Republic of the Philippines

BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Tel:038-4113289 Telfax:038-5017516
6300 Tagbilaran City
Vision: A premier S&T university for the formation of world class and virtuous human resource for sustainable
development in Bohol and the Country.
Mission: Committed to provide quality and innovative education in strategic sectors for the development of Bohol and
the Country.

ME REFRESHER COURSE 2
ELEMENTS HANDOUT 1

CHAPTER 1: THERMODYNAMICS PART 1

1. Enthalpy of an ideal gas is a function only of _____________.

A. Entropy
B. Internal energy
C. Temperature
D. Pressure
Answer: C
2. Which of the following is the most efficient thermodynamic cycle?
A. Brayton
B. Otto
C. Carnot
D. Diesel
Answer: C
3. What is the first law of thermodynamics?
A. Internal energy is due to molecular motions
B. Entropy of the universe is increased by irreversible processes
C. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
D. Heat energy cannot be completely transformed into work
Answer: C
4. An ideal gas is compressed isothermally. What is the enthalpy change?
A. Always negative
B. Always positive
C. Zero
D. Undefined
Answer: C
5. Name the process that has no heat transfer.
A. Isothermal
B. Isobaric
C. Polytropic
D. Adiabatic
Answer: D
6. An ideal gas is compressed in a cylinder so well insulated that there is essentially no heat transfer. The
temperature of the gas
A. decreases
B. increases
C. remain constant
D. is zero
Answer: B
7. What is the SI unit of pressure?
A. kg / (cm2)
B. dynes / (cm2)
C. Pascal
D. Psi
Answer: C
8. The equation Cp = Cv + R applies to which of the following?
A. enthalpy
B. ideal gas
C. two phase states
D. all pure substances
Answer: B
9. In the flow process, neglecting kinetic and potential energies, the integral of Vdp represents what?
A. heat transfer
B. flow energy
C. enthalpy change
 D. shaft work
Answer: D
10. Mechanical energy of pressure transformed into energy of heat.
A. Kinetic energy
B. Enthalpy
C. Heat exchanger
D. Heat of compression
Answer: B
11. The theory of changing heat into mechanical work.
A. Thermodynamics
B. Kinematics
C. Inertia
D. Kinetics
Answer: A
12. Average pressure on a surface when a changing pressure condition exist.
A. Back pressure
B. Partial pressure
C. Pressure drop
D. Mean effective pressure
Answer: D
13. Which of the following cycles consists two isothermal and two constant volume processes?
A. Diesel cycle
B. Ericsson cycle
C. Stirling cycle
D. Otto cycle
Answer: C
14. A control volume refers to what?
A. A fixed region in space
B. A reversible process
C. An isolated system
D. A specified mass
Answer: A
15. In the polytropic process, PVn = constant, if the value of n is infinitely large, the process is
A. Isobaric
B. Isometric
C. Isothermal
D. Polytropic
Answer: B
16. If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, then
the working medium must be:
A. Compressed liquid
B. Subcooled liquid
C. Saturated vapor
D. Saturated liquid
Answer: A
17. Is one whose temperature is below the saturation temperature corresponding to its pressure.
A. Superheated vapor
B. Wet vapor
C. Subcooled liquid
D. Saturated liquid
Answer: C
18. Number of molecules in a mole of any substance is a constant called ________.
A. Rankine constant
B. Avogadro’s number
C. Otto constant
D. Thompson constant
Answer: B
19. If the pressure of a gas is constant, the volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
A. Boyle’s law
B. Joule’s law
C. Charles’ law
D. Kelvin’s law
Answer: C
20. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom or the number of electrons in the orbit of an atom.
A. Atomic volume
B. Atomic number
C. Atomic weight
D. Atomic mass
Answer: B
21. In a P-T diagram of a pure substance, the curve separating the solid phase from the liquid phase is:
 A. vaporization curve
B. fusion curve
C. boiling point
D. sublimation point
Answer: B
22. A water temperature of 18°F in the water cooled condenser is equivalent in °C to _______.
A. 7.78
B. 10
C. 263.56
D. -9.44
Answer: B
23. The latent heat of vaporization in Joules per kg is equal to ______.
A. 5.4 x 102
B. 4.13 x 103
C. 22.6 x 105
D. 3.35 x 105
Answer: C
24. Form of energy associated with the kinetic energy of the random motion of large number of molecules.
A. Internal energy
B. kinetic energy
C. Heat of fusion
D. Heat
Answer: D
25. If the temperature is held constant and the pressure is increased beyond the saturation pressure, then,
the working medium must be:
A. saturated vapor
B. compressed liquid
C. saturated liquid
D. subcooled liquid
Answer: B
26. Is the condition of pressure and temperature at which a liquid and its vapor are indistinguishable.
A. Critical point
B. Dew point
C. Absolute humidity
D. Relative humidity
Answer: A
27. When a substance in gaseous state is below the critical temperature, it is called ________.
A. Vapor
B. Cloud
C. Moisture
D. Steam
Answer: A
28. Superheated vapor behaves
A. just as gas
B. just as steam
C. just as ordinary vapor
D. approximately as a gas
Answer: D
29. Which of the following provides the basis for measuring thermodynamic property of temperature?
A. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
B. First law of thermodynamics
C. Second law of thermodynamics
D. Third law of thermodynamics
Answer: A
30. Which of the following is commonly used as liquid absorbent?
A. Silica gel
B. Activated alumina
C. Ethylene glycol
D. None of these
Answer: C
31. Mechanism designed to lower the temperature of air passing through it.
A. Air cooler
B. Air defense
C. Air spill over
D. Air cycle
Answer: A
32. A device for measuring the velocity of wind.
A. Aneroid barometer
B. Anemometer
C. Anemoscope
 D. Anemograph
Answer: B
33. Heat normally flowing from a high temperature body to a low temperature body wherein it is impossible
to convert heat without other effects.
A. First law of thermodynamics
B. Second law of thermodynamics
C. Third law of thermodynamics
D. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
Answer: B
34. The temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid.
A. Absolute humidity
B. Calorimetry
C. Boiling point
D. Thermal point
Answer: C
35. A nozzle is used to
A. increase velocity and decrease pressure
B. decrease velocity as well as pressure
C. increase velocity as well as pressure
D. decrease velocity and increase pressure
Answer: A
36. The sum of the energies of all the molecules in a system where energies appear in several complex
form.
A. Kinetic energy
B. Potential energy
C. Internal energy
D. Frictional energy
Answer: C
37. The total energy in a compressible or incompressible fluid flowing across any section in a pipeline is a
function of
A. Pressure and velocity
B. Pressure, density and velocity
C. Pressure, density, velocity and viscosity
D. Flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum and internal energy
Answer: D
38. The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of some standard substance.
A. Relative density
B. Specific gravity
C. Specific density
D. Relative gravity
Answer: B
39. Is one whose pressure is higher than the saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature.
A. Compressed liquid
B. Saturated liquid
C. Saturated vapor
D. Superheated vapor
Answer: A
40. The changing of solid directly to vapor without passing through the liquid state is called
A. Evaporation
B. Vaporization
C. Sublimation
D. Condensation
Answer: C
41. Weight per unit volume is termed as _______.
A. Specific gravity
B. Density
C. Weight density
D. Specific volume
Answer: C
42. What is the SI unit of force?
A. Pound
B. Newton
C. Kilogram
D. Dyne
Answer: B
43. The volume of fluid passing a cross-section of steam in unit time.
A. Steady flow
B. Uniform flow
C. Discharge
D. Continuous flow
 Answer: C
44. What equation applies in the first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas in a reversible open steady-
state system?
A. Q – W = U2 – U1
B. Q + VdP = H2 – H1
C. Q – VdP = U2 – U1
D. Q – PdV = H2 – H1
Answer: B
45. A pressure of 1 millibar is equal to
A. 1000 dynes / (cm2)
B. 1000 cm of Hg
C. 1000 psi
D. 1000 kg / (cm2)
Answer: A
46. When a system deviates infinitesimally from equilibrium at every instant of its state, it is undergoing:
A. isobaric process
B. quasi-static process
C. isometric process
D. cyclic process
Answer: B
47. What is the force which tends to draw a body toward the center about which it is rotating?
A. Centrifugal force
B. Centrifugal in motion
C. Centrifugal advance
D. Centripetal force
Answer: D
48. What is the process that has no heat transfer?
A. Reversible isometric
B. Isothermal
C. Polytropic
D. Adiabatic
Answer: D
49. Which of the engine is used for fighter bombers?
A. Turbojet
B. Pulsejet
C. Rockets
D. Ramjet
Answer: A
50. Exhaust gases from an engine posses:
A. solar energy
B. kinetic energy
C. chemical energy
D. stored enery
Answer: B
51. At critical point the latent enthalpy of vaporization is
A. temperature dependent
B. zero
C. minimum
D. maximum
Answer: B
52. Work done per unit charge when charged is moved from one point to another.
A. Equipotential surface
B. Potential at a point
C. Electrostatic point
D. Potential difference
Answer: B
53. How many independent properties are required to completely fix the equilibrium state of a pure
gaseous compound?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: B
54. Which of the following relations defines enthalpy?
A. h = u + p/T
B. h = u + pV
C. h = u + p/V
D. h = pV + T
Answer: B
55. Which of the following is true for water at a reference temperature where enthalpy is zero?
 A. Internal energy is negative
B. Entropy is non-zero
C. Specific volume is zero
D. Vapor pressure is zero
Answer: A
56. On what plane is the Mollier diagram plotted?
A. p – V
B. p – T
C. h – s
D. h – u
Answer: C
57. The compressibility factor z, is used for predicting the behavior of non-ideal gases. How is the
compressibility factor defined relative to an ideal gas? (subscript c refers to critical value)
A. z = P / Pc
B. z = PV / RT
C. z = T / Tc
D. z = (T / Tc)(Pc / P)
Answer: B
58. How is the quality x of a liquid-vapor mixture defined?
A. The fraction of the total volume that is saturated vapor
B. The fraction of the total volume that is saturated liquid
C. The fraction of the total mass that is saturated vapor
D. The fraction of the total mass that is saturated liquid
Answer: C
59. What is the expression for heat of vaporization?
A. hg
B. hf
C. hg - hf
D. hf - hg
Answer: C
60. What is the value of the work done for a closed, reversible, isometric system?
A. Zero
B. Positive
C. Negative
D. Indeterminate
Answer: A
61. What is the equation for the work done by a constant temperature system?
A. W = mRT ln(V2 – V1)
B. W = mR (T2 – T1) ln(V2 / V1)
C. W = MRT ln(V2 / V1)
D. W = RT ln((V2 / V1)
Answer: C
62. What is true about the polytropic exponent n for perfect gas undergoing an isobaric process?
A. n > 0
B. n < 0
C. n = ∞
D. n = 0
Answer: D
63. How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process?
A. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0, Isentropic: Heat transfer = 0
B. Adiabatic: Reversible, Isentropic: Not reversible
C. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0, Isentropic: Heat transfer = 0
D. Both: Heat transfer = 0; Isentropic: Reversible
Answer: D
64. During an adiabatic, internally reversible process, what is true about the change in entropy?
A. It is always zero
B. It is always less than zero
C. It is always greater than zero
D. It is temperature-dependent
Answer: A
65. For an irreversible process, what is true about the change in entropy of the system and surroundings?
A. ds = dq / dt
B. ds = 0
C. ds > 0
D. ds < 0
Answer: C
66. For which type of process does the equation dQ = Tds hold?
A. Irreversible
B. Reversible
C. Isobaric
 D. Isothermal
Answer: B
67. Which of the following is true for any process?
A. (Surrounding) + (system) > 0
B. (Surrounding) + (system) < 0
C. (Surrounding) + (system) ≤ 0
D. (Surrounding) + (system) ≥ 0
Answer: D
68. The ideal reversible Carnot cycle involves four basic process. What type of processes are they?
A. All isothermal
B. All adiabatic
C. All isentropic
D. Two isothermal and two isentropic
Answer: D
69. What is the temperature difference of the cycle if the entropy difference is , and the work done is W?
A. W -
B. W /
C. /W
D. –W
Answer: B
70. Which of the following is not an advantage of a superheated, closed Rankine cycle over an open
Rankine cycle?
A. Lower equipment cost
B. Increased efficiency
C. Increased turbine life
D. Increased boiler life
Answer: D
71. Which of the following statements regarding Rankine cycle is not true?
A. Use of a condensable vapor in the cycle increases the efficiency of the cycle
B. The temperatures at which energy is transferred to and from the working liquid are less separated
than in a Carnot cycle
C. Superheating increases the efficiency of a Rankine cycle
D. In practical terms, the susceptibility of the engine materials to corrosion is not a key limitation on
the operating efficiency
Answer: D
72. Which one of the following is standard temperature and pressure (STP)
A. 0 K and 1 atm pressure
B. 0 F and zero pressure
C. 32 F and zero pressure
D. 0 oC and 1 atm pressure
Answer: D
73. A substance is oxidized when which of the following occurs?
A. It turns red
B. It loses electrons
C. It gives off heat
D. It absorbs energy
Answer: B
74. Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?
A. Pa
B. kg / m-s
C. bars
D. kg / m2
Answer: B
75. Which of the following is the definition of Joule?
A. Newton meter
B. kg.m / s2
C. unit of power
D. rate of change of energy
Answer: A
76. Which of the following is the basis for Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow?
A. The principle of conservation of mass
B. The principle of conservation of energy
C. The continuity equation
D. Fourier’s law
Answer: B
77. Equation of state for a single component can be any of the following except:
A. the ideal gas law
B. any relationship interrelating 3 or more state functions
C. relationship mathematically interrelating thermodynamic properties of the material
D. A mathematical expression defining a path between states
 Answer: D
78. The state of a thermodynamic system is always defined by its:
A. Absolute temperature
B. Process
C. Properties
D. Temperature and pressure
Answer: C
79. In any non quasi-static thermodynamic process, the overall entropy of an isolated system will
A. increase and then decrease
B. decrease and then increase
C. increase only
D. decrease only
Answer: C
80. Entropy is the measure of:
A. the internal energy of a gas
B. the heat capacity of a substance
C. randomness or disorder
D. the change of enthalpy of a system
Answer: C
81. Which of the following statements about entropy is false?
A. Entropy of a mixture is greater than that of its components under the same condition
B. An irreversible process increases entropy of the universe
C. Net entropy change in any closed cycle is zero
D. Entropy of a crystal at 0oF is zero
Answer: D
82. Work or energy can be a function of all of the following except:
A. force and distance
B. power and time
C. force and time
D. temperature and entropy
Answer: C
83. Energy changes are represented by all except which one of the following:
A. mCpdt
B. - ʃ VdP
C. Tds – PdV
D. dQ / T
Answer: D
84. U + pV is a quantity called:
A. Shaft work
B. Entropy
C. Enthalpy
D. Internal energy
Answer: C
85. In flow process, neglecting KE and PE changes, ʃ vdP represents which item below?
A. Heat transfer
B. Shaft work
C. Enthalpy change
D. Closed system work
Answer: B
86. Power may be expressed in units of
A. ft – lb
B. kw – hr
C. Btu
D. Btu / hr
Answer: D
87. Equilibrium condition exists in all except which of the following?
A. In reversible processes
B. In processes where driving forces are infinitesimals
C. In a steady state flow process
D. Where nothing can occur without an effect on the system’s surrounding
Answer: C
88. In a closed system (with a moving boundary) which of the following represents work done during an
isothermal process?
A. W = 0
B. W = P (V2 – V1)
C. W = P1V1 ln (V2 / V1)
D. W = (P2V2 – P1V1) / (1 – n)
Answer: C
89. A substance that exists, or is regarded as existing, as a continuoum characterized by a low resistance
to flow and the tendency to assume the shape of its container.
 A. Fluid
B. Atom
C. Molecule
D. Vapor
Answer: A
90. A substance that is homogeneous in composition and homogeneous and invariable in chemical
aggregation.
A. Pure substance
B. Simple substance
C. Vapor
D. Water
Answer: A
91. A substance whose state is defined by variable intensive thermodynamic properties.
A. Pure substance
B. Simple substance
C. Vapor
D. Water
Answer: B
92. A system in which there is no exchange of matter with the surrounding or mass does not cross its
boundaries.
A. Open system
B. Closed system
C. Isolated system
D. Nonflow system
Answer: B
93. A system that is completely impervious to its surrounding or neither mass nor energy cross its
boundaries.
A. Open system
B. Closed system
C. Isolated system
D. Nonflow system
Answer: C
94. A system in which there is a flow of mass across its boundaries.
A. Open system
B. Closed system
C. Isolated system
D. Nonflow system
Answer: A
95. The properties that are dependent upon the mass of the system and are total values such as total
volume and total internal energy.
A. Intensive properties
B. Extensive properties
C. Specific properties
D. State properties
Answer: B
96. The properties that are independent of the mass of the system such as temperature, pressure, density
and voltage.
A. Intensive properties
B. Extensive properties
C. Specific properties
D. State properties
Answer: A
97. The properties for a unit mass and are intensive by definition such as specific volume.
A. Intensive properties
B. Extensive properties
C. Specific properties
D. Thermodynamic properties
Answer: C
98. The condition as identified through the properties of the substance, generally defined by particular
values of any two independent properties.
A. State
B. Point
C. Process
D. Flow
Answer: A
99. The only base unit with a prefix kilo is
A. kilogram
B. kilometer
C. kilojoule
D. kilopascal
 Answer: A
100. The force of gravity on the body.
A. Weight
B. Specific gravity
C. Attraction
D. Mass
Answer: A