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Renewable Sources of Energy

RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

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BILAL AHMAD
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18 views

Renewable Sources of Energy

RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY

Uploaded by

BILAL AHMAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Renewable Sources of Energy

BY
Dr. Bilal Ahmad Bhat
Assistant Professor Physics
Govt. Degree Colleges Sopore
Outline
Why do we need energy ?

Energy Resources

Why do we need Renewable energy resources?

Harvesting of Renewable Energy Resources

India Stand on Renewable energy Trend


Why do we need energy ?
 To do any sort of work or activity

 To light our cities , homes, schools, factories etc

 To make electrical devices such as mobile phones,

Computers, calculators etc work

 To makes our vehicles go, planes fly,

 To heat and cool our homes, schools etc.

 To cook our food


Energy Resources
Resources Which Provides energy

Renewable Sources Non Renewable


Naturally replenish themselves  Coal
and Never Run out  Petroleum
 Solar Energy  Natural Gas
 Wind energy  Nuclear Fuels
 Hydro Electricity
 Ocean thermal Energy
 Geothermal energy
 Biomass energy
Why we Need Renewable Energy resources ?
• Fossil fuels are not Reliable as they won’t last forever
• Rise in Energy demand due to papulation explosion and
industrialization growth
• Job Opportunities
• Cost effectiveness
• Our country will be less
dependent on other for fuel.
• Decrease air pollution
• No greenhouse gas emissions.
DO YOU KNOW ? – FOSSIL FUELS CURRENTLY SUPPLY more than 70%
OF THE WORLDS ENERGY BUT RENEWABLE ENERGY USE IS RAPIDLY
GROWING.
Harvesting of Renewable Energy Resources:
1. Solar energy
Solar energy is the energy, the earth receives
from the sun, in the form of electromagnetic
radiation.
Solar energy can be harnessed by
• solar cooker
• Solar heater
• Solar cells
• Solar Pond
Advantages:
 Renewable Source
 It does not effect our environment.
 Disadvantages:
 It is not constant ,it depend on weather condition,time and location.
2. Wind energy
The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the
process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical
power or electricity.
This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks
 Grinding grain
 Pumping water
 Generate electricity to power homes, businesses,
schools etc.
Major Concerns
 Noise
 Initial cost is high
3. Hydroelectric Power
A form of renewable energy generated by the movement of water. The
flow of water is used to spin a turbine, which is connected to an electric
generator. The electricity is then fed into the National Grid, and into our
homes.
4.Ocean Thermal Energy

Ocean Thermal Energy, also called Ocean Thermal Energy


Conversion (OTEC), refers to using the temperature difference
between the deep cold ocean water and the warm surface water to
run a heat engine and produce electricity
5. Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is the thermal
energy generated and stored inside
the Earth’s crust. The Earth’s centre
remains at the same temperature as
the Sun, which is nearly constant due
to the continuous process of nuclear
fusion. Due to such high temperature
and pressure, some rocks melt,
resulting in the mantle’s upward
motion (as they become lighter with
the heat). These molten rocks
formed in the Earth’s crust are
pushed upward where they get
trapped in certain regions called ‘hot
spots.’ When underground water
comes in contact with the hot spot,
steam is generated. Sometimes this
hot water-formed region finds
outlets at the surface. When this hot
water gushes out of one of these
outlets, it is called hot springs.
6. Biomass Energy

Biomass energy is a renewable energy which is derived from


organic matter such as wood, garbage, crop waste, cow-dung etc.
India Stand on Renewable energy Trend
 India is the 3rd largest energy consuming country in the world (400 GW)

 India is worlds third largest renewable energy producer, producing 176.49


GW from Renewable Resources.

 4th in Solar Power capacity……….70.10 GW

 4th in Wind Power capacity.........44.089 GW

 5th in hydroelectric power capacity…….50.85 GW

 India’s installed Renewable Energy capacity has increased 396% in the last
8.5 year

 The country has set an enhanced target at the 500 GW of Renewable based
energy by 2030.. This is the world's largest expansion plan in renewable
energy.
s of July 2023, Renewable energy sources,
including large hydropower, have a
combined installed capacity of 176.49 GW.
The following is the installed capacity for
Renewables:
•Wind power: 43.7 GW
•Solar Power: 70.1 GW
•Biomass/Co-generation: 10.2 GW
•Small Hydro Power: 4.94 GW
•Waste To Energy: 0.55 GW
•Large Hydro: 46.85 GW
Lines in Raman Spectrum

1. Rayleigh Line
Ѵ = Ѵi

2. Stokes Lines
Ѵ < Ѵi

3. AntiStokes Lines

Ѵ > Ѵi
Quantum theory of Raman Spectra.

According to quantum theory when a beam of monochromatic light of frequency Ѵi in


the form of photons each of energy h Ѵi strikes a molecule of sample.

Elastic Collision Inelastic Collision

No loss or gain of Energy by Photon

Rayleigh Line
Energy Loss Energy Gain

Stokes lines Antistokes Lines


Selection Rule
∆v =0, ±1, ±2,….
Block Diagram of Raman Spectrometer
Applications of Raman Spectroscopy

1.In medical field, Raman spectroscopy is used to diagnose various disease


tumor, cancer , Blood infection etc.

2. Biomolecules can also be directly sensed with Raman spectroscopy, that enables
a new understanding of DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in biological
organisms.
Raman spectra DNA

3. In material science to determine the structure of molecules , bonds, crystallinity etc of


samples.
Raman Spectra of My Research work samples Carried at IUAC New .

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