DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Application Guide

Photovoltaic System Template

PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA
 DIgSILENT GmbH

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72810 - Gomaringen
Germany

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No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means
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Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 1

Contents

Contents

1 Introduction 3

2 How to use this Template 3

3 Model Description 3

4 How to Customize the Model 5

4.1 Load Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4.2 Short Circuit (VDE / IEC / ANSI / complete) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4.3 Dynamic Simulation (RMS/EMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

References 8

List of Figures 9

List of Tables 10

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 2

3 Model Description

1 Introduction

This document describes the photovoltaic system template PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA
that is delivered with PowerFactory 14.1. The template is a generic model for a photovoltaic
system. It represents the grid side converter and the photovoltaic cell (modelled in DSL). The
model represents one photovoltaic system with a rated apparent power of 0.5 MVA it is three
phase connected on 0.4 kV voltage level. The BESS model could be used for

• Load Flow Studies

• Stability Studies (RMS)
• Transient Studies (EMT)

• Balanced and unbalanced simulations (however control is implemented for the positive
sequence only)

For dynamic simulation is a variable step size possible. The minimum step size or the fix step
size should be lower than 5ms.

2 How to use this Template

PowerFactory contains pre-defined templates of dynamic models for different generic wind tur-
bines, photovoltaic generators and a battery energy storing system. Using the templates is
simple, just click on the General Templates button ( ) and select the desired template in the
following window. Thereafter you could place the model in the single line diagram. For this you
have to click one time in the single line diagram, this shows the model connected to the mouse
pointer a second click creates a new model of the selected template in the single line diagram.
Each dynamic model consists of some elements in the single line diagram (mostly a terminal
with a generator) plus a composite model, which is located in the recording grid.

After you placed all models in the single line diagram you have to close the selection window
with the templates, this terminates the template inserting.

Do not delete the terminal to which the generator is connected - this would destroy the mea-
surement points of all measurement devices (located in the corresponding composite model).

You could delete a placed model directly by pressing the undo button ( ) or you could delete
the model also manually. If you want to delete a model manually you have to mind that the
model consists of visible elements in the single line diagram and also of a composite model
which is only visible in the Data Manager.

3 Model Description

The photovoltaic system is in the single line diagram represented by a static generator [1]. The
models of the controllers as well as the photovoltaic cell are collected in a composite model
Photovoltaic System. This composite model for the control could be found either through the
link Plant Model on the Basic Data page of the static generator or with the Data Manger in the
used grid.

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 3

3 Model Description

The composite model Photovoltaic System is created from the frame definition Frame PV Sys-
tem this frame is shown in Figure 3.1.

The single slots are briefly described in Table 3.1. Each slot could be filled with either a DSL-
model, a measurement device or a PowerFactory element, such as a static generator. All mea-
surement devices are connected either to the terminal or to the cubicle, which connects the
generator with the terminal. This approach ensures that all measurement devices are correctly
connected after entering the model using the template.

Slot Name Description Needed Type

∗
Static Generator Representation of the inverter in the single .ElmGenstat
line diagram
∗
Photovoltaic Model DSL model of the PV cell .ElmDsl
∗
DC Busbar and DSL representation of the DC system (in not .ElmDsl
Capacitor Model included in the static generator model)
∗
Controller Control unit, regulates the DC voltage and .ElmDsl
the reactive power
∗
PowerMeasurement Power measurement device, needed for .StaPqmea
control feedback
∗
AC Voltage AC voltage measurement device, needed for .StaVmea
fault detection
∗
PhaseMeasurement PLL, needed for voltage angle measurement, .ElmPhi pll
input to the static generator
∗
ActivePowerReduction DSL model with power reduction logic in .ElmDsl
case of over frequency
∗
Slow Frequ PLL, with slow settings for measuring the .ElmPhi pll
Measurement frequency
∗
Solar Radiation Slot for radiation model (filled with inactive .ElmDsl
ramp model in the template)
∗
Temperature Slot for temperature model (filled with .ElmDsl
inactive ramp model in the template)

Table 3.1: Frame description

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4 How to Customize the Model

Figure 3.1: Frame Definition Frame PV System (∗ .BlkDef)

4 How to Customize the Model

You will find in this chapter a description how you could configure the model from the tem-
plate according to your specific needs. The configuration is sorted to the calculation functions
because there are fewer configurations needed for load flow calculation than for a dynamic
simulation.

The model is generic and therefore completely open - you could configure it according to your
needs. Following you will find a short manual for changing some settings of the PV-system. The
PV-system consists in the single line diagram of a static generator (the inverter) and of some
DSL models, all glued together in the composite model Photovoltaic System.

4.1 Load Flow

Changing the rated (peak) power

The rated power is for the load flow model only defined by the static generator data. If you
want to change the rated power you have to change this on the basic data page of the static
generator (don’t forget to change also the power setpoint on the load flow page).

Changing the active power power output

The active power is for the load flow model only defined by the static generator data. If you want
to change the active power you have to change this on the load flow page of the static generator
(don’t forget to change also the rated power on the basic data page, point above).

Changing the nominal AC voltage

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 5

4 How to Customize the Model

You could also change the nominal voltage of the converter if your PV-system has a different
nominal grid side voltage. The only modification you have to do is changing the nominal voltage
of the terminal to which the static generator is connected.

Note: There is no saturation considered. It is assumed that the DC voltage is all the time high
enough.

4.2 Short Circuit (VDE / IEC / ANSI / complete)

The short circuit behaviour of the model is also completely determined by the element settings.
There are therefore no changes in the dynamic model parts necessary. It is important to note
that the standard short circuit methods could not give precise results for a controlled PV-system.
For results that are more precise are dynamic simulations needed.

4.3 Dynamic Simulation (RMS/EMT)

The main purpose of the model created with the template is of course the dynamic simulation.
The great advantage of using a template for creating the PV-model is that all measurement
points are already correct defined and all common models are already configured.

The model is generic and therefore completely open - you could configure it according to your
needs. Following you will find a short manual for changing some settings of the PV-system.

Changing the rated (peak) power

The rated (peak) power is for the load flow model only defined by the static generator data. If
you want to change the rated power for RMS simulation you have to change this on the basic
data page, on the load flow page of the static generator and in the dynamic model. Open the
composite model Photovoltaic system via the plant model link on the basic data page of the
static generator:

The second row in the composite model contains the PV-array model (this is a model of the
photovoltaic cell). You have to change in this model the number of parallel modules (parameter
nParallelModules) for adjusting the rated power of the whole model. One module has a rated
peak power of 3.2 kW. The initial model has a rated peak power of 448kW - this corresponds to
a numer of 140 parallel modules.

Changing the active power power output

The active power is for the load flow model only defined by the static generator data. If you want
to change the active power you have to change this on the load flow page of the static generator
(don’t forget to change also the rated power on the basic data page, point above). The radiation
is a result of the value entered on the load flow page of the static generator. The radiation is
1000W/m2 if the active power is 3.2 kW per module.

Changing the nominal AC voltage

You could also change the nominal voltage of the converter if your PV-system has a different
nominal grid side voltage. The only modification you have to do is changing the nominal voltage
of the terminal to which the static generator is connected.

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 6

4 How to Customize the Model

Note: There is no saturation considered. It is assumed that the DC voltage is all the time high
enough.

Disable reactive current support

You could also disable the reactive current support if the PV-system in your project has not this
feature. The fastest way to do this is to remove or disable the AC voltage measurement:

1. Open the composite model Photovoltaic System. To find the correct composite model (if
you have more than one) you could double click on the static generator in the single line
diagram. On the basic data page is a link to the composite model:

2. Select the Voltage Measurement and either disable the measurement or remove it from
the composite model.

After these changes will the PV system generate all the time the reactive current given from the
load flow initialization.

Changing the reactive current support during faults

The PV-model contains also a reactive current support characteristic. This characteristic is
activated during over- or undervoltage conditions (Figure 4.1). The parameter of the deadband
as well as the parameter for the slope (droop) could be changed in the Controller.

Figure 4.1: Reactive current support during voltage disturbances

1. Open the composite model Photovoltaic System. To find the correct composite model (if
you have more than one) you could double click on the static generator in the single line
diagram. On the basic data page is a link to the composite model:

2. Open in the composite model the Controller and make the changes according to your
needs.

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 7

References

References

[1] DIgSILENT GmbH, Heinrich-Hertz-Strasse 9, 72810 Gomaringen / Germany. Technical

Reference Static Generator, 2010.

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 8

List of Figures

List of Figures

3.1 Frame Definition Frame PV System (∗ .BlkDef) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4.1 Reactive current support during voltage disturbances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 9

List of Tables

List of Tables

3.1 Frame description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 10

List of Tables

Photovoltaic System Template (PhotovoltaicSystem 0.4kV 0.5MVA) 11