Disaster Preparedness &Planning Management

UNIT-I

Introduc on of Disaster:

Disaster:-

The word “Disaster” Comes in French& Greek Languages

➢ The meaning of Disaster means:

“Dis” means Bad ,”aster” means Star
➢ It is represen ng as Bad Star
➢ In Disaster means Something should be happened as Bad moments
Eg:-Earth quakes, Tsunami, Floods, coastal ooding, Ice Strom ,wild re ..etc
➢ It is a Sudden Event that causes a wide spread &Immeasurable damage, loss Destruc on
to life property, Livelihoods, Economy &Environment is a disaster
➢ A Disaster is a serious problem occurring over a short or long period of me that causes
widespread human, Material, Economic or environmental loss which Exceeds
➢ The ability of the a ected Community or Society to Cope using its own Resources
➢ The forward-looking to see the poten al of loss of life, Destruc on and damage in a
certain me frame
➢ It is dynamic that it can grow or shrink depending on our capacity to eliminate the
Vulnerability
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 Hazard:

Hazard means “May occur or something could happened”

The Hazard is a poten al threat to human life, property, or the Environment

The Hazard is a process, phenomenon or human ac vity that may cause loss of life Injury or
other health Impacts, Property Damage, Social and Economic Disrup on or Environmental
degrada on

Characteris cs of Hazard:

Floods:-

The oods are a hazard that can occur due to heavy rainfall or the failure of dams the
characteris cs of oods Include rapid onset, high water levels and fast moving water currents
that can cause damage to buildings &Infrastructure

EarthQuakes:-

The earthquakes are a hazard that can occur due to the movement of tectonic plates beneath
the earth’s surface, the characteris cs of earthquakes Include Sudden onset,ground shaking
&A ershocks that can cause damage to buildings& Infrastructure

Hurricanes:-

The Hurricanes are a hazard that can occur due to changes in atmospheric pressure& wind
pa erns in the ocean the characteris cs of hurricanes Include high winds, heavy rainfall thatcan
cause damage to buildings &Infrastructure

Wild res:-

The wild res are a hazard that can occur due to natural or human causes such as ligh ng
Strikes or careless, wild res Include fast Moving ames high Temperatures& Smoke that can
cause damage to buildings & Infrastructure

LandSlides:-

The Land slides are a hazard that can occur due to heavy rainfall earthquakes or changes in Soil
condi ons, the sudden onset Movement of Soil &the poten al for damage to
buildings&Infrastructure
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 Examples of Hazards:Earthquake, Flood, Wave ac on, Convec ve Storm, Tropical Cyclone, Ice-
Strom, wild re,drought…etc
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 Vulnerability:

The Vulnerability refers to the poten al for a person, group or community to su er harm or
damage as a result of a disaster, Those People’s are not able to face Disaster as well as not able
to respond as Disaster means very too poor people’s

The Vulnerability is in uenced by a range of factors, Including Socio economic status,

geographic loca on, age, health status, Disability , and access to resources and services

➢ The Vulnerability assessments are o en conducted to iden fy popula ons or areas that
may be more Suscep ble to nega ve impacts of a disaster
➢ This informa on can then be used to develop targeted Interven ons and strategies to
reduce Vulnerability and enhance resilience
➢ It helps ensure that resources and services are allocated equitably and that those who
are most at risk are given the necessary support to prepare for, respond to and recover
from Disasters
Characteris cs of Vulnerability as Follows
➢ People-Lives
➢ Health
➢ Security
➢ Living Condi ons property Services
➢ Physical property loss
➢ Loss of Use Economy
➢ Loss of products &Produc on
➢ Income
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 Resilience:-

The Resilience is the ability of Individuals, Communi es and Systems to adapt and recover from
the Impacts of Disasters, it will providing as backend suppor ng as food, shelter, clothes,
Money…..etc

The Resilience is the ability of a system, community or society Exposed to Hazards to Resist,
absorb, Accommodate to and recover from the e ects of a hazard in a mely and e cient
Manner, Including through the preserva on and Restora on of its essen al basic structure and
func ons

Characteris cs of Resilience:-

An cipa on:-

The Resilient Communi es an cipate poten al Disasters and take measures to prepare forthem

Example:-

Communi es located in areas prone to hurricanes may build stronger structures, create
emergency plans & stockpile Essen al Supplies

Flexibility:-

The Resilient systems are exible and able to adapt to changing circumstances,

Example:-

Emergency Response teams may adjust their strategies in real- me to address the evolving
needs of a ected communi es

Social Capital:-

The Resilient communi es have strong social networks and are able to work together
e ec vely during &a er disasters

Example:-

Neighbors may come together to help one another Evacuate, share Resources,or rebuild
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damage Infrastructure
 Redundancy:-

The Resilient Systems have redundant components that can serve as backups,If

primary Systems fail

Example:-

Hospitals may have backup generators to ensure that cri cal medical equipment con nues to
func on during power outages

Learning:-

The Resilient Systems learn from past disasters and use that knowledge to improve their
preparedness and Response in the future

Example:-

Emergency Management agencies may conduct post-disaster evalua ons to Iden fy areas for
Improvement and Implement changes to their protocols &Procedures ,By building resilience,
communi es can reduce the Impact of Disasters & Recover more quickly from their e ects

Risks Severity:-

The Risks Severity refers to the poten al impact and consequences of a par cular hazard or
Disaster event, it takes into account the extent to which the hazard or disaster can e ect
people, property, and the environment

The expected losses (lives lost, persons injured, damage to

Property and disrup on of economic ac vity) due to a par cular hazard.

Risk =hazard x vulnerability

Risk is a “measure of the expected losses due to a hazard event

occurring in a given area over a speci c me period. Risk is a func on of

The probability of par cular hazardous event and the losses each would
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 The severity of a risk is typically determined by assessing two main factors

1. Probability:-
This refers to the likelihood of the hazard or disaster occurring in a given loca on or
context
The probability of a hazard can be a ected by a range of factors, such as weather
pa erns, geological condi ons, and human ac vi es
2. Consequences:-
this refers to the extent of the impact that the hazard or disaster could have on people,
property, and the environment
the consequences of a disaster can range from minor damage to complete destruc onof
infrastructure and loss of life
➢ By combining these two factors, risk severity can be assessed and used to
priori ze disaster preparedness and planning e orts
➢ Example:-hazards with high probability and high consequence are considered to
have high risk severity and should be given more a en on in terms of
preparedness and planning e orts
➢ in addi on, it is important to note that risk severity can also be in uenced by
other factors such as Vulnerability &Exposure
➢ the vulnerability refers to the level of Suscep bility of a par cular popula on or
asst to the hazard or disaster while exposure refers to the degree to which the
popula on or asset is exposed to the hazard or disaster
➢ these factors should also be considered in risk severity assessments to develop
e ec ve disaster preparedness & planning Management system
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 There are di erent ways dealing as of Risk Severity:-

Risk Acceptance:-

It is an informed decision to accept the

possible consequences and likelihood of a

par cular risk.Risk Avoidance:-

It is an informed decision to avoid involvement in ac vi es

leading to risk realiza on.

Risk Reduc on:-

It is refers to the applica on of appropriate techniques to reduce the likelihood of risk occurrence and
its consequences.

Risk Transfer :-

It is involves shi ing of the burden of risk to another party,

One of the most common forms of risk transfer is Insurance.

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 Frequency &Details:-

It is an essen al aspect of disaster preparedness because, it helps in Iden fying the likelihood &
poten al Impact of a disaster

The understanding the frequency of Disasters helps in iden fying Vulnerable areas,
popula ons, and Infrastructure which are cri cal for developing e ec ve Disaster preparedness
Plans

➢ Basically, we have to iden fy the Geological condi ons as well as Danger zones
➢ Next we have to analysis the Damages of Par cular Factors like.
• Vulnerable people
• Popula on
• Infrastructure

We have to do proper planning as Before &A er Disaster

➢ Before Disaster, we have to take as precau ons &safety to build as strong construc on
➢ A er disaster, government ,helping organiza ons, Non-government agencies need to
provide as resources like food, clothes, shelter, nance

Disaster like earthquake, Tsunami, Floods, Ice Strom….etc

The frequency of disasters varies depending on the type of disaster &Geographical loca on

Disaster preparedness plans must take into account the frequency of disasters to ensure that
they are relevant and e ec ve

If the frequency of a par cular disaster is high, then it is cri cal to develop plans that are robust&
scalable to address the poten al Impact of the Disaster

On the Other hand, details in Disaster preparedness &Planning management refers to the
various aspects of disaster preparedness plans that need to be considered details can Include
various Elements such as risk assessments, Evacua on plans, communica on plans, resource
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 Alloca on, &Recovery Plans
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 ➢ The e ec ve disaster preparedness plans must consider all the essen al details
to ensure that they are comprehensive and able to address all poten al Impacts
of a Disaster, Details can vary depending on the Type of disaster, The loca on
and the popula on that is likely to be a ected
Characteris cs of Disaster preparedness plans must also be considered to ensure
they are e ec ve,

Some of the cri cal characteris cs of e ec ve disaster preparedness plans Include

Flexibility:-

The Disaster preparedness plans must be exible and adaptable to address the ever-changing
nature of Disasters

Scalability:-

The disaster preparedness plans must be Scalable to address the poten al Impact of a disaster
on a large Scale

Inclusiveness:-

Disaster preparedness plans must be Inclusive to ensure that all popula ons Including
Vulnerable are marginalized groups are Considered

Co-ordina on:-

The Disaster preparedness plans must be Co-ordinates a Involve all Stakeholders

Included communica on plans that enable e ec ve communica on before, during &a er a

disaster

By considering the frequency, details and characteris cs of disaster preparedness plans

It is possible to develop e ec ve &comprehensive plans that can help reduce the Impact of
Disasters on Individuals, communi es &Society as a whole
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 Capacity :-

The capacity refers to the ability of Individuals, Organiza ons, & Communi es to e ec vely
respond to disasters Including the resources, Skills &Systems needed to an cipate prevent
&Mi gate the Impact of Disasters

Capacity building in disaster Preparedness &Planning Management Involves developing and

Enhancing these resources, Skills, and Systems through training Programs, Planning Exercises
Communica on networks

Characteris cs of Capacity:-

Risk Assessment:-

The rst step in disaster preparedness &planning Management is conduct a risk assessment to
Iden fy Poten al hazards, Vulnerabili es & risks to the Community or organiza on

This Involves analyzing the likelihood and poten al Impact of Disasters, Including natural
Disasters, &Manmade Disaster technological hazards, &human-Induced Disasters

Planning & Response:-

The Disaster preparedness and planning Management Involves developing and Implemen ng
plans &Procedures for responding to Disasters, This includes Iden fying roles &responsibili es
establishing communica on networks, Emergency Supplies and conduc ng Simula ons &drills

Collabora on & Co-ordina on:-

The e ec ve Disaster Preparedness and planning Management requires Collabora on &

Co-ordina on between various Stakeholders, Including local Authori es Emergency Services,

Non-governmental organiza ons, Community Members

This Involves building rela onships, Sharing Informa on and working together to ensure a
Co-ordinated response to Disasters

Training &Educa on:-

The Disaster Preparedness &planning training and educa on to Individuals, Organiza ons,
&communi es to enhance their Capacity to Respond to Disasters
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 This Includes providing Informa on on Disaster risks and preven on, developing skills in
Emergency response &raising awareness of Disaster preparedness Strategies

Evalua on &Improvement:-

The Disaster preparedness &Planning Management Involves Con nually Evalua ng &Improving
Disaster Preparedness plans &Response capabili es

This Involves assessing the e ec veness of response plans &procedures Iden fying areas for
Improvement and Incorpora ng lessons learned from previous Disasters overall e ec ve
disaster preparedness & planning Management requires ongoing e ort& collabora on
between various Stakeholders

Impact:-

The impact refers to the e ect or Consequence of a disaster on people, Infrastructure,

environment , and the economy Disaster Preparedness planning and Management aim to
Mi gate

The Impact of disasters by Iden fying and assessing poten al hazards, developing
plans&Implemen ng strategies to reduce risks &Vulnerabili es

Characteris cs of Impact:-

Reduc on in Loss of Life:-

One of the primary Impacts of Disaster primary Impacts of Disaster preparedness planning and
Management is a reduc on in the loss of life

Early warning Systems, Evacua on plans, and emergency response procedures can save lives

Protec on of Infrastructure:-

The Disaster preparedness planning &management can protect cri cal Infrastructure such as
buildings, roads, bridges &power sta ons, reducing the risk of damage &long-term Economic
Impacts

Increased Resilience:-

The disaster preparedness planning &management can Improve a community’s resilience in the
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face of Disasters
 It can help reduce the Impact of Disasters Decrease recovery me &Enhance the communitys
ability to cope with future events

Cost Savings:-

The e ec ve Disaster preparedness planning& management can save costs associated with
emergency response &post-Disaster recovery

Improved Social Cohesion:-

The Disaster preparedness planning &management can faster social cohesion &community
resilience bringing people together to prepare for and respond to disasters

Examples of impact of

DisastersHuman Impact:-

Example1:-The Disasters can cause Injuries, deaths &displacement of people for Instance the
“Hai Earthquake”as westIndain(Island) in 2010 resulted in over 2,20,000 deaths

Example2:-Recent, Turkey &Syria deaths overall in 51,700 deaths

Economic Impact:-

The Disasters can cause signi cant damage to infrastructure, businesses &the economy

Example:-Hurricane Katrina as Neworlean’s in 2005 caused over $100 Billion in damages

&resulted in Job losses, business closures & signi cant Economic

Environmental Impact:-

The disasters can also have a severe Impact on the Environment, Including air &water quality,
wildlife &Ecosystems.

The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill(Oil Spills occur when petroleum oil is released into ocean
following accidents, such as vessels crashing or damage &problems with oil pla orms &drilling)
in 2010 caused Extensive Damage to marine Ecosystems &Impacted the livelihoods of coastal
communi es

The E ec ve Disaster preparedness planning &management can help reduce the impact of
Disasters on Society
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 Preven on:-

Preven on is one of the most important aspects of disaster preparedness and management

It involves taking proac ve measures to reduce the risk of disasters and minimize their
poten al impact

Some of the key characteris cs of preven on in disaster management Include:

Risk Assessment:-

The preven on involves assessing the poten al risks and vulnerabili es that exist in a
community or region

➢ To Iden fy the Dangerous Zone as Vulnerabili es, heavy popula on

&Infrastructure
➢ We have to conduct as awareness sessions to public, students, &uneducated
guys also
➢ When disaster or hazard may be happened following as planning preparedness
providing as food, shelter, water, money , Medical treatment, Medicines…etc

This includes iden fying natural hazards, such as oods or earthquakes, as well as human-made
hazards, Infrastructure failure such as terrorism, res, Structural Collapse bridges, Airplane
crashes,wars…etc

Example:-

A city in a high-risk earthquake zone may conduct a seismic risk assessment to iden fy
vulnerable buildings and infrastructure and take steps to reinforce them

Educa on and awareness:-

The preven on also involves educa ng the public and raising awareness about the poten al
risks and hazards they may face

This can include providing informa on on how to prepare for disasters and how to respond
during an emergency

Example:-

A community may conduct public educa on campaigns on how to prepare for hurricanes
including crea ng emergency kits and developing evacua on plans
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 Planning and preparedness:-

The Preven on involves developing plans and taking preparedness measures to reduce the
impact of disasters, this includes establishing emergency response procedures and conduc ng
regular drills to test their preparedness

Example:-

A hospital May develop an Emergency preparedness plan that Includes Stock Piling Medical
Supplies, Training Sta on emergency response Procedures &Conduc ng regular drills to test
their preparedness

Infrastructure and Building standards:-

The preven on involves establishing building codes and infrastructure standards to reduce the
risk of damage and loss during disasters

Example:-

A city may establish building codes that require new buildings to be constructed to withstand
high winds or earthquakes, reducing the risk of structural damage during a disaster

Environmental Management:-

The Preven on also involves managing the environment to reduce the risk of disasters

This includes measures such as reducing deforesta on, improving water management and
mi ga ng the e ects of climate change

Example:-

A community may develop a plan to plant trees and vegeta on in areas at risk of landslides
reducing the risk of soil erosion and landslides during heavy rainstorms overall, preven on is
crucial aspect of Disaster preparedness &management ,It requires a proac ve approach that
Involves assessing risks, educa ng the public, Planning& preparing establishing Standards
&managing the Environment
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 MITIGATION:-

Mi ga on is a crucial component of Disaster preparedness &planning Management, aimed at

reducing the Impact of Disasters on people, property &the Environment

The following are the characteris cs of Mi ga on &some examples

Proac ve Approach:-

The Mi ga on is a proac ve approach that focuses on preven ng or reducing the risk of

disasters before they occur

Example:- the Building codes &standards are designed to ensure that buildings are constructed
to with stand natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes & oods

Long-Term Strategy:-

The Mi ga on is a long-term strategy that Involves on going e orts to reduce the risk of
disasters

Example:- plan ng trees &vegeta on in ood-prone areas can reduce the risk of ooding
over me

Cost-e ec ve:-

The Mi ga on is a cost-e ec ve approach to Disaster Management

It is o en less Expensive to prevent or reduce the risk of Disasters than to respond to and
recover from them

Example:-

Installing re Alarms &sprinklers in Building can prevent or reduce the damage caused by res

Comprehensive:-

The Mi ga on is a comprehensive approach that Involves Mul ple Strategies &Ac ons

Example:-

A Comprehensive Mi ga on plan for a Coastal city may Include Building Sea walls, crea ng
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 Evacua on Plans, &Inves ng in early Warning Systems

Community-Based:-
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 The Mi ga on is a community based approach that Involves the par cipa on of local
communi es in Disaster Preparedness &Planning Management

Example:-

A Community based Mi ga on plan may Involve educa ng residents on how to prepare for and
respond to disasters

Sustainable:-

Mi ga on is a Sustainable approach that takes into account the Environmental, social&

economic Impacts of Disaster Management

Example:-

Building green Infrastructure like rain gardens and permeable payment can Mi gate the Impact
of Urban ooding while also Providing Environment &Economic bene ts

➢ The e ec ve Mi ga on Strategies can Signi cantly reduce the Impact of Disasters on

people, Property &the Environment
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