A
𝑞
1. In the figure, if net force on Q is zero then value of 𝑄 is: 1

1 1
(a) √2 (b) 2√2 (c) 2√2 (d)
√2
2. An electric dipole when placed in a uniform electric field E will have minimum potential energy, when the 1
angle made by dipole moment with the electric field E is
(a) Π (b) 3 Π/2 (c) zero (d) Π/2
3. A parallel plate capacitor is first charged and then a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates. The 1
quantity that remains unchanged is
(a) charge (b) energy (c) potential (d) capacitance
4. A metallic plate exposed to white light emits electrons. For which of the following colours of light, the 1
stopping potential will be minimum?

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 (a) Blue (b) Yellow (c) Red (d) Violet
5. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance C. If the distance between the plates 1
is doubled and the space between the plates is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant 6, then the
capacitance will become
(a) 3C (b) C/3 (c) 12C (d) C/6
6. Photoelectric emission is observed for three different metals A, B and C. The kinetic energy of the fastest 1
photoelectrons versus frequency '𝜈' is ploted for each metal. Which of the following graphs shows the
phemomenon correctly?
(c)

7. An astronomical telescope of ten-fold angular magnification has a length of 44 cm. The focal length of the 1
objective is
(a) 44 cm (b) 440 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 40 cm
8. Yellow light is refracted through a prism producing minimum deviation. If i1 and i2 denote the angle of 1
incidence and angle of emergence for the prism, then
(a) i1 = i2 (b) i1 > i2 (c) i1 < i2 (d) i1 + i2 = 90
9. A car battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 5 x 10-2 ohm, receives a current of 60 A, from external 1
source, then terminal potential difference of battery is
(a) 12 V (b) 9 V (c) 15 V (d) 20 V
10. The algebraic sum of all currents meeting at a point in an electrical circuit is 1
(a) zero (b) infinite (c) positive (d) negative
11. An optician prescribes spectacles to a patient with a combination of a convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a 1
concave lens of focal length 40 cm. The power of the spectacles is
(a) -6.5 D (b) -1.5 D (c) 1.5 D (d) 6.5 D
12. In Young’s double slit experiment, when two light waves form third minimum, they have 1
(a) Phase difference of 3π (b) Path difference of 3λ
(c) Phase difference of 5π/2 (d) Path difference of 5λ/2
For question numbers 13 to 16, two statements are given- one labeled as assertion (A) and the
other labeled as reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) Both A and R are false
13. Assertion (A): Propagation of light through an optical fibre is due to total internal reflection taking place at the 1
core-clade interface.
Reason (R): Refractive index of the material of the core of the optical fibre is greater than that of cladding.
ANS: (a)
14. Assertion (A): An electron has a higher potential energy when it is at a location associated with a negative 1
value of potential and has a lower potential energy when at a location associated with a positive potential.
Reason(R): Electrons move from a region of higher potential to a region of lower potential.
ANS: (c)

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15. Assertion (A): When tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from some distance, a bright 1
spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle.
Reason (R): Destructive interference occurs at the centre of the shadow.
ANS: (c)
16. Assertion (A): Kinetic energy of photo electrons emitted by a photosensitive surface depends upon the 1
intensity of incident photon.
Reason (R): The ejection of electrons from metallic surface is possible with frequency of incident photon
below the threshold frequency.
ANS: (d)
Section-B
17. Derive the expression of torque acting on an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field. Draw the 1+1
corresponding diagram with proper label.
ANS:

18. In Young’s experiment, the width of the fringes obtained with light of wavelength 6000 A0 is 2.0 mm. 2
Calculate the fringe width if the entire apparatus is immersed in a liquid medium of refractive index 1.33.
Or
In Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are 0.2mm apart and the screen is 1.5m away. It is observed that
the distance between the central bright fringe and fourth dark fringe is 1.8 cm. Find the wavelength of light
used.
ANS: 𝛽 = 𝜆𝐷/𝑑 ………….(1/2)
𝛽𝜆 = 𝛽 / 𝜆/ ………….(1/2)

………………..(1)
Or

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19. Two copper wires, P and Q of the same area of cross-section are joined in parallel. The combination of wires 2
is connected across a battery of potential difference V. If the length of the wires, P and Q are in the ratio 1:2,
find the ratio of drift velocities of electrons in wires P and Q.
ANS: Area of cross section and resistivity are same for both.
𝑅1 𝐿 1
𝑅∝𝑙 = 𝐿1 = 2
𝑅2 2
As joined in parallel, V is same for both
𝐼1 𝑅 2
= 𝑅2 = 1 ………….(1)
𝐼2 1
We know that, drift velocity, 𝑣𝑑 = 𝐼/𝑛𝑒𝐴
𝑣1 𝐼 2
𝑣2
= 𝐼1 = 1 ………….(1)
2
20. A ray of monochromatic light passes through an equilateral glass prism in such a way that the angle of 1+1
incidence is equal to the angle of emergence and each of these angles is 3/4 times the angle of the prism.
Determine the angle of deviation and the refractive index of the glass prism.
ANS:

21. λα and λp are the wavelengths associated with a moving alpha particle and a proton respectively. Obtain the 1+1
relation between velocities of the two particles for which,
(a) λα > λp
(b) λα = λp
ANS: 𝑚α = 4𝑚p
According to De Broglie’s hypothesis, λ = h/mv
(a) λα > λp
h/ 𝑚α 𝑣α > ℎ/𝑚p 𝑣p
𝑣p > 4 𝑣α …………(1)
(b) λα = λp
h/ 𝑚α 𝑣α = ℎ/𝑚p 𝑣p
𝑣p = 4 𝑣α …………(1)
Section-C
22. X and Y are two equipotential surfaces separated by a distance of 2 m in a uniform electric field of 10 V/m as 1+2
shown below. Surface X has a potential of 10 V.

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 (a) Calculate the potential of surface Y.
(b) What is the work done in moving a +2 C charge from surface Y to surface X along path 1? How will this
work change when the charge is moved along Path 2? Give a reason for your answer.
ANS:
(a) potential of surface Y = 𝑉𝑌 = 𝑉𝑋 + 𝐸. 𝑑 = 10 + (10 × 2) = 30 𝑚
(b) Work done = q (𝑉𝑋 − 𝑉𝑌 ) = 2 × (−20) = −40 𝑉
Same work is done when the charge is moved along Path 2
Reason: As Electric force field is a conservative force field, so work done is independent of path.
23. (a) A heating element is marked 210 V, 630 W. What is the value of the current drawn by the element when 1+2
connected to a 210 V DC source?
(b) Two electric bulbs P and Q have their resistances in the ratio of 1: 2. They are connected in series across a
battery. Find the ratio of the power dissipation in these bulbs. Calculate the same if they are connected in
parallel.
ANS:
(a) The power of the heating element is 630 Watt and its voltage is 210V. Thus, the current drawn can be calculated
with the formula P=VI

where P denotes the power, V stands for the voltage and I is the symbol of the current.
So, the value of the current drawn, I =P/V = 630/210 = 3A ……(1)
2
(b) Power = I R
The current, in the two bulbs, is the same as they are connected in series.

…….(1)
In parallel, P.d is same but current is different
𝑃1 𝑉 2 /𝑅 𝑅 2
= 𝑉 2 /𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 1 …….(1)
𝑃2 2 1
24. Obtain the formula for the electric field intensity due to a long thin wire of uniform linear charge density 3
using Gauss’s law.
ANS: Refered to NCERT
25. (a) Two materials Si and Cu are cooled from 300 K to 60 K. What will be the effect on their resistivity? 1+2
(b) Graph of current vs. voltage for a material GaAs is depicted below.

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 (i) Identify negative resistance region.
(ii) Identify the region of graph where Ohm’s law is obeyed.
ANS: (a) In Si, the resistivity increases with decrease in temperature. But in Cu the resistivity decreases with
decrease in temperature
(b) (i) DE is the negative resistance region.
(ii) Ohm’s law is obeyed in BC region.
26. (a) A tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5 cm. The apparent depth of a needle lying at the bottom of 2+1
the tank is measured by a microscope to be 9.4 cm. What is the refractive index of water? If water is replaced
by a liquid of refractive index 1.63 up to the same height, by what distance would the microscope have to be
moved to focus on the needle again?
(b) Suppose that the lower half of a concave mirror’s reflecting surface is covered with an opaque (non-
reflective) material. What effect will this have on the image of an object placed in front of the mirror?
ANS: (a)

(b) If a part of mirror is covered with an opaque object then intensity of the image formed will decrease as the image
will be formed by less no. of light rays.
27. How is the spacing between fringes in a double slit experiment affected if: 1+1
(a) the slits separation is increased, +1
(b) the colour of light used is changed from red to blue,
(c) the whole apparatus is submerged in a oil of refractive index 1.2?
Justify your answer in each case.
𝜆𝐷
ANS: We know that fringe width is given by, 𝛽 = 𝑑
(a) If the slits separation ‘d’ is increased, fringe width is decreased
(b) As 𝛽 ∝ 𝜆, if the colour of light used is changed from red to blue wavelength decreases and fringe width
also decreases.
(c) If the whole apparatus is submerged in a oil of refractive index 1.2, new fringe width will be = 𝛽/1.2
So fringe width is decreased by 1.2 times.
28. (a) Define the term “cut off frequency” in photoelectric emission. 3
(b) The threshold frequency of a metal is f0. When the light of frequency 2f0 is incident on the metal plate, the
maximum velocity of photoelectrons is v1. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to 5f0,
the maximum velocity of photoelectrons is v2. Find the ratio v1 : v2.
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 Or
The graph given below shows the variation of photoelectric current (I) with the applied voltage (V) 3
for two different materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiations.

Identity and explain using Einstein’s photoelectric equation for the pair of curves that correspond to
(i) different materials but same intensity of incident radiation,
(ii) different intensities but same materials.
ANS: (a) Cut off frequency: It is the minimum frequency of incident radiation for which photo electric
emission can be started i.e, electrons can come out of a metal surface.
(b)

Or
(i) (a) 1 and 2 correspond to same intensity but different material.
(b) 3 and 4 correspond to same intensity but different material.
This is because the saturation currents are same and stopping potentials are different. Stopping potentials are different
for different materials.
(ii) (a) 1 and 3 correspond to different intensity but same material.
(b) 2 and 4 correspond to different intensity but same material.
This is because the stopping potentials are same but saturation currents are different. For same material work functions
are same and stopping potentials are also same.
Section-D
Case Study Based Questions
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.
29. A dielectric slab is a substance which does not allow the flow of charges through it but permits them to exert 4
electrostatic forces on one another.
When a dielectric slab is placed between the plates, the field E0 polarises the dielectric. This induces charge
-Qp on the upper surface and +Qp on the lower surface of the dielectric. These induced charges set up a field
Ep inside the dielectric in the opposite direction of E0 as shown.

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 (i) In a parallel plate capacitor, the capacitance increases from 4µF to 80µF, on introducing a dielectric
medium between the plates. What is the dielectric constant of the medium?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 50
d. 100
(ii) A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8 pF. The separation
between the plates is now reduced half and the space between them is filled with a medium of
dielectric constant 5. Calculate the value of capacitance of the capacitor in second case.
a. 8 pF
b. 10 pF
c. 80 pF
d. 100 pF
(iii) A dielectric introduced between the plates of a parallel plate condenser
a. decreases the electric field between the plates
b. increases the charge stored in the condenser
c. decreases the capacity of the condenser
d. increases the potential difference between the plates
(iv) A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 1 pF has separation between the plates is d. When the
distance of separation becomes 2d and wax of dielectric constant x is inserted in it the
capacitance becomes 2 pF. What is the value of x?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
Or
(v) A parallel plate capacitor having area A and separated by distance d is filled by copper plate of
thickness b. The new capacity is
𝜀0 𝐴
a. 𝑏
𝑑+
2
𝜀0 𝐴
b. 2𝑑
𝜀0 𝐴
c. 𝑑−𝑏
2𝜀0 𝐴
d. 𝑏
𝑑+
2
30. The phenomenon of bending of light around the sharp corners and 4
the spreading of light within the geometrical shadow of the
opaque obstacles is called diffraction of light. The light thus
deviates from its linear path. The deviation becomes much more
pronounced, when the dimensions of the aperture or the obstacle
are compared to the wavelength of light.

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 (i) Light seems to propagate in rectilinear path because
a. Its spread is very large
b. Its wavelength is very small
c. Reflected from the upper surface of atmosphere
d. It is not absorbed by atmosphere
(ii) In diffraction from a single slit the angular width of the central maxima does not depends
on
a. Wavelength of light used
b. Width of the slit
c. Distance of slit from the screen
d. Ratio of wavelength and slit width
(iii) For a diffraction from a single slit, the intensity of the central point is
a. Infinite
b. Finite and same magnitude as the surrounding maxima
c. Finite but much larger than the surrounding maxima
d. Finite and substantially smaller than the surrounding maxima
(iv) In a single slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double its original
width. Then, the central maxima on the diffraction pattern will become
a. Narrower and fainter
b. Narrower and brighter
c. broader and fainter
d. broader and brighter
Or
(v) In a single diffraction pattern observed on a screen placed at D metre distance from the
slit of width d metre, the ratio of the width of the central maxima to the width of other
secondary maxima is
a. 2:1
b. 1:2
c. 1:1
d. 3:1
Section-E
31. (a) Derive the expression of electric field intensity due to an electric dipole at a point on the perpendicular 2+3
bisector of the dipole.
(b) A cube with each side 'a' is kept in an electric field given by 𝑬 = 𝐶𝑥 𝒊, (as is shown in the figure)

Where C is a positive dimensional constant. Find out –

(i) the electric flux through the cube, and
(ii) the net charge inside the cube

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 Or

(a) Compare the electric fields due to a monopole (single charge) and a dipole. Draw the corresponding
graphs of electric field with distance from for both of the cases
(b) Show that the potential energy of a dipole making angle 𝜃 with the direction of the field is
2+3
given by 𝑢(𝜃) = −𝑝⃗. 𝐸⃗⃗. Hence, find out the amount of work done in rotating it form the position of unstable
equilibrium to the stable equilibrium.
ANS: (a) Refered to NCERT book
(b) Lets consider φ1 and φ2 are electric fluxes through left and right surfaces of the cube respectively.
According to Gauss’s law

Or
1 𝑄 1
(a) Electric field due to a monopole, E = or 𝐸 ∝
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2 𝑟2
1
Electric field due to a dipole, 𝐸 ∝ 𝑟3

(b) Now the dipole is rotated and brought to orientation making an angle θ with the field direction (i.e., θ0 =
90° and θ1 = θ°), therefore, work done

Total work done in bringing the electric dipole from infinity, i.e., Electric potential energy of electric
dipole

For rotating dipole from position of unstable equilbrium (θ0 = 180°) to the stable equilbrium (θ = 0°)

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32. (a) Define the term drift velocity. 1+2
(b) On the basis of electron drift, derive an expression for resistivity of a conductor in terms of number +1+
density of free electrons and relaxation time. 1
(c) How will you explain increase in resistivity of a metal with increase of temperature in terms of electronic
movement within it?
(c) Why alloys like constantan and manganin are used for making standard resistors?
Or
(a) State Kirchhoff’s laws of current electricity.
(b) Use Kirchhoff’s laws to derive the condition for the balanced condition in a Wheatstone bridge in terms of 1+2
four resistances of its arms. +2
(b) Observe the circuit diagram of a meter bridge which is balanced as shown in figure below. Find the
unknown resistance X.

ANS: (a) The average velocity attained by charged particles, (eg. electrons) in a material due to an applied
electric field.
(b) Referred to NCERT
(c) resistivity given as 𝜌 = 𝑚/𝑛𝑒 2 𝜏
With the increase in temperature, the random motion of electrons increases. As a result, the number of
collisions of electrons with the positive ions increases i.e, relaxation time 𝝉 decreases. Hence, the resistivity
of all pure metals increases with the rise in temperature and decreases with the decrease in temperature.
(d) Manganin and constantan alloys are used to make standard resistance coils because they have high
resistivity, a low-temperature coefficient of resistance, and the ability to achieve good resistance values in a
small size.
Or
(a) Kirchhoff’s current law: Kirchhoff’s current law states, ‘The current flowing into a node or a junction must
be equal to the current flowing out of it.
In other words, It states that the algebraic sum of all currents in the given electric circuit is equal to zero.
Kirchhoff’s voltage law: Kirchhoff’s voltage law states that in any closed loop within an electric circuit, the
sum of all potential drops across each resistor must be equal to the sum of all emfs applied across the same
loop.

(b)

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 𝑃 𝑅
(c) As the bridge is balanced: 𝑄
= 𝑆

𝑋 40
6
= 60 => 𝑋 = 4 𝑜ℎ𝑚
33. (a) Draw a neat labelled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment. 1+2
(b) An astronomical telescope may be a refracting type or a reflecting type. Which one will you prefer to use +2
for observation of heavenly objects? Why?
(c) The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20. The magnification produced by the
eyepiece is 5. The microscope is focused on a certain object. The distance between the objective and
eyepiece is observed to be 14 cm. If least distance of distinct vision is 20 cm. Calculate the focal length of
the objective and the eyepiece?
Or
(a) Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image of a point object by a thin double convex lens having radii
of curvature R1 and R2. Hence derive lens maker’s formula. 3+2
(b) A converging lens of refractive index 1.5 has a power of 10 D. When it is completely immersed in a liquid,
it behaves as a diverging lens of focal length 50 cm. Find the refractive index of the liquid.

ANS: (a)

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(b) I will prefer Reflecting telescopes as it has many advantages over refracting telescopes. Mirrors don't cause
chromatic aberration and they are easier and cheaper to build large. The are also easier to mount because the back of
the mirror can be used to attach to the mount.
(c)

Or
(a) Derivation is referred to NCERT

(b) According to given data,

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