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Physics Form One Measurement Lesson 2

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11 views

Physics Form One Measurement Lesson 2

Uploaded by

mugaruladesdelius
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS FORM ONE

TOPIC: MEASUREMENT
SUBTOPIC: Derived physical quantities
Teacher- (Greetings and welcoming students to a class)
Teacher- The competence from this subtopic is to be able to explain
the concept of derive quantities.
A derived quantity is a physical quantity obtained by combining two or
more fundamental quantities.
Suppose two or more fundamental quantities are combine by either
division and/or multiplication, the result is termed as a derived physical
quantity. Examples of derived physical quantities include area, volume,
weight, pressure, density, etc.
 AREA:

Activity: How can you determine the area of the rectangle below?
The quantity Area (A) of the rectangle below is obtained.
Teacher - Easy, Area is derived from multiplying fundamental quantities
Length x Length. = l x l
The S.I. units are called derived units which is m x m = m2.
Examples of Derived Physical quantities include the following in a table
below:
Derived Quantity S.I Unit Symbol
2
Area Meter squared m
3
Volume Cubic meter m

Density mass per unit volume Kg/m3


Pressure Newton per meter square N/m2 (Pa)
Note: All the above quantities can be obtained by calculations.
Teacher – Lets discus the concept of volume as a derived quantity.
 VOLUME: [Needs to be simulated]

Volume is the amount of space occupied by matter.


Volume is derived from length x length x length.
S.I unit is a cubic meter (m3)
Other units include cubic centimeter (m3), cubic millimeter (m3), liter (L),
and milliliter (ml)
(i) The volume of regular objects
Teacher- Giving students an Activity: Students asked to mention any
items you use in daily life that have the following shapes;
Cylindrical shapes
Spherical shapes

 The volume of a cylinder.


Volume is taken as the circular base area occupied times the full height
to fill the cylinder.
Formula for volume is V =π r 2 h
Since radius (r) and height (h) are all lengths, volume is expressed in
terms of length.
Teacher- Demonstrating to students how the volume of a cube is
obtained from length.

Volume = length x length x length


Volume = l x l x l = l3
Volume = 1 cm3 x 1cm3 x 1cm3 = 1 cm3

Teacher- Giving students an example on volume of a cylinder.


Example 01. Calculate the volume of the
cylinder below.

Solving
The volume of the cylinder is given by

2
V =π r h

V = 3.14 x 8 cm x 8 cm x 20 cm
Thus, the Volume is 4,019.2 cm3

TECHNIQUES OF MEASURING VOLUME [Needs to be simulated]


Teacher – Let’s look at techniques of measuring volume.
These techniques depend on whether the sample one wants to measure is
liquid, solid or gas.

 Liquids [Needs to be simulated]


Litre is another unit for measuring the volume of liquids.
1 Litre (l) = 1 000 cm3 = 1 000 ml
This implies that 1 cm3 = 1 ml.
Activity: Look at water bottle below, can you identify the volume of
water in it?

We see it labelled one litre (1 L).


Several graduated apparatus such as graduated cylinder, burette or
pipette are used to measure volume of liquids in laboratory.
Teacher – Let’s look at measurement of volume of liquids using a
graduated cylinder.

This is a measuring cylinder graduated in mililitres (ml)


When reading the volume from a cylinder, the eyes should be placed
perpendicular to the graduated scale on the cylinder as shown below;
Teacher -The curve in the upper surface of the liquid is
called the meniscus. The meniscus can curve upward
(concave) or downward (convex) depending on the liquid and
the material of the cylinder. The volume of the liquid is read
at the top of the meniscus or at the bottom of the meniscus,
as illustrated in Figure above.

Students – Activity: Carry out the following task in groups


of four students. Fill a drinking cup with water and then pour
the water into a graduated measuring cylinder. Measure the
volume of water and record. What in the reading on the
cylinder?
Teacher – Let’s see what is the volume of water in a cylinder

below.
Teacher – Let’s take readings from the lower meniscus. The lower
meniscus give the volume of water in the above cylinder as 700 ml or 700
cm3.
To determine volume of water using a pipette. [Needs to be simulated]
A pipette is a cylindrical piece of laboratory apparatus graduated from top
downward to measure the volume of liquids.

Students- Activity: To measure volume of water using a


pipette.
Materials: Pipette, beaker, graduated cylinder, water
Procedure:
1. Pour 100 ml of water into a beaker
2. Transfer 25 ml of water from the beaker to a graduated
cylinder using a pipette.
3. Observe the meniscus of the water in the cylinder and
record its reading.
4. Record the volume of water in the graduated cylinder.

Questions:
(a) Compare the original volume of water in the pipette
with the volume of water in the cylinder and state your
observations.
(b) Is the volume of water transferred from the beaker
equal to reading in the cylinder? Explain.
(c) Discuss your findings.

Teacher – Conclusion: From our findings we see that,


The volume of water transferred into the measuring
cylinder equals the volume of the pipette. This is because
the volume of a liquid does not change, irrespective of
the apparatus used.

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