Number Theory

1. 8  2 15  8  2 15 is

(a) 2 5 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 5

Ans: (c)

Sol: We have, 8  2 15  8  2 15

 3   2 5  3  ( 5)   3 
2 2
 ( 5) 2  2
2 5 3

  5 3    5  3   2 3  12

 1 1 1 
2. If pqr  1, then the value of  1
 1
 1 
 1 p  q 1 q  r 1 r  p 
1
(a) 0 (b) pq (c) 1 (d)
pq
Ans: (c)
Sol: We have, pqr  1
1 1 1
1
 1

1 p  q 1 q  r 1  r  p 1
1 pqr 1 pr 1 p
 1
  1
  1

1 p  q pqr 1  q  r pr 1  r  p p
1 pr p 1  p  pr
    1
1  p  pr pr  1  p p  pr  1 1  p  pr
3. If x, y and z are positive real numbers and a, b & c are rational numbers, then

1 1 1
value of ba ca
 a b c b
 bc
is
1 x x 1 x x 1 x  x a c
Ans: (b)
1 1 1
Sol: We have, b c
 a c
 b
x x x x x xa
1 a  a 1 b  b 1 c  c
x x x x x x
 xa xb xc
  
x a  xb  x c xb  x a  x c x c  x a  xb
x a  xb  x c
 1
x a  xb  x c
15
4. The value of will be (given that: 5  2.236 and
10  20  40  5  80

10  3.162)

(a) 5.938 (b) 5.398 (c) 5.839 (d) 5.983

Ans: (b) we have,
15
Sol:
10  20  40  5  80
15 15
 
10  2 5  2 10  5  4 5 3 10  3 5


5


5 10  5
 10  5

10  5 10  5
 3.162  2.236  5.398
(0.7)0  (0.1) 1
5. The value of 1 3 1
3  3  1
     
8  2  3
3 2
(a)  (b) (c) 3 (d) 2
2 3
Ans: (a)
(0.7)0  (0.1) 1
Sol: We have, 1 3 1
3  3  1
     
8  2  3
1
1
 0.1  1  10  9   3
 3 93
8 27 6 2
3 8
4 3
6. If x and y rational number such that  x  y 3 , find the value of x and y
4 3
(a) x  7 , y  4 (b) x  3, y  4
 (c) x  7 , y  3 (d) x  4 , y  7
Ans: (a)

4 3 4  3 4  3  2 12 7  2 12
Sol:   
4 3 4 3 43 1

 7  2 12  7  2  2 3

74 3  x y 3
On comparing both side, we get
x  7 and y  4

7. If 13  a 10  8  5 then value of a will be:

(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 5
Ans: (b)

Sol: We have, 13  a 10  8  5
Squaring both sides, we get
13  a 10  8  5  2 40  13  4 10
 a  4

(0.03) 2  (0.01) 2
8. The value of is
0.03  0.01
(a) 0.02 (b) 0.004 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.04
Ans: (d)
Sol: We have,
(0.03) 2  (0.01)2 (0.03  0.01)(0.03  0.01)
  0.04
0.03  0.01 (0.03  0.01)

9. If x, y , z are real number such that x  1  y  2  z  3  0 then the value of x, y , z are

respectively
(a) 1, 2,3 (b) 0,0,0 (c) 2, 3,1 (d) 2, 4,1
Ans: (a)
Sol: We have, x  1  y  2  z  3  0

 x  1  0, y  2  0 and z 3  0
 x  1, y  2, z  3
 1  a4
10. If a  5  2 6 then 
a2

(a) 4 6 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 2 6 \

Ans: (b)

Sol: We have, a  5  2 6
1 1
 a 2  5  2 6 and 
5 2 6
2
a

1 52 6
   52 6
a 2 25  24
1  a4 1
Now,  2  a 2  5  2 6  5  2 6  10
a2 a
a3 b3
11. The sum of and is
ba a b
(a) a 2  ab  b 2 (b) a 2  ab  b2 (c) a 2  ab  b2 (d) a 3  b3
Ans: (b)

a3 b3  a3 b3 
Sol We have,     
ba a b  a b a b 
1
 (a  b)(a 2  b 2  ab)   a 2  b 2  ab
( a  b)
12. Which of the following are irrational numbers?

(i) 2 3 (ii) 4  25 (iii) 3

5 7 (iv) 6 3 8
(a) (i), (ii) (b) (iii), (iv) (c) (i), (iii) (d) (i), (iii), (iv)
Ans: (d)

Sol: 2  3 , 3 5  7 and 6  3 8 are irrational numbers.

Since, 4  25  4  5  9  3
So, it is not an irrational number.
1 1
13. Express 1   in the form a  b 3 , where a and b are rational numbers, then the values
1 3 1 3
of a and b are
(a) 1, 2 (b) 1,  1 (c) 3,1 (d) 2, 1
Ans: (b)
1 1
Sol We have, 1  
1 3 1 3


1  3 1  3   1  3   1  3   1  3  1  3  1  3
1   3  1 3
2 2

 1 3  a  b 3

 a  1, b   3
m n
 1  1
a   a  
Simplify: 
b  b
14. m n
 1  1
b   b  
 a  a
m n m n m/ n mn
a a b b
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
b b a a
Ans: (b)
m n
 1  1
a   a  
Sol:  b  b
m n
 1  1
b   b  
 a  a

 ab  1   ab  1 
m n

    m n mn
 b   b  a a a
   
     
 ab  1   ab  1  b b b
m n

   
 a   a 

If (1)  (1)  0, then n is

n 4n
15.
(a) Any positive integer (b) Any negative integer
(c)Any odd natural number (d) Any even natural number
Ans: (c)
Sol: (1) n  (1) 4 n  0  (1) n  1  0

So, (1) n should be 1.

Thus, n is any odd natural number.

16. Statements A: The rationalizing factor of 3

a  3 b is 3 a  3 b .
 Statements B: The product of  3

a  3 b and  3

a 2  3 b 2  3 ab is (a  b)

(a) Both A and B statements are true

(b) Both A and B statements are false
(c) A is true and B is false
(d) A is false and B is true
Ans: (d)
Sol: The rationalizing factor of a1/3  b1/3 is a 2/3  (ab)1/3  b 2/3
So, statement A is false.
Now, (a1/3  b1/3 ) ( a 2/3  b 2/3  (ab)1/3 )

 a  a1/3b 2/3  a 2/3b1/3  a 2/3b1/3  b  a1/3b 2/3  a  b

So, statement B Is true.
1
17. If x2  64, then x 3  x 0  _________

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) 2

2 3
Ans: (c)
Sol: x 2  64
2
1 1
    64 ( a 1 
x a
1
  8
x
1
 x
8
1
1 13 1 3
 for x  , x  x 0     1 ( x 0  1
8 8
1
 1
2

3
2
1
1 13  1  3
For x  , x  x 0     1
8  8 
 1
 1
2

1
2
Hence option (c) is correct

18. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then 5

3125 a10 b5 c10 is equal to

(a) 5a2bc2 (b 25 ab2c (c) 5 a 3bc 3 (d) 125 a 2 bc 2

Ans: (a)
1
Sol: 5
3125 a10 b 5 c10  (3125  a10  b 5  c10 ) 5

1 1 1 1
 (3125) 5  ( a10 ) 5  (b5 ) 5  (c10 ) 5

10 5 10
 (55 )1/5  a 5  b 5  c 5

 5  a2  b  c2
 5 a 2bc 2

Hence 5
3125 a10 b5 c10  5a 2bc 2

19. m 4 n 4  6 m 2 n 2  3 m 2 n 2  (m . n) k , then find the value of k.

(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
Ans: (b)

Sol: We have, m 4 n 4  6 m 2 n 2  3 m 2 n 2  (m . n) k
4 2 2 4 2 2
   
m 2 6 3
n 2 6 3
 ( m n) k

 m3 n3  m k n k  k  3

20. If x  4 16  4 625 then what is x?

(a) 7 (b) 29 (c) 12 (d) 5
Ans: (a)
1 1
Sol: We have, x  4 16  4 625  (2 4 ) 4  (54 ) 4  2  5  7

If 4  4  24, them (2 x) equals

x x1 x
21.

(a) 5 5 (b) 5 (c) 25 5 (d) 125

Ans: (c)
Sol: 4 x  4 x1  24
x
4
 4x   24
4
3
 4 x    24
4
 4 x  32

 (22 x )  25

 2x  5 ( a m  a n  m  n)

x 5
2
5
x  5 2
 (2 x)   2 
 2
5
5 2

 25 5
Hence option C is correct

  1  
1
1 1 1 1
22. If 2 m   , then (4 m
) 2
  m   is equal to
2m 4 14  5  

1 1
(a) (b) 2 (c) 4 (d)
2 4
Ans: (a)
1 1
Sol: 2 m  m

2 4
1 1 1
 m
 m 
2 2 4
2
 1  1
 m  
2  4
1 1
 
2m 2
 m 1


 1   1  1 2  1  
1 1
1 1
Therefore (4 )   m     4    
m 2
14  5   14   5  
 1 1
2  5 (a 1 
14 a
1
7
14
1

2
Hence option (a) is correct

2m n a 2mn p
1
3p
23. If n  m  16, n  81 and a  210 , then  _________
 a m2n2 p 
1
2 3

1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 9 (d)
4 8
Ans: (a)
2m  n
Sol: nm
 16
2
am
 2m  n  n  m  16 (  a mn
an
 22 m  16

 22 m  24
 2m  4
m  2

3p
Now  81
3n
 3 p  n  34
 pn  4
Therefore

  1 22  (4)
10
2mn p 2
a

a 
m  2 n  2 p 1
 
1 1
10 2  24
(2 )
 1
10 0
(2 )

 
1 1
10 10
(2 )

1

21

2
Hence option (a) in correct

x 8 x 3 27 x
24. If 3 3   1, then find the value of x.
729 729 5832
(a) 1 (b) 8 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans: (b)

x 8 x 3 27 x
Sol: Given, 3 3  1
729 729 5832
1 1
x 3 (23 x) 3 (33 x)1/3
 3 1/3  1
 1
1
(9 ) 3 3
(9 ) 3 3
(18 )
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 3 2 x 3 3x 3 2x 3
 4 x 3  3x 3
   1  1
9 9 18 18
1
9x 3 1
 1  x 3  2  x 8
18
32 x 6 52
25. If  , then the value of ' x ' will be :
225 5 x
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) None of these
Ans: (a)
32 x  6 52
Sol: We have, 2 2  x
 32 x  6  5 x  32  54

3 5 5

On comparing, we get x  4