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Alkenes-Part 1-Introduction & Methods of Preparation

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17 views

Alkenes-Part 1-Introduction & Methods of Preparation

Uploaded by

Devansh Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part 01

Introduction & Methods of


Preparation
 Also known as Olefins (Oil forming)).

 Their general formula is . They contain .

 Alkenes are nucleophilic and therefore tend to react


with electrophiles more often.  Alkynes are more easily adsorbed on the Palladium as
they have more pi bonds.

 Compared to alkynes, alkenes have only one pi bond


and will therefore need more active sites on the
catalyst to bind themselves.
 By using Lindlar’s catalyst or Nickel Boride, alkynes
can be partially hydrogenated to alkenes without  If we poison the catalyst, the active sites reduce.
their further hydrogenation to alkanes. Therefore, alkynes can bind to it, but alkenes can’t
which prevent the further hydrogenation of alkenes
 A Lindlar catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst that to alkanes.
consists of Palladium deposited on Calcium Carbonate
or Barium Sulfate which is then poisoned with  The addition of hydrogen is a syn addition.
various forms of Lead or Sulfur or Quinoline or
Xylene.

Page 1 Page 2
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 Another catalyst that can be used like Lindlar’s
Catalyst is called Brown P2 Catlayst.

 It is Nickel Boride (Ni2B).


−

 In this reaction an alkyne is reduced to an alkene by


treating it with or in Liquid Ammonia.

 If the alkene can show stereochemistry, then the


alkene formed is a trans alkene.

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 The solution of Sodium in liquid Ammonia is blue in  Dehalogenation of vic dihalides can be affected by
colour due to solvated electrons. either in acetone or zinc in presence of acetic
acid or ethanol.
 In the reaction the blue colour of the solution changes
to colourless as the electrons are used up.

 This reduction does not work for terminal alkynes as


instead of reduction, acid-base reaction takes place.
−

 Mechanism followed is E2.


 Already discussed in Alkyl Halides.

 Already discussed in Alkyl Halides.

 Dehalogenation of vicinal dihalides is the elimination


of two adjacent halogen atoms to produce an alkene.

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 Now, rotate the groups such that both halogens are
anti-coplanar.
 A stereospecific reaction is one in which one
steroisomer gives only one specific stereo isomer of
the product.

−
 A stereoselective reaction is one in which a reactant
gives products with more than one stereochemistry
but of them one stereoisomer is major.

−

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 Electrolysis of potassium or sodium salt of saturated
vicinal dicarboxylic acid gives alkene.

Page 9 Page 10
Part 01

Introduction & Methods of


Preparation

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