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35 - Construction - Part 1 & 2

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
117 views2 pages

35 - Construction - Part 1 & 2

Uploaded by

Lili Monteza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Review Module – Construction

CONCRETE MIXTURE

SITUATION. The ratio 1:1.5:3 (by weight) is used in a concrete mix. 13. Determine the nearest quantity of excavation in m3?
Cement: 50 kg/bag of cement with specific gravity of 3.15 A. 32.256 C. 30.240
Sand: Specific gravity of 2.2 B. 35.526 D. 37.240
Gravel: Specific gravity of 2.7 14. Determine the nearest volume of compacted gravel m3?
Water: 20 liters per bag of cement A. 3.016 C. 1.016
1. Determine the volume of cement used for a bag of cement. B. 4.016 D. 2.016
A. 0.019 m3 C. 0.017 m3 15. Determine the nearest volume of backfill in m3?
B. 0.016 m3 D. 0.012 m3 A. 24.730 C. 22.220
2. Determine the volume of sand used for a bag of cement. B. 21.504 D. 31.510
A. 0.044 m3 C. 0.034 m3 16. Determine the nearest quantity of concrete (for the footings) in m3?
B. 0.064 m3 D. 0.054 m3 A. 5.048 C. 8.064
3. Determine the volume of gravel used for a bag of cement. B. 6.048 D. 7.064
A. 0.056 m3 C. 0.066 m3
B. 0.076 m3 D. 0.036 m3 SITUATION. A slab is to be constructed with a clear dimension of 4.5m x 7.0m.
4. Determine the total volume of concrete per bag of cement. 17. Which of the following most nearly gives the quantity of standard plywood needed
A. 0.106 m3 C. 0.126 m3 for the formworks?
B. 0.141 m3 D. 0.159 m3 A. 12 C. 16
5. Determine the approximate number of bags of cement for a 25 m3 concrete B. 8 D. 6
member. 18. If 286.65 bd ft is needed for the wood frame of the slab formworks, what is the total
A. 199 C. 263 length, in feet, if a 2” x 3” wood is used?
B. 259 D. 236 A. 423.75 C. 523.3
B. 477.75 D. 573.3
SITUATION. A certain structural member is to be poured with 30 ft 3 of concrete using 19. If the concrete slab is to be reinforced by 12 mm Φ bar, what thickness of concrete
the proportions 1:2:3 by volume. Water cement ratio is 0.7 by volume. spacer for the bottom bars must be prepared prior to concrete pouring?
A. 20 mm C. 25 mm
Materials Specific Gravity Unit Weight B. 30 mm D. 15 mm
Cement 3.15 94 pcf
Sand 2.40 110 pcf 20. Estimate the cost of fencing a lot 20m x 30m with a 3m gate span at one end of
Gravel 2.70 100 pcf (20m). Estimate the total cost excluding the gate.
6. Find the approximate number of bags of cement.
a) Given as follows per square meter of fence.
A. 5 C. 7
B. 9 D. 11 13 pcs – 6” CHB @ P1.60/piece
3 kg reinforcing bars @ P0.60
7. Find the approximate volume of sand required in ft3.
¼ bag of cement at P58/bag
A. 10 C. 14 1/60 cu.m. of sand @ P180/cu.m.
B. 22 D. 18 Cost of labor and installation @ P30/sq.m.
8. Find the approximate volume of coarse aggregate in ft3.
A. 27 C.15 b) other cost
B. 21 D. 33 Cost of footing, material and labor @ P160/cu.m.
9. Find the approximate volume of water in ft3. Cost of excavation @ P20/cu.m.
A. 4.1 C. 6.0
B. 4.9 D. 7.0 Consider: Depth of footing from NGL = 0.6m
Thickness of footing = 0.2m
SITUATION. [NOV 2018] Width of Footing = 0.6m
The basic data for proportioning trial batches for normal weight concrete with an Height of fence from NGL = 3m
average compressive strength of 35 MPa at 28 days are as follows:
Slump = 75 mm to 100 mm a. P25,713.24 b. P25,137.24 c. P25,417.42 d. P25,174.42
Water – cement ratio by weight = 0.48
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15 SITUATION. [NOV 2009]
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.68 A 4 m length pipe having a diameter of 600 mm is to be installed in one hour at a cost
Specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2.64 of P570/m. One foreman has a rate of P50/hr., 2 skilled laborers have a rate P40/hr.
Water (net mixing) = 180 kg/m3 and 10 unskilled laborers have a rate of P35/hr. A backhoe was rented for P800/hr.
Entrapped Air = 1% and a compactor was rented at a rate of P120/hr.
Concrete unit weight = 23.6 kN/m3 Volume of cement needed per meter length is 0.07 m3 at P130/m3
10. What is the total solid volume of water, cement, coarse aggregate and entrapped Volume of sand needed per meter length is 0.15 m3 at P300/m3
air, if the dry weight of coarse aggregate is 10.1 kN/m3? VAT is 10% of equipment, labor and material cost.
A. 0.38 C. 0.12 Insurance is 30% of equipment and material cost.
B. 0.24 D. 0.69
11. For 10 m3 of concrete, how much cement (kN) is needed? 21. Which of the following gives the total cost of labor and equipment per meter length
A. 57.1 C. 36.8 of pipe?
B. 18.4 D. 9.8 A. P920 C. P1500
12. If the combined solid volume of cement, water, coarse aggregate and entrapped B. P350 D. P420
air is 0.55 m3, what weight of dry sand is required? 22. Which of the following gives the cost of material per meter length of pipe?
A. 13.0 C. 25.9 A. P624.10 C. P745
B. 16.4 D. 11.6 B. P1000 D. P879.10
23. Which of the following gives the total cost of the project per meter length of pipe?
ESTIMATES A. P1267.10 C. 1327.74
B. 1320.45 D. 1420.24
SITUATION. A bill of quantities is to be prepared for 14 square isolated footings
(Length x Width x Thickness) 1.20m x 1.20m x 0.30m with depth of 1.5m. The footing
supports column with dimension 0.40m x 0.40m. The foundation is strong enough that
formworks is not required for footing. Provide 100 mm thick compacted gravel bedding.
(Swell factor for backfill is 115%, Unit weight of steel is 7860 kg/m3).
Review Module – Construction
CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM) This distribution (the beta distribution) has a minimum and maximum value, unlike
Earliest Start Time Rule: the normal distribution, which has an infinite range of values. It also is capable of
The ES time for an activity leaving a particular node is the largest of the EF times for assuming a wide variety of shapes, again unlike the normal, which is always
all activities entering the node symmetrical about its most likely value.

Latest Finish Time Rule: Estimate of Expected Activity Time:


The LF time for an activity entering a particular node is the smallest of the LS times for 𝒂 + 𝟒𝒎 + 𝒃
𝒕=
all activities leaving that node. 𝟔
Estimating the Standard Deviation of an Activity Time
Slack is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the 𝒃−𝒂
𝑺𝑫 =
completion date for the overall project. 𝟔

The critical path activities are those with zero slack. SITUATION. For the following PERT network given below (time duration is in weeks):
Most
Optimistic Pessimistic
SITUATION. Repeating floor-by-floor structural construction activities of Diaphragm- Activity
Time
Likely
Time
Shear Wall Building are shown below. Time
Immediate Duration 1–2 1 1 7
Activity 1–3 1 4 7
Predecessor (Weeks)
A -- 7 1–4 2 2 8
B -- 9 2–5 1 1 1
C A 12 3–5 2 5 14
D A, B 8 4–6 2 5 8
E D 9 5–6 3 6 15
F C, E 6 26. Determine the expected project length.
G E 5 A. 7 weeks C. 13 weeks
24. Which of the following gives the duration of the critical path? B. 17 weeks D. 27 weeks
A. 35 weeks C. 32 weeks 27. Determine the Standard deviation of Project Length.
B. 40 weeks D. 43 weeks A. 3.8 weeks C. 6.78 weeks
25. What is the longest delay that the activity C can have without causing delay in the B. 3 weeks D. 4 weeks
overall structural floor construction? 28. Determine the probability that the project will be completed on schedule if the
A. 8 weeks C. 5 weeks scheduled completion time is 20 weeks.
B. 7 weeks D. 6 weeks A. 94.873% C. 100%
B. 84.134% D. 74.431%
WAYS OF REDUCING PROJECT DURATION
1. A strategic analysis 29. [NOV 2021] Of all paths through the network, the critical path has the ….
Here the analyst asks: “Does this project have to be done the way it is currently A. maximum actual time C. minimum actual time
diagrammed?” In particular, “Do all of the activities on the critical path have to be done B. minimum expected time D. maximum expected time
in the specified order?”
2. A tactical approach 30. [NOV 2021] Which of the following satisfy the requirements for estimating
In this approach the analyst assumes that the current diagram is appropriate and works expected activity times in a PERT network?
at reducing the time of certain activities on the critical path by devoting more resources I. Make use of three estimates
to them II. Puts the greatest weight on the most likely time estimate
III. Is motivated by the beta distribution
PROGRAM EVALUATION REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) A. III only C. II only
B. I only D. All of the above
VARIABILITY IN ACTIVITY TIMES
A. Optimistic time 31. [NOV 2021] Which of the following is the calculation of the probability that the
(Denoted by a): the minimum time. Everything has to go perfectly to achieve this critical path will be completed by the time T?
time. I. Assumes that the activity times are statistically independent
B. Most probable time II. Assumes that the total time of the critical path has approximately beta
(Denoted by m): the most likely time. The time required under normal circumstances. distribution
C. Pessimistic time III. Requires knowledge of the standard deviation for all activities in the
(Denoted by b): the maximum time. One version of Murphy’s Law is that if something network.
can go wrong, it will. The pessimistic time is the time required when Murphy’s Law is A. III only C. II only
in effect B. All of the above D. I only

ESTIMATING THE EXPECTED ACTIVITY TIME: 32. The earliest start time (ES) for an activity leaving node C (in the AOA approach)
The procedure for estimating the expected value of the activity times was motivated by A. is the Max of the earliest finish times for all activities entering node C
the assumption that the activity time was a random variable with a particular probability B. equals the earliest finish times for the same activity minus its expected activity
distribution. time
C. depends on all paths leading from the start through node C
Sample Beta Distribution: (a = 4, m = 7, b = 16) D. all of the above

33. The latest finish time (LF) for an activity entering node H (in the AOA approach)
A. equals the Max of the latest start times for all activities leaving node H
B. depends on the latest finish time for the project
C. equals the latest start time minus the activity time for the same activity
D. none of the above

34. The slack for activity G


A. equals LF for G – LS for G
B. equals EF for G – ES for G
C. equals LS for G – ES for G
D. none of the above

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