Worksheet #3

a. State the three (3) types of electromechanical devices

1. Generator

2. Motor

3. Transformer

b. Based on the drawings in the figures below, state the name of the various
types of self-excited dc motors.

W – Series Wound DC Motor

X – Shunt Wound DC Motor

Y – Compound Wound DC Motor

c.

State the names of the parts label 1, 2, 3, 4 and state their primary function.

1 – Controller (Variable Resistor) – vary the speed of the motor by

varying the resistance of the armature circuit

2 – Diverter (Variable Resistor) – vary the speed of the motor by

varying the flux

3 – Field Winding – provides a flux / magnetic field

4 – Armature Circuit – rotating part of motor

d. What is the difference between a generator and a motor?

A motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy, whereas;

A generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

e. What are two (2) ways to vary the speed of a dc motor?
Two methods to vary speed of DC Motor:

1. Resistance Control Method – the speed is varied by varying the

resistance of the armature circuit through a variable resistor

(controller) that is placed in series with the armature circuit.

2. Field Control Method – the speed is varied by varying the flux of

the field winding through a variable resistor (diverter) that is

placed in parallel to the field winding.

f. Give three (3) examples of the use of DC motors.

1. Portable Power Hand Drill

2. Clocks

3. Electrical Toys

4. CD-ROMs

5. Kitchen Appliances (Mini-Chopper, Microwave, Blenders)

g. Why are AC motors preferred to be used in the industry over DC motors?

AC Motors are rugged in construction, is waterproof and can be

connected to the supply system (single-phase or three-phase) that is

commonly used in the industry.

h. State three (3) types of single-phase AC motors
1. Split Phase Induction Motor

2. Capacitor Start Induction Run Motor (Water Pump)

3. Two-Value Capacitor Motor

4. Shaded Pole Motor

5. Universal Motor

i. Why does three-phase AC Motors require a starting method to the start

motor?
Three-phase AC motor draws a high starting current which can damage

armature conductor; hence a starter is used to reduce the high starting

current.

j. What are the three (3) types of reduced voltage starting methods used in
three-phase AC motors?
Reduced Voltage Methods:

1. Star-Delta Starting Method

2. Autotransformer Starting Method

3. Stator Resistance Starting Method

Full Voltage Method:

1. Direct-on-Line Starting Method

k. The figure below shows a DOL Starter.

Give the name and function of the parts labelled 1-6.

1 – Start Button – allows current to flow in control circuit when pressed

2 – Auxiliary Contact – a “hold-on-contact” that energizes the contactor coil

when the start button is pressed.

3 – Auxiliary Coil – creates a magnetic field that attracts the auxiliary

contact when the start button is pressed

4 – Thermal Overload Relay – limits the amount of current flowing to the

motor to prevent overheating / burn out

5 – Remote Stop Button – a stop button stationed away from the motor to

stop the flow of current to the motor

6 – Remote Start Button – a start button stationed away form the motor to

start the flow of current to the motor

l. Outline the operation of the DOL Starter

When the start button is pressed, current flow through the control

circuit and energizes the auxiliary coil. The Auxiliary coil now creates a

magnetic field that attracts the auxiliary contact thereby causing the

auxiliary contact to close. Hence, causing the contacts of the contactor

to close and allow current to flow to the 3-phase motor.

m. State how can an additional start button be added in the circuit.

An additional start button must be added in parallel to the main start

button.

n. State the basic parts of a transformer and their function

Basic Parts of a transformer:

1. Primary Winding – receives energy from the AC Source

2. Secondary Winding – receives energy from the primary winding and

delivers it to the load.

3. Core – provides a path for the magnetic lines of flux.

4. Enclosure – protects the core and winding from dirt, moisture and

mechanical damage.
o. Explain the operation of a double wound transformer
When an ac voltage is applied to the primary winding; and ac current

circulates in the primary winding thereby generating an alternating

magnetic field. This magnetic field circulates in the core of the

transformer, hence, cutting the secondary winding thereby inducing an

emf. This induced emf is utilized when a load is connected to the

secondary side.

p. What are the two type of transformer based on the core configuration?
Transformer based on Core configuration:

1. Core-type transformer

2. Shell-type transformer

q. State the two type of transformer based on their winding configuration

Transformer based on Winding configuration:

1. Double Wound Transformer

2. Autotransformer

r. Name the two sources of energy losses in a power transformer

Sources of Energy losses in transformer:

1. Iron Loss

2. Copper Loss
s. State the two methods for cooling transformer
Methods for cooling transformer:

1. Air Cooling

2. Oil Cooling

t. State how eddy current loss can be minimized

Eddy Current Loss can be minimized by laminated the core of the

transformer with silicon steel.

u. Name TWO electromotive forces that are induced in the conductors of a

double wound power transformer.
Two emf that are induced are:

1. Self-Induced emf

2. Mutual Induced emf

v. What are the TWO MAIN losses present in an iron core transformer under
load conditions?
Two types of iron loss:

1. Eddy Current Loss

2. Hysteresis Loss
w. A step-down transformer with an input of 120 volts gives an output of 6 volts.
The transformer has 800 turns of primary windings.

1. Calculate the number of turns on the secondary windings

2. Calculate the primary current given that the transformer is rated at

600VA.

3. Calculate the secondary current.

x. State the difference between a double wound transformer and an

autotransformer.
In a double-wound transformer, the primary and secondary windings are

magnetically linked to each other, whereas; in an autotransformer, the

primary and secondary winding are electrically linked to each other.