‫محتويات الدورة التدريبية‬

OHS GENERAL INDUCTION

(CSCC00)
Contractor’s Short Course

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 OHS GENERAL INDUCTION
Textbook
TSC-CSCC00

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LESSON DESCRIPTION PAGE

Course Overview 5

Pacing Schedule 7

1 Importance of Occupational Health & Safety 9

OHS GENERAL INDUCTION

Management System of Occupational Health &
2 15
Safety
Company’s Responsibility and Employee’s Role in
3 23
Occopational Health & Safety

4 Precautions of Occupational Health & Safety 31

5 Risks at Work Environment 53

Culture of Occupational Healt & Safety-

6 67
Informative Stickers

7 Safety Procedures 77

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 OHS GENERAL INDUCTION
Textbook
TSC-CSCC00

COURSE OVERVIEW

TARGET COMPETENCIES
The training content of this book targets the competency of safety.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon the completion of this program, participants will be able to:
 Recognize the importance of enhancing the value of safety and be
committed to it in their daily life and work in particular.

OHS GENERAL INDUCTION

 Know about the safety policy in Saudi Electricity company
 List the responsibilities and tasks that concern individuals in the
company's work sites
 Identify the various dangers and risks that could arise, and also how to
prevent and control them
 Mention the basic rules of fire fighting, types of fire extinguishers, and
how to use them
 Recognize the importance of following safety procedures at workplaces
so as to organize and control business and also value the necessity to
adhere to these procedures and then act accordingly.

Program Duration
One Day (Six training hours)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COURSE OVERVIEW

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 OHS GENERAL INDUCTION
Textbook
TSC-CSCC00

PACING SCHEDULE

LESSON DESCRIPTION HRS.

1 Importance of Occupational Health & Safety 0.5
2 Management System of Occupational Health & 1
Safety
3 Company’s Responsibility and Employee’s role in 1
Occupational Health & Safety
4 Precautions of Occupational Health & safety 1

OHS GENERAL INDUCTION

5 Risks at work environment 1
6 Culture of Occupational Health & Safety- Informative 0.5
Stickers/Labels
7 Safety Procedures 1
TOTAL 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PACING SCHEDULE

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LESSON 1
IMPORTANCE OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &
SAFETY

TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 LESSON ONE
IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Occupational health and safety contributes to the development of the national
economy because work and its environment are considered to be one of the
main pillars of health. Unsafe working conditions may lead to many health
risks that negatively affect healthy workers and thus negatively affects
productivity.

Occupational health and safety is considered one of the most important

means of economic and social development, and it is described as a system
that works to reduce costs through sound investment in the various areas of
occupational health and safety at both the material and human levels, and it is
also an urgent necessity in which all concerned parties and businesses
participate, as well as the governments, employers and general communities.

SAFETY
Industrial safety programs work to educate trainees on the need to follow
safety rules for the protection of individuals and inform them of their
responsibilities.
Therefore, Saudi Electricity Company pays special attention to its employees
and their safety by following the best practices and the highest standards in
the field of safety to prevent losses when carrying out the company's work, so
the company has adopted this goal to ensure that efforts are made to prevent
accidents and injuries in the company's work, and spread the culture of safety
among all employees of the company.

Safety is everybody’s responsibility and effective cooperation is required

among all to implement safety rules and procedures in order to protect the
company's employees and facilities. We have been guided by the best
TARGET COMETENCIES
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international practices and regulations in adopting safety rules and

procedures, after bein g discussed by the company's various activities.
In order to achieve the desired safety goals, all company employees and
contractors must comply with the application of safety rules and procedures.

(Safety Is Everybody's Responsibility)

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 IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
DEFINITION
SAFETY IN GENERAL
It is the science that seeks to protect people and spare them from dangers in
any field, and prevent loss of life and property whenever possible.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
It is the science concerned with protecting human safety and health from the
risks that may be exposed to due to the performance of work, by providing a
Lesson 1: IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

safe work environment free from the causes of accidents or occupational

diseases, so the rules and regulations are set in a legislative framework with
the aim of protecting humans and property from the risk of injury and damage.

"Occupational health and safety" is involved in all areas of life,

Informative and warning signs shown in Figures 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 &1.4. For
example, when dealing with electricity and household appliances, it is a must
to follow public safety requirements, and you must read the special booklet on
the devices to be used when dealing with electricity and also when driving
your car, you will not be able to do without following traffic safety rules such as
(instructional signs, requiring everyone in the vehicle to fasten seatbelts,
adhering to the speed limit, as safety is always first.)

Fig 1.1 Warning Signs

Fig 1.2 Mandatory Signs

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 Fig 1.3 Prohibition Signs

Fig 1.4 Informative Signs

GOALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

SAFETY
Occupational health and safety provides benefits to secure the human and

material elements, for example, but not limited to, including the following:

• Protecting people from injuries resulting from the hazards of the work

environment by preventing them from being exposed to accidents and

injuries.

• Preserving the physical element represented in the devices and

equipment from damage and destruction.

TARGET COMETENCIES
• Providing and implementing the mechanism of occupational health and
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safety requirements that ensures the provision of a safe environment

that protects the human and material elements from dangers, and thus

enhances and improves productivity.

• Planting safety in the hearts and minds of employees while they are

doing their work.

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 FACTORS THAT HELP ACHIEVE THE GOALS

• Proper technical planning of protection methods in facilities.

• Legislation that is needed to implement this technical planning.

• Implementation that is based on sound scientific foundations for

construction operations, with the provision of specialized technical

devices in order to ensure the continuing implementation of

Lesson 1: IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

occupational health and safety services.

IMPORTANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

• Improving working conditions.

• Providing an appropriate and safe work environment.

• Adopting occupational health and safety behaviors, and providing a

safe work environment that has positive results at the level of the

facility, its workers, and at the community level.

• Preparing and implementing training courses to raise awareness of

occupational health and safety.

• Working on developing regulations and procedures for occupational

health and safety, and to raise awareness to participate in the

implementation of those regulations and procedures in all work sites.

• Encouraging workers and employers to follow and apply occupational

health and safety procedures to reduce work risks.

• Specifying the responsibilities and duties of employees and employers

in relation to occupational health and safety. ·

• Maintaining permanent records to follow up on injuries and illnesses

resulting from work, with the aim of taking steps to avoid the recurrence

of similar injuries in the future.

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LESSON 2
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY

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 LESSON TWO
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
& SAFETY

INTRODUCTION
No matter how advanced the sciences are, the human being is still the basic
element in the process of creativity, planning and production, as being granted
the blessing of mind and body. And the protection of this essential element is
to reconstruct its role on the ground. From this standpoint, protecting workers
and providing them with a safe and healthy work environment is a shared
responsibility among all parties to the work environment.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Managing health and safety in the workplace must be considered
systematically within the organization, in the same way as any other forms of

SAFETY
management. All safety management systems have common principles, which
can be seen presented in the International Labor Organization's Occupational
Safety and Health Management System (ISO45001:2018).
We can summarize the basic elements of this system as follows:
PLAN, DO, CHECK and ACT for improvement which requires leadership,
commitment and participation of workers from all levels and functions of Saudi
Electricity Company organization. Figure 2.1.

Plan: Establish objectives, programmes and processes necessary to deliver

results in accordance with the organization’s OHS policy.

Do: Implement the processes as planned.

Check: Monitor and measure activities and processes with regard to the OHS TARGET COMETENCIES
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policy and objectives, and report the results.

Act: Take actions to continually improve the OHS performance to achieve the
intended outcomes.

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Lesson 2: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY Management System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

Fig 2.1 Management System of Occupational Health and Safety

(ISO45001:2018)

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY IN SAUDI ELECTRICITY COMPANY- 5 STAR
It is the occupational health and safety management system approved by the
Saudi Electricity Company and its purpose is to maintain the health and safety
of the company's employees and contractors by securing a safe work
environment, in addition to the application of standards of safety elements in
order to create a workplace free of risks. The aim of providing a safe work
environment is to ensure that employees return to their families in a healthy
and safe way after every working day. Adherence to this system will contribute
to ensuring that the risks of accidents are reduced, and the most important
component of it is the policy signed by the CEO and all representatives.

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SAFETY POLICY
Figure 2.2 illustrates the safety policy of the Saudi Electricity Company,
whereby the Saudi Electricity Company and its subsidiary companies give the
utmost importance to the safety and health of its employees and the outside
public because the executive management believes that identifying risks and
handling them efficiently will prevent all kinds of loss of life and property, and
we are determined to achieve our vision by reducing the likelihood of
occupational injuries and diseases in our employees, contractors, visitors and
the outside public in our work environment.

SAFETY
TARGET COMETENCIES
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Lesson 2: MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY Management System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

Fig 2.2 Safety Policy

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THE BASIC SECTIONS OF THE 5-STAR OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SAFETY
TARGET COMETENCIES
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Fig 2.3 Sections of The 5-Star Occupational Health and Safety Management
System
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LESSON 3
COMPANY’S RESPONSIBILITY
AND EMPLOYEE’S ROLE IN
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &
SAFETY

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INTRODUCTION

Scientific studies in various parts of the world have proven that the success of
the implementation of occupational safety programs depends mainly on the
amount of interest of the higher management in the subject, as it was found
that as long as the responsibility for implementing the programs was assigned
to a higher official in the administrative position, the better the implementation
of the programs was achieved, because he was able through his
administrative position to make it successful as he can impose occupational
safety plans, and after making the decision, he is able to follow up its
implementation accurately and address any obstacles that may be
encountered, or through his position he is able to assign to specialists at
various levels to implement the program plan and ensure its success.

COMPANY’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY IN

SAFETY
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
The Saudi Electricity Company is committed to the requirements and laws of
occupational health and safety, international standards, and follow-up of safe
practices in this field. We believe that integration between the laws and
requirements of occupational health and safety laws and our efforts is going to
lead to a world-class safe work environment.
Our feeling of complete satisfaction can only be achieved by reducing the
possibility of injuries and occupational diseases to the lowest level. This is the
minimum that we will accept and will be committed to achieving through
continuous improvement of the Occupational Health and Safety Management
System (5-star).

The company's role can be achieved by: TARGET COMETENCIES

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• Applying a 5-star safety system to all company sites

• Identifying and assessing all health and safety hazards that cannot be
eliminated and are effectively controlled and by providing measures to
control health and safety risks that are regularly monitored and
evaluated.
• Conducting consultations with workers and encouraging them to
contribute to making practical decisions on issues that affect their
health and safety at work.
• Absence of health risks that have to do with handling, storage or
transportation of the materials.
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 Management System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

• Providing information, education, training and supervision to workers to

enable them to carry out their work in a safe manner.
• Providing safety policy and clear safety instructions in the workplace. It
is not permissible for the manager or the supervisor to punish the
worker or refuse to report any remarks or incidents.
• Ensuring that personal protective tasks are available to perform tasks,
for example. Masks, goggles and gloves when using chemicals; Ear
protectors (headphones - earplugs) when exposed to noisy equipment.
• Providing first aid to all business areas at work.
• Consulting workers, including exchanging information about health and
Lesson 3: Company’s Responsibility and Employee’s Role in OHS

safety, giving workers a reasonable opportunity to express their views,

and taking these into account as part of their daily work.

The company is committed to providing means of

occupational health and safety at the workplace in a manner
that ensures protection from work hazards, especially for the
following risks:

1. The mechanical risks that arise as a result of collision or contact between

the worker's body and a solid object, such as construction, building and drilling
risks, collapse and fall risks, and risks arising from devices, machines, and
means of transportation and circulation.
2. The risks arising from dealing with chemicals, whether solid, liquid or
gaseous, or resulting from the leakage of these materials into the work
environment.
3. Natural hazards that affect the safety and health of the worker as a result of
natural danger or damage, such as heat, humidity, cold, noise, harmful or
dangerous radiation, vibrations, or the increase or decrease in the air pressure
where work is carried out.
4. Risks arising from the lack of safety, rescue, ambulance, hygiene or similar
ones.
5. Fire hazards and risks arising from electricity or lighting.
6. The instructions, directives, posters and other means of clarification related
to the work hazards and the methods of preventing them should be clearly
displayed in the workplace.

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THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISORS IN
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

 Every employee, regardless of his position or job title, must assume

personal responsibility for occupational health and safety and keep
work environment free from risks that affect health and safety. We also
encourage all employees to be role models and leaders in occupational
safety and health at work and outside work.
 Managers are responsible for implementing safety instructions and
taking all practical measures to ensure that a safe work environment is
available for workers and that policies and procedures are complied
with and appropriate supervision and training of workers are scheduled.
 The design of the company has taken into consideration the nature of
work and occupational health and safety measures.
 Identifying business risks by the management constantly and explaining
to workers about the preventive measures taken.


SAFETY
Ensuring that personnel are not employed until after they are assured
of their ability to perform the work properly and correctly.
 Providing methods of protection against fire and explosions at work
sites, along with training workers on how to use them.
 There should be maintenance of equipment and devices.
 Ensuring general cleanliness, which means cleanliness of places,
devices and tools, as well as their proper arrangement and
maintenance.
 Providing the proper means when starting work, as well as when
handling hazardous materials.
 Providing the necessary explanatory tools constantly.
 Ensuring that the Occupational Health and Safety Management System

TARGET COMETENCIES
(5 star) is effectively applied in the activity / sector / department to
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which it may belong.
 Not directing any employee of the activity / sector employees to carry
out an unsafe practice.
 Developing and improving safety measures and implementing them in
the activity / sector to which it may belong.
 Ensuring compliance with all safe work practices and safety
instructions.
 Ensuring that safe work procedures and safety instructions related to
the activity / sector are comprehensive and up-to-date.
 Setting an example of safe practrices to all his employees.
 Establishing clear safety targets for his department.
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 Management System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

 Adopting and implementing the instructions of the Occupational Health

and Safety Management System (5 star) for his area of work and for his
employees.
 Ensuring that accident investigation procedures are completed promptly
and comprehensively, identifying the direct causes to eliminate or
reduce them within a specific time frame, and follow up their
implementation.
 Ensuring compliance with all safe work procedures and safety
instructions.
 Taking immediate measures to remove or control any unsafe situation
Lesson 3: Company’s Responsibility and Employee’s Role in OHS

or practice, whether existing or brought to his attention in his area of

responsibility.
 Approving safe work procedures related to the area that is under his
responsibility.
 Ensuring that safe work procedures and safety instructions related to
his supervisory area are comprehensive and up-to-date.
 Conducting monthly safety committee meetings with supervisors and
contractors in his area of responsibility.

THE EMPLOYEE'S ROLE IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY

 Ensuring the application of his own 5-star occupational safety and

health instructions, and urging others to cooperate with the company by
applying and respecting safety rules and instructions.
 Working in a safe manner by following the directions of supervisors.
 Learn to use all equipment properly, including applying all safety
instructions and wearing required personal protective equipment.
 Using equipment safely and following safe work procedures.
 Not to use any equipment that he does not know how to use and its
misuse causes harm to his health, safety, and the health and safety of
others.
 Reporting any dangerous actions or accidents (including a near miss)
to the supervisor immediately.
 Ensuring that you are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol while
at work.
 Avoid endangering your health and safety and the health and safety of
others.
 Not to operate any equipment or tools unless he is trained and
authorized to do so. If you are asked to perform tasks or use tools or
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 equipment that you are not trained or qualified to, inform your
supervisor and not proceed until the training is completed.
 Not to perform maintenance on any equipment unless he is qualified to
do so.
 Assisting the supervisor in identifying, assessing and controlling risks
in the workplace.
 Maintaining a tidy workspace and eliminating any risks.
 Abiding by traffic rules and demarcation lines.
 Informing the supervisor of the areas of danger to avoid its occurrence.
 Knowing the locations of fire alarms as well as the locations of fire
extinguishers and the methods of their use, for use in emergency
situations.
 The worker is obligated to use the means of prevention, Figure (3-1),
and he undertakes to take care of what he has in his possession, and
implement the instructions issued to maintain his health and protect
himself from work accidents, and he must not commit any act intended

SAFETY
to prevent the implementation of the instructions or the misuse of the
means established for the protection and safety of workers.

TARGET COMETENCIES
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Fig. 3.1 Commitment to Prevention Tasks

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LESSON 4
PRECAUTIONS OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &
SAFETY

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INTRODUCTION
The company and its branches are obligated to provide precautions and
means of protection against harmful and dangerous materials during their
circulation and handling, whether when receiving, classifying, transporting and
storing them or when mixing and adding them, or during the disposal of the
waste of these materials. And all this within the permissible limits.

GENERAL DEFINITION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

It is the total of things that surround us and affect the existence of living
organisms on the surface of the earth, including water, air, soil, minerals,
climate and the organisms themselves, and it can also be described as a
group of systems intertwined with each other to the degree of complexity that
affects and determines our survival in this small world, which we deal with
regularly.

There are two types of environment

SAFETY
1. A physical environment (air - water - land).
2. Biological environment (plants - animals - humans).

In light of the progress and civilization that the world notices and passes by
day after day, we can divide them into three other types related to the
progress brought about by man:

Natural Environment
Which is also represented in: air - water - land.

Social Environment
It is the set of laws and regulations that govern the internal TARGET COMETENCIES
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relations of individuals as well as political and social institutions.

Industrial Environment
That is, man-made environment from: villages - cities - farms -
factories – networks

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 anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

THE APPROPRIATE WORK ENVIRONMENT

This is achieved through the commitment of the company and all its branches
to take precautions and conditions to provide a safe work environment for all
employees in all branches of the company, for example, but not limited to:

PRECAUTIONS IN CONFINED OR NARROW SPACES

The company and its branches are obligated to take the necessary
precautions and conditions to prevent and save workers from the dangers of
working in confined or narrow places.
Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

PRECAUTIONS IN ENGINEERING OF HUMAN FACTORS

Known as adaptability, it is the applied science concerned with designing
workplace installations of machines, equipment, products and systems with
the intention of increasing the degree of safety, reducing stress and providing
comfort to its users, so that it can lead to higher efficiency for workers,
maximize productivity and reduce stress, injuries and diseases associated
with the work environment.

AREAS OF ADAPTATION (TYPES OF HUMAN FACTORS)

PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS
Physical adaptation deals with the human response to physical loads.

COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS
Mental Adaptation, which is concerned with the mind's treatment of
perception, attention and memory between the person and other elements.

ORGANIZATIONAL ERGONOMICS
Environmental adaptation, which is concerned with improving the social
systems of different and political bodies such as (change of work, schedules,
employee satisfaction, job motivation theory, monitoring, teamwork, ethics,
computer work). Figure 4.1

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 Fig. 4-1 Suitability of office equipment to the worker's body

SAFETY
The company and its branches are obligated to take the necessary
precautions and conditions to prevent the risks of ergonomics disorders
according to the nature of the work that the worker carries out in the
department in which he works.

PRECAUTIONS IN HANDLING PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Dangers that threaten us are due to changes the human being does in the
natural composition of the elements that make up the environment as a result
of his multiple uses, which leads to spoilage of their basic properties and may
cause harmful effects to humans or other organisms.
The company and its branches are obligated to provide the means of TARGET COMETENCIES
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occupational safety and health and to secure a work environment in the

workplace to ensure protection from physical risks resulting from the following:
• Heat stress, cold and humidity.
• Noise and vibration.
• Lighting.
• Harmful and dangerous radiation.
• Changes in atmospheric pressure.
• Static and Reciprocating Electricity.
• Explosion risks.
• Poor ventilation.

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 anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

The company and its branches are also obligated to conduct the necessary
periodic measurements of the physical risks in the work environment resulting
from what has been previously referred to in this article, according to the type
of activity practiced, registering them and comparing them periodically to
ensure that they are within the permissible limits.

PRECAUTIONS IN DEALING WITH ENGINEERING AND

MECHANICAL RISKS
Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

The company and its branches are obligated to take all necessary precautions
and measures to provide means of occupational health and safety and secure
a work environment to prevent engineering and mechanical risks, for example
what results from:
• Every risk arising from work equipment and tools, including devices,
machines, lifting and pulling tools, and means of transportation, circulation and
movement.
• Every risk arising from construction work, digging, and the risk of collapse
and fall.
• Dynamic electricity hazards.

PRECAUTIONS IN HANDLING BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

The company and its branches are obligated to take measures to protect
workers from the risk of infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and
other biological hazards whenever the nature of the work exposes workers to
the conditions of infection, for example what results from:
 Contact with sick people
 Units for handling, transporting, storing and treating hazardous medical
waste.
 Units for receiving, storing and processing liquid disposals of various
kinds.

PRECAUTIONS IN DEALING WITH CHEMICAL HAZARDS

The company and its branches are obligated to provide means of protection
from chemical risks resulting from dealing with solid, liquid and gaseous
chemicals, for example, by the following:
• Not to exceed the maximum permissible concentration of chemicals and
carcinogens to which workers are exposed.
• The stock of hazardous chemicals should not exceed large quantities that
have no use.
NOTE:
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36
• Providing effective technical precautions and means to protect workers and
the facility when transporting, storing, handling and using dangerous
chemicals and disposing of their wastes.
• Maintaining a record to list the hazardous chemicals in circulation, including
all the data for each substance, and a record to monitor the work environment
and exposure of workers to the danger of chemicals.
• Putting identification cards for all chemicals in circulation at work, indicating
the scientific and commercial name, chemical composition, degree of danger,
safety precautions and emergency procedures related to them. The company
must obtain the data mentioned in these materials from its manufacturer or
supplier upon supply.
• Training workers on methods of dealing with dangerous chemicals and
cancer-causing substances, familiarizing them with and informing them of their
dangers, methods of safety, and protection from these risks.
• Conducting a primary medical examination on workers when they join a job
that exposes them to chemical hazards to discover any apparent or latent

SAFETY
disease that affects workers severely when exposed to chemical pollutants.
The results of the medical examination are kept in the worker's file for
comparison with the results of the following examinations, provided that a
periodic medical examination is performed on workers exposed to risks of
Chemicals for early detection of any occupational disease as a result of
exposure to it and to ensure the continuity of medical fitness for the nature of
the work, and the periodicity of the detection is determined according to the
substances to which the worker is exposed and the speed of their impact on
the worker and his health.
• Conducting the necessary periodic measurements of chemical hazards in
the work environment, according to the type of activity practiced

PRECAUTIONS IN HANDLING HAZARDOUS WASTE

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The company and its branches shall establish a system based on an

operational plan for the safe handling of hazardous waste, including its
collection, sorting, transportation, storage, treatment and final disposal.

PRECAUTIONS IN DEALING WITH NEGATIVE RISKS

The company and its branches are obligated to provide means of protection against
negative risks that arise or double the harm or danger as a result of their lack of
availability, such as means of rescue, aid, cleanliness, arrangement and organization
of workplaces, and to ensure that workers in the places of cooking, handling and

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 anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

consuming food and drinks have health certificates indicating that they are
free from epidemic and infectious diseases.

PRECAUTIONS IN DEALING WITH FIRE HAZARDS

The company and its branches are obligated to take the necessary
precautions and requirements to prevent fire hazards according to what is
determined by the competent authority in the civil defense and according to
the nature of the activity that the company is practicing and the physical and
chemical properties of the materials used and produced, with commitment to
Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

the following:
• All used fire extinguishing devices and tools conform to international
standards.
• Developing firefighting and rescue and prevention equipment using the latest
means, providing alarm, warning, early warning devices, preventive isolation
and automatic extinguishing whenever necessary, and ensuring the protection
of workers with disabilities in such circumstances.

Here is some basic information in case of a fire:

THE FIRE
It is the reaction of chemical materials / ignition (fuel) with an oxidizing
substance (oxygen) accompanied by the generation of heat and flame, this
theory is based on a combination of four factors and this grouping is called the
fire pyramid as shown in Figure 4-2.

Fig. 4-2 Combustion Pyramid

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38
Causes of Fire
The causes of fire are many and we will review them for knowledge, Figures
4.3) to 4.7). Among these causes are the following:
• Ignorance and Negligence.
• Welding or Hot Cutting.
• Not Applying the Necessary Safety Precautions.
• Increasing The Temperature.
• Defects in Electrical Connections.
• Poor Storage, Arrangement and Cleanliness.
• Hot Surfaces.
• Smoking.
• Friction.
• Petroleum Fires.
• Warehouse Fires.

SAFETY
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Fig. 4.3 Defects in Electrical Connections

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Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

Fig. 4.4 Insulation of Hot Surfaces

Fig. 4.5 Shows Good and Bad Storage And Arrangement Of Stores

NOTE:
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40
 Fig. 4.6 Petroleum Fire Fighting

SAFETY
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Fig. 4.7 Warehouse Fires

Types of Fires
Fires of group (A)
These are the fires that are confined to normal dry flammable materials (wood
- fabrics - plastic - leather - paper - rubber - waste), as in figure 4.8, and this
type of fire is put out by water and foam.

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41
 anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

Fig. 4.8 Fires of Group A

Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Fires of group (B)

These are the fires that are confined to flammable liquid and gas materials
(liquids - petroleum - oils, greases, acetylene - hydrogen), as in figure 4.9, and
foam and dry chemical powders are used to extinguish this type of fire.

Fig. 4.9 Fires of Group B

Fires of group (C)

These are the fires that are confined to materials related to electricity such as
electrical equipment (electrical transformer - computer - circuit breaker - wires
- batteries), as in figure 4.10, and this type of fire is extinguished by halon,
carbon dioxide and dry chemical powders.

Fig. 4.10 Fires of Group C

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42
Fires of group (D)
These are the fires that are confined to light metal materials such as
(aluminum - magnesium - potassium - sodium), as in figure 4.11, which shows
a fire in the facade of a building covered with aluminum, and a special type of
dry powder is used to extinguish this type of fire.

Figu. 4.11 Fires of Group D

Fires of group (K)

SAFETY
This type of fire has been recently added to the types of fires, and it deals with
fires of vegetable oil in the kitchens. Dry powder or fire blanket is used to fight
such kind of fires. As shown in Figure 4.12.

Fig. 4.12 Fires of Group K

To extinguish any kind of fires, one of the four factors that causes the fire must TARGET COMETENCIES
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be removed, which are fuel, oxygen, heat, and the chemical chain reaction,
and this is done by following one of the four methods:
1. Starving the fire: depriving fire of flammable materials by transferring
these materials away from the influence of heat and flame.
2. Smothering the fire: strangling the fire and not having oxygen reach it.
This is done either by covering the fire with foam or by using carbon
dioxide gas that replaces the oxygen.
3. Fire cooling: cooling the fire to reduce the temperature by using water.

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 anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

4. Stopping the chain reaction of fire: Some extinguishing materials have

the ability to stop the chain reaction of fire, and these materials are
powder and halon.

PRECAUTIONS IN DEALING WITH INDUSTRIAL AND

NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS
• The company and its branches are obligated to conduct an assessment
and analysis of the expected industrial and natural risks and disasters
and to prepare an emergency plan to protect the company and its
Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

workers when the disaster strikes, provided that the effectiveness of

this plan is tested and practical data is made on it to ensure the
efficiency of training workers to meet its requirements.
• The company shall be guided by the opinion of the National Center for
Occupational Health and Safety and to secure a work environment
when preparing an emergency plan.
• The company is obligated to inform the competent administrative
authority and the National Center for Occupational Health and Safety
and to secure the work environment with an emergency plan and any
modifications that occur to it, as well as in the case of storing or using
dangerous or harmful materials.

PRECAUTIONS WHEN WORKING AT HEIGHTS

Falling from heights is one of the biggest causes of workplace deaths and
major injuries. A common cause is falls from stairs and through fragile ceilings.
Working at heights means working anywhere, if no precautions are in place, a
person may fall at a distance that could cause personal harm.
• The company and its branches are obligated, in places that need work at
different heights, to provide protective means when working at heights,
Figures 4.13 to 4.15 by providing the necessary protective equipment to work
on heights.
• The company and its branches are committed to training workers on the
optimal and proper use of work equipment at heights in addition to proper
training on regularly checking equipment according to the standards of the
Saudi Electricity Company.

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44
 Fig. 4.13 Safety Belts Fig. 4.14 Lifeline

SAFETY
Fig. 4.15 Providing A Safe Environment for Working at Heights
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Personal protective equipment represents the most important means of
protection that protect workers from direct work injuries and accidents and
from some occupational diseases and injuries, and it is described as a set of
preventive equipment that the worker uses according to the nature of his work,
Figure 4.16.

NOTE:
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45
Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

Fig. 4.16 Different Protective Equipment According to The Nature of

Work

CONDITIONS THAT MUST BE MET BY PERSONAL

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Personal protective equipment must be chosen so that it conforms to
international standards in order to reduce the risks to the minimum
level.
• The PPE must be suitable for the body, easy to use in order to carry out
the necessary movements in order to perform the work and complete
the tasks without difficulty and so that their use is not neglected by the
worker.
• The PPE must be of a suitable size, acceptable shape, and withstand
working conditions so that they are not easily damaged.

WORKER'S DUTIES TOWARDS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT
• The worker must be trained to use the personal protective equipment
properly.
• Safety regulations and systems must be implemented in the facility to
oblige workers to use personal protective equipment.
• The worker’s commitment to attend awareness programs to understand
the ongoing checks, maintenance and cleaning of this equipment and
its benefits in avoiding injuries.

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46
TYPES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

General Body Protection

The Petticoat A Two-Piece Suit Overalls

Fig. 4.17 Body Protection

SAFETY
Foot and Leg Protection

High Neck Safety shoes Safety Shoes Long Rubber boots

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Fig. 4.18 Safety Shoes

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 anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

Hand Protection

Cotton gloves
Its goal is to protect against abrasion,
wound and infection

Leather gloves
Its goal is to protect from burns and
Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

heat.

Rubber / Plastic gloves

Its goal is to protect from chemicals

Electrically insulated gloves

Its goal is to protect from electricity

Metal gloves
Its goal: protection from cuts and
scratches.

Fig. 4.19 Some Types Of Safety Gloves

Eye Protection

Fig. 4.20 Transparent Glasses

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48
 Fig. 4.21 Dense Colored Classes

Face Protection

SAFETY
Fig. 4.22 Mask To Protect Face

Head Protection

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Fig. 4.23 Helmet

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 anagement System of Occupational Health and Safety Safet

Ear Protection
Lesson 4: PRECAUTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Fig. 4.24 Ear Plugs

Fig. 4.25 Ear Protectors

First Aid
Sometimes, with all necessary measures taken to prevent accidents, the
possibility of accidents still exists, and in the event of an accident that results
in an injury, first aid is a necessity that must be available at the work site,
Figure 4.27.

DEFINITION OF FIRST AID

It is the primary, immediate and temporary care that the injured person
receives as a result of sudden exposure to an emergency health condition that
led to bleeding, wounds, fractures, fainting, or other things in order to save his
life and until specialized medical care is provided to him by the arrival of the
doctor to the scene of the accident or his transfer to the nearest hospital or
medical clinic with the aim of saving the patient's life and preventing his
condition from deteriorating.

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50
 Fig. 4.26 First Aid

SAFETY
In the event of an injury, the following instructions must be followed:
1. Seek medical help immediately.
2. Bring the paramedic to the injured person, don’t send the injured
person to the paramedic.
3. Make sure that the injured person is breathing normally.
4. Know the location of the first aid kit.
5. Don’t move the injured person except with the aim of keeping him out of
danger.
6. When calling for an ambulance, the paramedic must be told about the
type of injury and the location of the injured.
7. Attention to keeping and recording all available information about the
accident and the measures that have been taken.

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NOTE:
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52
LESSON 5
RISKS AT WORK
ENVIRONMENT

53
54
INTRODUCTION
Workers are exposed to many risks, including those related to the workplace
and its constructions, including work materials, raw materials and products,
and there are matters related to the workers themselves and the way work is
organized in the institution or workplace. These risks are divided into
(mechanical risks - electrical hazards - natural hazards - chemical hazards -
biological risks - negative risks) and we will review these risks in some detail.

MECHANICAL RISKS
Mechanical operations and machinery are a source of many risks for workers,
as they result in a large proportion of injuries that cause partial or permanent
disability. Mechanical processes and movements, no matter how simple or
light, have their own risks. These risks vary according to the forces affecting
those processes and the mechanical movements are proportional to the
speed of movement and the shape of the part to which the person is exposed.

SAFETY
If the force of the source of this movement is great, the greater the degree of
danger is. If the speed of movement increases, it is difficult to stop it and
becomes a certain danger if it is not possible to limit its impact. Also, if the part
to which the person is exposed is pointed or has sharp edges, the danger is
more serious than if those parts were smooth or round.

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Fig. 5.1 Mechanical Risks

• Industrial business risks (buildings - work devices and machines)

• Engineering construction business risks.
• Risks of loading, unloading and transport

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 ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

TYPES OF MACHINES AND SOURCES OF RISK

Machines have a variety of purposes in every factory or workshop or in
engineering construction sites. They are also found in the work of loading and
unloading. Industrial safety precautions must be taken to avoid the risks
resulting from operating these machines. Necessary awareness should be
raised in those who operate these machines to reduce their risks.

Mechanical
movements
that create
hazards

Mechanical Mechanical
Movements Operations
Lesson 5: RISKS AT WORK ENVIRONMENT

Overlapping Reciprocating Circular Shaping Cutting

Motion Movements Motion Operations Operations

Fig. 5.2 Types of Mechanical Risks

MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS

CIRCULAR MOTION
It is the movement of rotation around a specific axis and is not devoid of any
type of machines and columns that rotate around an axis and are used to
transfer movement from one place to another in a direct or indirect way by
means of belts, chains, gears or cams.

Practical examples of circular motion:

1- Transmission shafts.
2- Flywheels and pulleys fixed on the movement poles.
3- Means for fixing flywheels and pulleys fixed to the movement poles.
4- Column connections and their fastening bolts.
5- Shaft fixing the chuck vertical drill.
The dangers that arise from the movement of these parts in a circular way
may be the result of doing them while turning or wrapping the ends of clothes
or hair when approaching them.

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56
SLIDING AND RECIPROCATING MOVEMENT
It is a straight line movement in which the moving part slides onto a fixed part.
Examples are:
1- Piston shafts, hammers, and connecting rods. The path of the moving part
in them is determined by a fixed guide, which is a fixed bush in which the
piston shaft, hammer or connecting arm moves in a reciprocating motion.
2- The movement of the skimming machine carts and the carriage path is
determined by two fixed guides on both sides of the cart.
3- Machines for cutting gear teeth and opening the sewers in metal surfaces
(Frieza).

ELECTRICAL RISKS
Electricity is a basic source of energy and the backbone of modern life, and it
is the pillar in various industries. The use of electricity is not without risks to
humans and property, and electrical hazards are certain to exist in
connections, maintenance and use of electrical appliances. And controlling

SAFETY
most of the electricity risks is not difficult or expensive, but ignoring and
neglecting procedures to protect against electricity causes a lot of damage to
people and property.

Electrical Risks

 Electric shock (Figure 5.3)

 Sparks and bangs
 Fires and explosions
 Burn
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Fig. 5.3 Electrical Shock

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 ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

ELECTRIC SHOCK
The effect of an electric shock injury on the human body depends on:
 The amount of current passing through the body.
 The path the current takes.
 The electrocution time and its connection with the body.
 Sex (male - female) health status - weight - age.
 The degree of moisture of the skin.
 The type of body organ exposed.
From the points mentioned above, it has become clear that the electric current
is the one that causes injury to humans and not the electrical voltage. An
electric shock occurs when an object becomes part of the electrical circuit
• Most electric shocks that occur are fatal because they pass through or near
the heart muscle. For example, an electrical current of 100 MA passes through
the heart in a third of a second and causes violent contractions and fluttering
Lesson 5: RISKS AT WORK ENVIRONMENT

of the heart, followed by failure.

The following table 5.1 contains examples to illustrate the human body’s
resistance to electric shock

# Skin Type Resistance value in ohms

1 Dry Skin From 3000 ohms to 100,000 ohms

2 Wet Skin Almost 1000 ohms

If the current passes from hand
3 From 400 ohms to 600 ohms
to foot
If the current passes from one
4 About 100 ohms
ear to the other ear
Table 5.1 Resistance of The Human Body to Electric Shock

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58
The following is Table 5.2 that shows the different effects of current on the
human body:
Current Intensity
Level The Resulting Effect
(mA)

1 or Less Humans do not feel it

Safe
A feeling of shock without pain. He
1-8
can go away
Painful shock - he can move away
8-15
and control his muscles
Painful shock- He loses control of the
Unsafe 15-20
muscles close to the shock
Unable to move, severe pain, difficulty
20-50
breathing
50-100 Heart disorder - may cause death

100-200 No treatment - death is certain

Dangerous

SAFETY
Severe burns – death is certain at the
200 and more
time of the shock occurrence
Table 5.2 The Different Effects of Current On the Human Body

SPARKS AND POPS

Sparks and pops occur if a high current jumps from one conductor to another
while the circuit is turned on or off. Sparks and pops also occur at the time of
electrostatic discharges.

Fires and Explosions

In the event of an overload on the electrical circuits, the temperature of the
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electrical wires increases and this may cause the insulating material to melt
and burn and thus burn the plastic parts surrounding the electrical wires and
equipment, which leads to a fire

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 ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

PREVENTION OF ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS

PREVENTION OF STATIC ELECTRICITY RISKS
The risks arising from static electricity must be prevented by making a ground
connection, taking into account the technical engineering requirements for all
machinery and equipment that operate with electricity, such as generators,
transformers, cutting machines, winches and machines, taking into account
the periodic inspection of these connections and making the necessary
periodic repairs and maintenance to be permanently correct. Also, non-electric
parts, which can be easily electrically charged, must be earthed.

PREVENTION OF THE DANGERS OF DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY

• Precautions must be taken to prevent the dangers of high pressure,
taking into account the engineering requirements necessary for either
power plants, electric power transmission networks, or electrical
Lesson 5: RISKS AT WORK ENVIRONMENT

transformers, and that only the competent technicians have the right to
enter and maintain, with warnings of the presence of high pressure.
• You must first ensure that the electric current is completely
disconnected from the electrical network before starting the installation,
repair or maintenance work, with continued disconnection until the
installers, repair or maintenance workers are notified of the completion
of the work.
• All machines, equipment and tools that work with electricity must be
provided with switches to cut off the current, provided that these
switches are isolated, safe and appropriate to the nature of the work in
its various locations and in visible places so that they can be easily
accessed, especially in case of emergency.
• Current supplements must be used for appropriate protection whenever
possible to identify faults on electrical power networks in particular
(pressure value - current value - current stability - power flow direction -
temperature increase) and that the panels of these supplements be
closed in a safe manner (using a lock, for example) and under the
responsibility of specialists who are only assigned to work.
• When installing electrical cables and wires, they must be suitable,
appropriate, and of high efficiency and away from any source of heat,
moisture or the risk of scratching the insulator and inside insulated
pipes.
• Those who install, repair and maintain these devices, machines, lines,
and electrical connections must be highly trained and skilled, and that
they do not perform repairs or installations except after connecting
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60
 them to the ground and making sure that no electric current passes
through.
• When using any electrical device, machine, cables, wires, or any
connections or switches, they must be of the type permitted for use in
accordance with the locally approved standard specifications and in line
with the conditions and nature of the workplaces and the activity in
which they are practiced.
• It is also taken into account that the keys are in places where there is a
fear of the dangers of gases and dust, and of the type that resists
sparks.
• Insulating floors in front and behind the electrical distribution panels
must be made of dry wood, insulating rubber, or any other suitable
insulating material, provided that they comply with the technical and
standard specifications.
• You must observe the periodic inspection of all cables, wires and
electrical connections to prevent any short circuit in order to avoid any

SAFETY
sudden dangers such as fire and electrocution.
• The ground connection must be used for devices and equipment
without neglecting or leaving it.
• It must be ensured that the device or machine is connected in a safe
and correct manner, and that it conforms to its technical specifications,
especially the following:
1. The type of electric current is direct or alternating
2. Three-sided, two-sided or one-sided connector
3. The required oscillation value
• Ensuring appropriate electrical distributions and not placing any other
additions in the network or any circuit except with the knowledge of
specialists.

TARGET COMETENCIES
• Machinery and equipment must not pass over electrical cables and
TABLE OF CONTENTS
connections.
• Do not wear rings, watches and jewelry when working near electrical
circuits.
• Do not use metal ladders or non-insulated hand tools when working in
electrical appliances.
• It must be ensured that all fixed and moving electrical appliances and
equipment are connected to the ground by a wire and this wire does
not carry an electric current.
• Do not pass electrical wires through doors or windows, keep them away
from heat sources such as heaters, and do not hang them on nails.

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 ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

• In the event that any person suffers an electric shock, he must not be
touched at all, and first disconnect the electrical current and remove the
person from the source of electrical current with a board, piece of wood
or any other insulating material, and then first aid can be performed (if
the person is trained on that) They include artificial respiration for the
injured person, and the doctor is called immediately or the injured
person is transferred to the nearest hospital.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS
Natural (physical) hazards in the work environment mean everything that
affects the safety and health of the worker as a result of natural factors such
as heat, humidity, cold, noise, lighting, harmful radiation, or the increase or
decrease in the atmospheric pressure in which the work is conducted. These
factors have two impacts on the safety and health of workers:
Lesson 5: RISKS AT WORK ENVIRONMENT

A DIRECT EFFECT
represented by their occupational diseases as a result of the unavailability of
the safe rates that these factors should be.

An indirect effect
Is that the lack of these safe proportions of natural factors creates an unfit
climate for work and unfavorable conditions for work under them, which leads
to confusion and stress for the worker and reduces his psychological and
health vitality, which exposes him accordingly to injury as a result of
engineering factors.

Here are the most important natural hazards:

• Heat.
• Cold.
• Vibration.
• Radiation.

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62
 Fig. 5.4 Danger of Vibration

SAFETY
CHEMICAL RISKS
Chemical hazards are considered one of the most difficult and complex work
hazards in the industry, and the effect of chemicals used or in circulation on
workers exposed to them varies according to their type, chemical composition,
and their natural state is liquid, solid or gaseous, and chemical substances are
dangerous mainly in the occupational diseases that they cause, i.e. their direct
effect in the first place. Then what it causes to workers in terms of a decrease
in their mental and physical ability as a result of these diseases, which makes
them vulnerable to injuries and accidents.

TYPES OF CHEMICAL RISKS

1. Risks resulting from dust in the work environment.
2. Dangers arising from gases in the work environment. TARGET COMETENCIES
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RISKS RESULTING FROM DUST IN THE WORK

ENVIRONMENT
DEFINITION OF DUST
They are the solid particles resulting from mechanical processes such as
grinding, hammering and screening, and their chemical properties are similar
to the original material that was produced from them, and dusts of more than
10 microns are deposited in the lower air layers at the work floor far from the
level of breathing, so the danger comes from the dust that Less than 10
microns.
NOTE:
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63
 ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

Deposition of dust in the respiratory system: The effect of dust on the

respiratory system is divided according to the size of its particles, as shown in
Table 5.3.

Dust Size Effect

Dust size more than 10

It is deposited in the lower air layers
microns

It is deposited in the upper

Dust size from 5 to 10 microns respiratory tract

It is deposited in the middle

Dust size from 3 to 5 microns respiratory tract
It is deposited in the alveoli in the
Dust size from 1 to 3 microns lungs
Lesson 5: RISKS AT WORK ENVIRONMENT

Go out with exhaled air due to its

Dust size from 1 to 0.1 micron light weight
It sticks to the alveoli wall or
Dust less than 0.1 micron penetrates into the lung tissue
Table 5.3 Effects of Dust On Respiratory System

SECOND: RISKS ARISING FROM GASES, FUMES AND

SMOKE IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT
Fumes are a mixture of small particles of solid or liquid matter resulting from
natural or chemical processes such as combustion and smelting, and they are
formed as a result of mixing of gases with particles of molten metals and they
rise in the atmosphere and are attached to it such as oxides of gases such as
lead and arsenic, while gases are composed of fine particles as a result of
molten gas leakage or evaporation Liquids, and they rise in the air according
to the laws of gas diffusion and are related to it, and they affect the respiratory
system, the mucous membrane of the nose, or the trachea and lungs, a quick
direct effect such as ammonia and chlorine, or they affect after a period of
time such as oxygen and nitrogen gas, and the vapors are the substances that
volatilize In the atmosphere at normal temperatures such as benzene and
chloroform.

NOTE:
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64
SIMPLE INERT OR ASPHYXIATING GAS
The mere presence of it and replacing it with a volume of air reduces the
proportion of oxygen in the air of breathing, and suffocation takes place, the
effect of the low oxygen content in the air on the body.
Examples of these gases (methane-nitrogen monoxide-ethylene-hydrogen).

IRRITATING OR INFLAMMATORY GAS

Exposure to it leads to inflammation of the tissues exposed to its effect and
varies according to several factors:
• The degree of gas concentration in the air.
• The degree of solubility of gas in water.
• The degree of gas activity.
Examples of these gases (acrolein-ammonia-formaldehyde-chlorine-sulfur
dioxide-nitrogen dioxide).

TOXIC GAS

SAFETY
It affects the body after its absorption and its effect is the result of reactions

that take place in the tissues and organs that reach it through the blood, for

Example: Chemical asphyxiating gases (carbon monoxide - hydrogen sulfide).

TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fig. 5.5 Chemical Hazards Resulting from Gases

NOTE:
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65
 ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
These are the risks resulting from the presence of diseases caused by
bacteria, germs and viruses found in living organisms, skins, fruits or
vegetables, which are transmitted when circulated to workers in this field,
including tuberculosis.
Lesson 5: RISKS AT WORK ENVIRONMENT

NOTE:
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66
LESSON 6
CULTURE OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH & SAFETY-
INFORMATIVE STICKERS /
LABELS

67
68
SAFETY AT WORKPLACE

WEAR APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Fig. 6.1 Personal Protective Equipment

SAFETY
ENSURING SAFE PASSAGES AND AN ORDERLY
WORKPLACE

Always clean the road from waste and excess materials, and ask others to do
so. A road full of materials and waste is a road of high risk.

TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

NOTE:
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69
Lesson 6: CULTURE OF OHS INFORMATIVE STICKERS / LABELS ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

Fig. 6.2 Organization of the workplace

If you work in a high place, make sure that you are protected by additional
systems to prevent falls

NOTE:
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 SAFETY
TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fig. 6.3 Safe Workplace

 Do not bypass mobile equipment (machines) without alerting the

machine operator.
 Do not always assume that you are in the field of vision of the
equipment operator - equipment has different levels of vision.
 Be patient and do not be in a hurry when you want to pass.

NOTE:
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Lesson 6: CULTURE OF OHS INFORMATIVE STICKERS / LABELS ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

Fig. 6.4 Avoid Mobile Equipment

 Do not operate in high altitude areas without applying risk management

measures.

NOTE:
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72
 SAFETY
Fig. 6.5 Work at Heights

 Adherence to safety rules when lifting heavy weights

TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

NOTE:
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73
Lesson 6: CULTURE OF OHS INFORMATIVE STICKERS / LABELS ment System of Occupational Health and Safety

Fig. 6.6 Lifting Heavy Weigts

 Caution when working with chemicals and dust.

NOTE:
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74
 SAFETY
Fig. 6.7 Chemicals and Dust

 Always identify and control risks

 Gaps - openings in the ground

TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fig. 6.8 Identify Risks

NOTE:
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76
LESSON 7
SAFETY PROCEDURES

77
78
INTRODUCTION
Every company, department, or work site must declare and clarify safety
procedures for all workers and explain how to deal within work and in
emergency situations and during the implementation and performance of their
tasks in a manner that preserve their safety and the safety of their colleagues
and property. We review some of these procedures to get to know them and to
know the importance of each.

SAFETY MEASURES IN CARRYING OUT WORKS

Procedures for controlling and organizing the proper performance of
especially critical tasks and reducing the possibility of danger, including how to
deal in the event of an accident

SAFE WORK PROCEDURES

They come on top of the safety measures required to carry out dangerous

SAFETY
work and tasks.
Definition: They are sequential steps to perform the task that ensures
compliance with reducing the possibility of losses to the least possible, as well
as improving productivity. They are developed by experts who specialize in
performing these tasks and are approved by the management.
Safe work procedures must also be available to all workers and easily
accessible at any time, and the worker must receive adequate training on
them and be subject to periodic monitoring to measure his commitment to
them and to find improvement notes that may include modifications in the
procedures.

The work within the company is done in the following model according to the
5-star safety system shown in Figure 7.1.
TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

NOTE:
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Lesson 7: SAFETY PROCEDURES ent System of Occutional Health and Safety

Fig. 7.1 Safe Work Procedures

SYSTEM OF WORK PERMIT PROCEDURES

A work permit is a document issued by a permit issuer to a recipient to
perform a specific work that contains minimum safety requirements. It aims to
reduce the possibility of loss and provide a safe and risk-free work
environment
Work permit procedures must be clear, approved, and publicized, and contain:
All definitions and concepts of work permits such as:
 Identify the source and the recipient
 Mechanism for opening a work permit
 Types of permits in force
 The responsibilities of the issuer and the recipient
 Mechanism for transferring or extending the permit
 Duration of the permit
 Close the work permit
Noting that failure to adhere to the work permit system leads to the entitlement
of a penalty by the company in accordance with the Saudi Electricity Company
work regulation, Table 7.1

NOTE:
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 Violation Type 1st Time 2nd Time 3rd Time

Violations of Security and Safety Rules

Termination,
Working Without A Work Final written but with
5 days
Permit warning Service
Reward
An Explicit Violation Of The
Procedures For Issuing Or
Receiving Work Permits
Termination, but with Service Reward
Caused Serious Injury That
Led To The Death Of One Of
The Employees
An explicit violation of the
procedures for issuing or
receiving work permits Final
Termination, but with
caused serious injury that written
Service Reward

SAFETY
warning
led to total or partial
disabilityof one of the
employees
Working in a dangerous Termination,
area without using Final written but with
5 days
personal protective warning Service
Reward
equipment
Table 7.1 Penalties for Work Permits Violations

TARGET COMETENCIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

NOTE:
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Lesson 7: SAFETY PROCEDURES ent System of Occutional Health and Safety

Fig. 7.2 A Sample Work Permit

NOTE:
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82
PROCEDURES FOR ISOLATION AND LOCKING
SYSTEM
The isolation and locking system procedures are an integral part of work
permits, as they aim to ensure the isolation of all sources of energy, pressures
and harmful substances and to prevent any unintended or accidental
operation during work. Isolation shall be mechanical and electrical through the
use of isolation devices and warning cards, Figure 7.3

SAFETY
Fig. 7.3 Isolation Devices and Cards

These procedures must be approved and contain:

 Important definitions (separating device - locking device - warning
labels).
 Defining the responsibilities.
 Controls and specifications of locks and warning cards, such as if they

TARGET COMETENCIES
are approved and there are no more than two keys for one lock and
TABLE OF CONTENTS
that the card contains the name of the operator, the purpose of the card
and the date.
 Controls for breaking locks and the need for it to be through a report
(date - the name of the employee who placed the lock - the reason for
removing the lock - the lock number - the work permit number - the
signatures of officials).
 Types of locks (insurance locks - protection locks).

NOTE:
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 ent System of Occutional Health and Safety

ACCIDENT REPORTING PROCEDURES

It is a mechanism for reporting and investigating accidents that resulted in
injuries or damage to property or interruption of work in order to analyze their
causes and work to solve them in order to avoid the occurrence of similar
incidents
Accident reporting contains:
 Important definitions such as the definition of an accident - an accident
that almost occurred - a work injury - types of accidents.
 Rapid reporting to the line manager and to the industrial security
department in the business area.
 The initial report on accidents and accidents that nearly happened
Figure 7.4.
 Investigation of major - medium - minor accidents.
 The employee's responsibility towards reporting accidents that nearly
happened (immediate reporting - visiting a medical center - participating
in the investigation).
Lesson 7: SAFETY PROCEDURES

Fig. 7.4 An Initial Accident Report Form

NOTE:
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84
GENERAL SAFETY MEASURES
There are some other multiple measures that are announced and dealt with
inside the work site to achieve safety and security for all, as well as to control
risks and reduce percentage of loss.

RISK ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

These procedures are considered among the most important procedures that
must be applied to all sites and businesses within the company with a
comprehensive inventory of all risks that may result in risks and cause losses.
Reducing risks to the lowest acceptable level.
Risk assessment procedures include:
• Explanation of the risk matrix (Figure 7.2).

Risk Assessment Matrix

5

SAFETY
5 10 15 20 25
Almost ( low medium high Very high Very high
)Certain
4
4 8 12 16 20
low medium high Very high Very high
Likelihood

)Likely(
3
3 6 9 12 15
low low medium high high
)Possible(
2
2 4 6 8 10
low low low medium medium
)Unlikely(
1
1 2 3 4 5
low low low low low
)Rear(
1 2 3 4 5

)Insignificant( )Minor( )Moderate( )Major( )Catastrophic( TARGET COMETENCIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Severity
Table 7.2 Illustrates The Risk Assessment Matrix

NOTE:
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85
 ent System of Occutional Health and Safety
Through the previous risk assessment matrix, the procedures for applying the
risk assessment matrix can be obtained, as shown in Table 7.3. We can deal
with the risk in a proper manner, especially those that fall within the
unacceptable level.

Risk rate Risk level Explanation of risk matrix

Stop work and review the

means of control (elimination
16-25 Very High - avoiding the risk and
implementing the action plan
and risk is given top priority
Proactively manage and
implement specific controls /
12-15 High action plan - review after
seven days
Effectively manage and
monitor - Provide
8-10 Medium additional controls and
review after 30 days
Acceptable risk level -
monitor and manage as
1-6 Low required by continuous
Lesson 7: SAFETY PROCEDURES

review
Table 7.3 illustrates the procedures for applying the risk assessment
matrix

 Some definitions (risk - risk assessment).

 Means of controlling risks.
 Risk assessment steps (identifying the risk - identifying the risks -
assessing the risk - developing the appropriate risk control strategy -
determining the person responsible for implementation - monitoring and
review).

Evacuation Procedures
Every employee must be aware of the evacuation plan and the procedures to
be followed in the event of an emergency situation and that he has been
trained on it. The administration must also have an approved emergency plan
with specific roles and responsibilities. All employees should know the
measures that must be taken in the event of an emergency situation, and
when hearing the sound of the warning alarm as well as the plan. These
measures include:

NOTE:
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86
Actions taken by the employee
• Evacuate the building immediately and head to the nearest gathering point
• Take the nearest emergency exit lane
• Inform other colleagues that there is an emergency
• Do not use the elevator or return to bring personal belongings
• Do not push others or scramble
• Notify the evacuation officer at the gathering point and cooperate with the
supervisors
• Wait at the gathering point and follow the instructions until the case is over

PROCEDURES FOR ENTRY AND EXIT TO THE WORK

SITE
Safety pays attention to securing the entrances to the facilities and sites to
prevent the entry of non-employees except with specific controls and
procedures in order to ensure the site's privacy and the nature of the

SAFETY
business.
These procedures are:
• Ensure that the company ID is carried and viewed at the gate
• Vehicle inspection before entry
• Recording the visitor's name and data for non-employees after confirming
the purpose of the visit
• Car searches upon exit
• Keeping records and data

PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING VEHICLES

Vehicles are considered one of the most dangerous things that may cause

TARGET COMETENCIES
death, Therefore, care must be taken that they are in good condition and
TABLE OF CONTENTS
insured that they adhere to all safety requirements and instructions while
dealing with vehicles and adhere to the following procedures:
• The employee must have a valid driver's license.
• To have a preventive driving course.
• Carrying out an inspection of the car before use, including (engine - water
and oil level - tires - battery - safety belt - lighting - safety tools such as fire
extinguisher and aid box).
• Signing an acknowledgment receipt of the car and a pledge to follow traffic
safety instructions.

NOTE:
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 ‫ هندسة العوامل البشرية‬7 ‫الدرس‬ ent System of Occutional Health and Safety

OHS GENERAL INDUCTION

Contractor’s Short Course

(CSCC00)

May-2021

CURRICULUM & COMPETENCIES

DEVELOPMENT DIVISION (CCDD)
BOOK EDITION

TRAINING SERVICES & BUSINESS

DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
(TSBDD)

NOTE:
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88