MUST MEMORIZE MENTAL MATHS

Percentages
TABLES till 10 and Table of 25
25 125

1
SQUARE CUBES
12 1 112 121 13 1 1 1 I
24 4 12 144 23 2 2 2 8
32 9 132 169 33 3 3 3 27
42 16 14 196 43 64
52 25 15 225 53 125
6536 162 256 63 216
72 49 17 289 73 343
82 64 184 324 83 512
92 81 192 361 93 729
102 100 202 400 103 000

You

ago

Bgdade.hr
 f4oTopi
8BigTopics32Smal Topics O

LEVEL 40241 IGCSE 0580

P1 2h SmallQuestions P2 1h30min Small Questions

No calculator calculator allowed

P2 2h30min
BigQuestions P4 2h30min Biganestion
Calculator allowed Calculator Allowed
 ARITHEMATICS
5 marks

BODMAS
F FRACTIONS
3 DECIMALS
4 DIFFERENCE MIDLEVALUE
55 NUMBER FAMILIES
6 ADDITION SUBTRACTION RULES
BODIMAS

1 18
223 4 MajorBlunder

18 6 4
18 2
16

2 3 23 31 2 5
63 wrong 10 wrong
3 8
24
 4 Sin 30 2 BODMAS
Brackets
Sinbo Wrong Iperators

1 power
25in30 Correct
2 sinkos tan

5 Tin 3
Sink Wrong

3 sink correct

ADD SUB MULTIPLY DIVIDE

Same sign ADD sign of t

opp sign sub Bigger no If I

3 5 2 2 3 f

2 9 11 2

21 12K 10K
5 f 3 15
4g 12g 164
2
42
21 5 16

4 18 14

11 14
FRACTIONS
ADD SUB Rule Make denominator
same

7
Etf
19
20

2 E 2
 7
No need to open
mint
They are simplified this way
2 3 1

FRACTIONS MATRICES
VECTORS
MULTIPLY
2
I s

1
4
2 431

This correction will fix three chapters

Matrices vectors Algebra

 Solve leaving your answer as improperfraction
DIVIDE 1
7

II

PROPER IMPROPER
NSD NZD

IMPROPER MIXED

IF
9
ion

MIXED IMPROPER

3357
 Mixture of decimal and fraction
hence we cannot
leave as
final Answer

1 1.5
23
If Question is silent all of these are correct

Oe or
equivalent forms

STANDARA FORM SIGFIGS MATRICES

DECIMALS

ADD SUB Rule Decimal beneath decimal

I 12.35 6.4 12.35 6 4
12.35 12.35
35
98 06 40
05.95
 MULTIPLY
2
2 1
0.02 1.6 02
2dp Idp 3dp

2 4 0.003 72 24
Idp t 3dp Gdp

9 0.3 2.7
dp Idp Idp

DIVIDE
Method 1 Methods
1 1.6 10 16
0.4 10 5

2 3
8 31
2 6
8 30 35
3 073 07
64 8 88
9 and 9.0 is same
9 and 0.9 are different
 123.4 1.234
12,1 12,3

12.34 0.7
I

For 0 Levels 4024 only

In P1 Tactic for decimal

0.6 we want to make

44 denominator 10 100 1000
So that we can

0.4 quickly convert to

decimal

3 4 0.12

0.35 0.35

P1 Tactic Half Any number mentally

24 48

850
84
42 5
5
650
2650
2604
132 5

MEMORIZE THESE

12 0.5 0.2 12 075 123

4 0.25 0.75
25 0 2 2515
 Arithematics STATS Algebriac
DIFFERENCE Scenario
Difference is always Positive
DIFFERENCE Smaller
Bigger

Q Find difference between

and 13
B S 7 13
Diff 7 13
6

For sciences
only
change final initial

Change can have a

negative
value

Before After
Change FINAL INITIAL
1 5 4
 Arithematics
Midway Halfway value
STATS

Q Find the decimal value that lies

exactly halfway 3.7 and 5.3
of
3.7 5 3
Steps ADD 4.5
Steps 2 2 21

Q Find fraction that is

excatly
halfway of and

Steps Add
Is
Cmark At
m

steps 2
F
 NUMBER FAMILIES
Grade 11 tation Probability

NUMBERS

2 WHOLE 01 1 2 3,4
ÉÉÉÉÉfÉ
NUMBERS
I

3 INTEGERS Any number without decimal or fraction

4 EVEN NUMBERS Leaves Noremainder whendividedby2

8214161910

5 ODD NUMBERS
1 3 5,7 9 11

6 PRIME NUMBERS EXACTLYTWO FACTORS

 not a A Q Q
PRIME

7 COMPOSITE NUMBERS More than 2 factors

I 117 115 Y
NOT A
composite
I and O are not a part of prime compositefamily

FACTORS MULTIPLES

1 2,3 4 6 12 24 36 48,60
t
12 is both a

factorand a
multipleof
itself
A 3.142 are all
24
completely different numbers

I 31k 4
to each other
They are
just really close
 RATIONAL IRRATIONAL
can be written as a cannot be written as

pure fraction a pure fraction

a 0.3 Irrational numbers are of 3types
1 x̅ symbol only
b 0.0005 2 not exact
52,53 55,56 etc
c 3.142 3 35 not exact
352 353 35 etc
d
2,2
123456
e 6 0.123456
1000000

0.123456 789 14 47
2

f 56 4

3 14159 we do not know

g Recurring Decimals how
many zeros to
are rational divide with

RECURRING DECIMALS Maths ppl have a very

0.3 0.33333 clever way to convert
to
0.125 0.125555 Recurring decimals
0 136 0 136363636 fractions eg
123 0.123123123 0.3 0 333
 Yational frational

Q x̅ 352
5,1
Circle the irrational ones ritional

Q Write down an irrational number

between 3 and 4

IE Ans A
x̅

Eneinans. Q
Write down an irrational
between 1 and 2
number

R Rationalans 5

Q Write down an irrational number

between 7 and 8
 irratindD Ans
153

Percentage Fraction
or
Decimal

Q as decimal 0.08
i Express 8

i Express 40 as fraction in lowest form

in Express as a percentage

58 75

Iv Express 0.12 as percentage

0.12 100 12
Memorize THESE
0.5 0.2
I I
0.25 0.75
4 4
Always make 1 extra decimalplace than given value

Too
0 0 0 0 04 0
3050

Always write
the originalnumbers in
Net
the answer space
0.39 46
0

0.750 0.850 0800

III.tt iEi
1 0
0
 1

72
1 (a) Express as a fraction in its lowest terms.
108

(b) Evaluate
1 4
+ .
2
3 7

125
64
Answer (a) ................................................. [1]

(b) ................................................. [1]

2 (a) Evaluate 63 ÷ 0.9 .

13
Answer (a) ................................................. [1]

te
(b) Add brackets to the expression in the answer space to make it correct.

I
Answer (b) 1 + 72 ÷ 4 × 2 = 10 [1]

0.64666

3 Evaluate

(a) 0.4 × 0.06 ,

0.6 0.6 0.66 0.67
0.6700
3
(b) 0.008 .

0.6000 0.6670 0

Answer (a) ........................................... [1]

(b) ........................................... [1]

 DAILY MATHS 20 Marks P1 P2
F UNIT CONVERSION

F RATIO
CURRENCY CONVERSION
V4 PIE CHARTS
F MAPS SCALES
G PERCENTAGES
F INTEREST SIMPLE COMPOUND

unitcomusion
UNIT CONVERSION Mensuration
Kinematics

10 100 1000
Length mm cm m km

1000 1000
Mass tons
g kg
1000 1000
Volume ml or cm3 litres m3

60 60
Time see min hours

RULE Forward Backward X

 Basic
convert 40000mm tom convert o 03ms to litre

mg.FI ooVm1ooo
km me t
nh
gon 0.03 X 1000
ypg 30 litres
ADVANCED

D 20000cm m Step1 Ignore power

rule Divideby 00
and then develop rule
mm
10
Eton ooo km Steps Apply the rule
2m as many times as
power
1 995

2 0.0002 m mma
mnM 1000
km

0.0002 x 1000 X 1000

200 mm

3 20000mm am
Divideby 10
mhm
em 100 m
1000
km

20cm
9555
 RATIOS

Q Express 20cm as a ratio of 4m mark

you cannot take ratio
Most
if units are different
2 common Blender
Steps Make units same and then divide
20cm 4m

20 400
1 20
LIFE I
Q In a class boys to ratio is 3 4
girls
I 12 how
there
many boys
are mark
RATIO B G
3 4
GIRLS 4 12 Boys 3parts
BOYS 3
X X Girls 4parts
Total 7 parts
Diff I part
4K 12 3
x 31 2 3
 y
Q In a class boys É girls ratio is 5 7
If
WÉ2boys
students take class
how
many
total
mark

RATIO B G
5 7
Boys 5 20 13 5 parts
TOTAL 12 N G 7 parts
T 12 parts
52 12 20 D 2 parts
x 48 students
121,204
Q In class boys to ratio is 6 5
a
girls
JftDtmor
eboysthangirls
many girls how
there are mark

71 7 5
DIFF 1 7 K 35
GIRLS S
X
Q In a class boys to girls ratio is 3 S

if
how
many Fthane
total students
2N 12 8
are there

DIFF 2 12 N
X 121854
TOTAL 8 x
x 48

Total to
AB C

32 60 10
1 260 1
BEN 3 60
TOTAL IO XX x 200
 PIE CHARTS
we don't like
Angfjo thisformula

white red
ÉÉ ACTUAL
i green
GIVEN Blue

FIND

Memorize TOTAL ANGLE 360

Q Colours cars in
of a

parking lot were recorded

Red Blue and a pie chart was
constructed Given that
081
Green there are 12 blue cars
white
360 90 72 108
90

i Find Total cars in parking lot

72N 12 360
It ACTUAL
K 2 360
GIVEN BLUE 72 12 726
Find TOTAL 360 XK R 60 cars
til Given that there
is
green
cars are
find
angle for green cars on
pie chart
122 72 18
FFF ACTUAL K 726 18
GIVEN BLUE 72 12 121
FIND GREEN IT 18 K 108

Find number white cars

of oe or equivalent
It 1.5
3 affect
Its Actual Ing
12 1.5 co
GIVEN BLUE 72
Find WHITE 90 1 722 90 12
2 90 12 15Cars
72
2cm
Here

MAPS SCALES
On a 2cm represents 5km
map
i
Express this scale in the 1in imark
form
step 1 ALWAYSBring everything to cm k
step 2 Divide simplify and formratio
5km
202 x 100000

154ns
scale in
Z I 19900cm
1 250000 next parts
5280000 250000
 i on the two cities are 40cm apart
map
Find distance between both cities in km
2 2 5 40
K 5 40
SCALE 2cm 5km 2
CITIES 40cm K K 100km
NOTE UNITS MUST STAY SAME VERICALLY WHEN
WE ARE WORKING FOR MAPS and SCALES

Iii On the a lake has area 8cm Find

map
its actual area in km
LENGTH 2am 5km
SQUARE EVERYTHING TO CONVERT TO AREA SCALE

AREA 4cm 25km

4N 25 8
SCALE4cm 25km2 2 25 82
LAKE 8cm h 1

K 50km
 CONVERSION
CURRENCY

40 6
in on the below draw a currency conversion
grid
graph currency graph is always straightline
Poynds
is use your graph
to pounds in
find
a
É return for 5
20

10

thispoint 6 8 to boyars
me rise

Second point on a
currency
graph is always origin 0,0

Q 1 3 1 PKR 180

in Ali converts 8DHstpounds how

many pounds will he get
32 80
1 3 R 26 667 pounds
x Xg 83

in Ali converts 5ft How

will he
 y i g
PKR 2 180 5
1 180 x 900 rupees
5 Xx
in Ali converts 3600rupeestodollar
How dollars will he
many get i mark

3 PKR 180
p
PKR
3 180
x
X 3600
1802 3 3600
x 3 30628 60dollars
180

WHAT IF LEFT SIDES ARE NOT SAME

3 60 2 PKR 400
2 PKR 400
3 40 I I
1 20 1 PKR 200
Now LHS is same We can write thirdcurrency rate
20 PKR 200
 PERCENTAGES

obtained marks 100 100 809

Percentage 54
Marks Total marks

increase 180 5
42 Percentage x too

by 50 increase originalold 2 8
gang
50 decrease original old

BUYING SELLING

É
É profittmartin
th

up
mark
Maths
Profit 10

Profit 18 251
Percentage Profit x 100 45
originally
2
Cost

Ing 5
Loss

5 12.5
 g Original old yo

Beforediscount Listprice Markedprice

d
Now 150
Afterdiscount Sale Price
Discount 30

Discount 100 100 16.67

Percentage 38
Discount original old
price list
marked
SALE SELLING
ppg Price
SCENARIO
75445 SERIE

listfmark

ii
scenario
B sake

PERCENTAGES

DATA GIVEN PERCENTAGEGIVEN

FIND PERCENTAGE DATA MISSING

Use formula Before After

100
00
Original old
Q In a city population was soooo in 012 It rose

by 20 in 2018 Find population in2018

0
2012 2018 1002 120 X 80000
120 a 120 80000
population80000 2 100
x 96000

Q In a city population was 65000 in 2015 It was

more than population in 2014 Find
population in 2014

2014 2015 1302 65000 x 100

130 2 65000 100
Popol X 65000 130
R 50000
Q A shopkeeper
buys item for 50 keeps
an
a and sells it Find the
profit of
selling price cost
sey
cost SELL look 110 50
g
110 N 110450 p fit
50 2 100
R 55

Q In asale everything is off

An item has 18
price A
Find its markedprice
MARKED SALE 90N TOO X 18

90 N
1009yd
X 18
R 20
 TAX

ADD SUB
Included Deducted

Tax is at 10
t
This does not mean
ADD SUB This only
tells percentage

1202 60 100
2
60151
R 50
gÉ6 Tax 60 50
10

populationgrow
NuclearDecay
 SIMPLE COMPOUND
INTEREST INTEREST
BANKA 10 BANK B 10

1000 1000 101 100 1000 1000 10 100

Today Today
100

Year1
I
1100

1200
Year 1 1100
110
1100 101 110

Year 2 year 121011210mi

lool 121
Years 1300
Year 1331

INTEREST HARAM HOTA HAY

t.FI
 SIMPLE INTEREST I P

STARTINGAMOUNT AND INTERESTRATE GIVEN

TYPE
x
PERCENTAGE INTEREST
SITTING INTEREST
FORONE COMPLETE
YEAR

Q Ali invests É in a bank at

Find
it
Deet for 4
years
is Total amount of interest earned in 4years
4000 x 10 4000 x 400 interest for one year
x 4 Years
Total Interest 1600

ai His final bank balance at end of 4years

Ei
4000
FAE1600

4000
1600
Final Bank Balance5600
 STARTING Rate
Q Ali invest 60 in a bank at
Dpm for 8 months
Find the interest earned in
8 months 12months
600 20 0 600 2 120 interest foroneyeard
0

Interest Months 122 120 8

120 N
x x 122
x 80
TYPE STARTING AMOUNT MISSING
SIR ZAIN'S FAV BOXES
Ali invested some amount in a bank
Q at 20 Simple interest Given that he
had 1280 at end
of three
years
amount he
find the
invested
starting
160K 1280 100
1280 100 94 a'Efate fig
EH fo 160
I 1280 K 800

Note Percentage interest rate is

for ONE YEAR
in box
for percentage we add rate
as
many times as number of year
e we added 20 three times because
A 3
years
TYPES INTEREST RATE MISSING

Ali invests 800 in bank at

Q a

DWI His
final bank balance
after 2 is 1120 Find the
years
percentage simple interest
years
g
800 1120

Interest for 2 years 1120 800 320

2 Years
Interest for 1 year 160

Percentage Interest for1 Year X 100 x lot 20

lg
merest original old
 COMPOUND
INTEREST with calculator
j

F P it
I 1
Final Present
Bank Value
Balance STARTING
AMOUNT

F P
Itf
THIS FORMULA IS USED
1 COMPOUND INTEREST
2 EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
Q Ali invests 0 in a bank at
r
Find Dpounditretfortyears
Kafka at end
of 4years
F P
Itf
F 4000 it

F 5856 4

Total interest earned in years

É 5856.4
4000

5856.4 4000 1856 4

 ALGEBRA 20 25 Marks
V1 Indices
V2 Factorization
ÉÑ V3 Quadratic Equation Solving
V4 Makingsubject
V5 Simultaneous Eq
V6 Functions
T Algebaic Expansions
Most important
 ALGEBRA
INDICES Marks
ipod

INDEX POWER Base

INDICES POWERS

I am x an amin
Samebases Multiply Powers added

n
am an am
Same bases Divide PowersSubtract

CAUTION
this cannot
am an x be simplified
further
am an x
GOLDEN RULE ALL PROPERTIES OF
INDICES ONLY WORK
FOR MULTIPLY DIVIDE
Example
5
1 23 25 23 28

2 45 45
2
43
42

2 am x b a xb If two different
bases with same
am m
power are being
pm f multiplied Divided
you can take
power common
CAUTION
you are not allowed to take
power common
if terms are

being add SUB

am tbh ah
am bm a
BaseforAlgebra

at t b Wth ftp ie
 44
aka
4
at b
4 sit
35

a x b ax by Grant
m
3 a xb amxbm you are allowed
m
to open power
am if terms
g bm
directly
are being
Multiplied Divided
CAUTION
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO OPEN
POWER DIRECTLY IF TERMS
ARE ADD SUB
BEING
atb amfm
a b fm
am

2
47 412
1 in 25 in 5
22 22 5
This is
wrong
we this using
open
atb a Zab tb
2
a b 92 Lab tb
 C
we will learn to use these later
xn
4 Am am
POWER KI POWER MULTIPLY HOGI

x x Ex

5 NEGATIVE POWERS
MATHS PPL HATE NEGATIVE POWERS
at

If we
reciprocate base 1 sign of
power changes
2
EI 1

2
6 9 1 0
30 1 we do
not like
7 1
to talk
1 2 1 about this

E 1 51 26
2
2 4 4 3 5 5
1

to 55

7 199 1

13 1 Q 32 1
15 1 23
3 1
1
5
941
13 1
8 FRACTIONAL POWERS SURDS

3 I x's
Fav Power

Method 1 Method 2
2
1 83 23 2
33 22 4 1 83 855 135 2 4

643 6435 645 564 45 16

44 11 42
2 2
16

3 64 8 83 512 3 64 64
564
83 512

9
x 4ᵗʰ
goes to other side
when power
it is
of sign
reciprocated

E 1 23
83
2
4
 2
of 16

10 POWERS AND DECIMALS ARE NOT FRIENDS

EX 1 0.2 E 155 25
E
2 0 008 02
3

EQUATION SOLVING

1 7m 73 7 You can cancel

7m 75 base only if
m 3 12 1
Single base
m 9 2 Same base

2 125
5,1
m 4
5
m 4 3
 m 7

3 7 7 1 0 1 25 24 1
1m14 Ineffaf 28
71 4 170 1 2Mt 1
m 4 0 28
4 8
m 2m74 1
4
2m 2

min P
4 8 2
23 2
2 21 wrongTreatment
36 1

5 10 0.001
10 I
1000

10

3
101
C 3
 Steps Simplify and
5 Simplify cancel everything
186
45
possible inside bracket

1
3
Steps open the power
directly on each term
and simplify
1 5
4

2 2
3 x

4s
2
9

if
Ij

4
16
48
4
8
Y
4 22
44
4MARKS FACTORIZATION I
Ans Fatorize
a2 b atb a

TWOTERMS Steps Take common if possible

Step2 a b atb a b
FACTORIZE
1 4 10 4 522 20 6 4 43 1624
2
212 5 51 4
2
2 6 9 5 1 5 125 4 4142 4
x 3 5 x 2 2 2
2 3 71 3 5 722 63
3 1 1622 7122 9
1 4 12 7 x 35
1 4 761 42 71 376 3

THREE TERMS MIDDLETERM BREAKING

1 12
a 1
11 1 12 13

22 32 42 12 4 2 6 8
1 3 4
2 3 41 3 3 4 7
3 2 4
2 Ét6X 1 15 1 16 17
2 8 10

22 82 22 16 0 44 8
6 8 2 x 8 8 2 6
2 8 x 2

Rule If the Dist term of any group is

negative it is COMPULSORY TO
take ve common
When we take re common

signs inside bracket change

3
1051227200 19 1 20 21
22 2x 10K 20 8 2 10

x 2 10 x 2 1 4 5 9
x 10 x 2 2 10 12
2 10 12
 4 22 240 24
1 24

22 bx 42 24 2 12

x 6 4 x 6 3 8
x 6 2 4 4 6
6 4 2
6 4 2

5 022297 150 30
222 302 12 15 29 1 30
2 15
2 2 15 1 2 15
2 15 22 1 3 18
30 29

6
É4 y 1 12

22 624 2
4 1242 2 6
3 4
4
RCR G 24 x 64 6 2

12 64 2 6 2 4
24
 FOUR TERMS Group and take
common
E
ant bx
ay by
an bx
ay by
alkty b y
arty a b

Sometimes there is no common

in the groups We have to
the terms
rearrange
while
rearranging always
keep both positive terms first
and then both
negative term
 FACTORIZE SOLVE
Ans IL x D R

Factorize SOLVE

0 120 22 72 12 0
22 3 4 12 12 22 3 4 12 0
2 3 46 3 314 7 212 3 46 3 0 3 4
x 3 x 4 34 7 2 371 4 0 35.4 1
OR
Either 2 4 0

3 2 4

Solve
Q E
2n 3 2 1 0 Mark

the
1 0
21 3 2 1

1M 2 3 2 5 2

21 2 or 2
THIS IS WRONG
In this question first expand bring
to side then factorize
2
left
again
2T 2

2 5 371 15 2
22 2x 17 0

Now the examquestion

will be solved using
factorization
 QUADRATIC EQUATION SOLVING

are bx C 0

FACTORIZATION COMPLETED SQUARE FORMULA

Twoterms A X b C x b Jb24ac
1 Common za
2 a b atb a b a b and c are Make sure
you
numbers write formula and
Threeterm 1 signs can be do detailed
MiddleTermBreak
different working to earn
2 x 35 5 4 Marks
FourTerms 2 x 3 4
Group and take 2 x 57 2
common 3 x 5 7 12

2 3 Marks Only use completed 3 4 Marks

No mention method when Question has
of square
decimal places the first part ofquestion specified decimal
or significant to
requires go
to this places or significant
figures form figures
Q Solve by factorization

22 8 2 16 0 1 16
x 8 21 8 0
x 8 2 2 0
L
8 2 6
x 8 0 or
2 8

21 X 25 0
x 5 7 0 X2 25 0
0
x 5 x 5 22 25
1525
5
5 or 5
Q Express 2
2
122 10 in form q x b c
completedsquareform
2
2 x2 6 135 3 5

2 9 5

25714
2 x 37 8
a x b c

9 2 C 8
 2
Q Express 3 242 30 in form a x b c
completedsquarefor'm
2
8 11
31 145 10

31T 16 10

3575 2
6
3 x 4 18
a x b c

9 3 0 18
44
Q Express 222 20K 7 in form a x b c

2 X 10 155 155
12

FTII2
21
2

2 n 5 50 7
2
2 x 5 43
a x b C

Q Convert the following to form a x b c

i 2k 122 4
2 x2 62 3 3 2

2
2 R 3 9 2

EAT
2 n 3 14
 Afx b c

a 2 2 14

111 322 182 27

2
3 x 62 3 35 9
2
3 x 3 9 9

3 6 3

111 x2 12K 5
2
122 6 6 5
x
2
R 6 36 5
2
1 x 6 31
a x b c
Iv 506 402 10
2 2
5 x 8k 4 4 2

5 x 4 16 2

STEPS
2
5 x 4 90
a x b c

V 334 6004 3

3 R 202 405 105 1

3 R 10 100 I

355 49
3 n 1072 297
a x b c
Q i Express at 62 3 in
form 1 59
2
x 6 137 3 3
x 35 9 3
2
x 3 6

R 62 3 2 3 6

I solve at 6 3 0
giving
answer in
your form p Jq stating
values of P and q

22 6 3 0
2 3 6 0
x 3 IF
x 3 56
3156
p Jq
P 3 9 6
 QUADRATIC FORMULA

asttbx.to o

b b 4ac
2A

Q Solve 222 3x 1 0
up to 2dp 4
a 2 b 3 I
b b Hac
2A
1 3 372 412 1

212
x 3 17
4

3 517 3 17
4
or
4
CAUTION 3 57 14 wrong
3 57 4 correct

1.78 X 0.28
 Expansions

Factorize a b atb a b

MOST IMPORTANT PAGE IN MATHS

EXPANSIONS
tiffarent
Firstly atb a b allowed to open
a b a Xb power directly if
a b a xb terms are being
added subtracted
f
So Expand

atb at 2ab b a Zab b

2
oct 3 22 212 3 3 a 351 26 3 3
22 62 9 22 62 9
2 5 2n 2 a 5 1512
2
422 202 25 22 5 2n 2 2 5 5
3 42 3 4213 427 142 422 20 25
9 24K 16m
 MAKING SUBJECT OF FORMULA

TRICK Term being made subject should

be positive

Q Y Er
Make a
subject

3 2x
54
22 54 3
2K 3
57
3
254

Fy
9
4
h 9k
K
 T 2T

If
72g 422L
g 41,4

P2 7 44 3Ma
2p pt 4 1
4t pt Longest
2p 1
Question
2p 1 1 4 8
P t
p
P1 3Marks Longestquestion of paper

P2 3Marks Long question

 SIMULTAEOUS EQUATIONS

ELIMINATION SUBSTITUTION

Q 2k73g 5 Q xt2y
3
x
Yy 12 9 3
y
2
3rty 3 54 4
a
2g 7 2K
34
ELIMINATION
i
2
Letsmake
termssame
4 24 32 3 24 17
Samevalue 3 42 17 3 7
24 17
oppositesigns Ix 49
29 17 21
4 24 4
7 2
y
 3
48 2K 16
I 34
Y
2x 1 27 1
74 14 22 2 16
2
4 2K 14
K 7

SUBSTITUTION
K 29 4
4K 95 24 29 10 5
4629 y 95 24 18.5
116 44 95 24
116 95 44 24 Me
21 24
10.5
 I

19 4 7

124 1
351
124
1 334
364 3 354
364
354
 FUNCTIONS
4 MARKS P1
For IGCSE I will keep an extra class
as well since they have bit more in
syllabus

Input Number Output

Machines
y of f x

fix

f a 2K 5 gen 22 3

1
f 3 2137 5 11 5
g
E 173
73 7 6 2kt 5
2
g 2 2
f K

25 7 t 3 2 t 3 5
3
f 10 2 107 5 f
4 5 5 73 28 8 Kt 1 K 1 3
g g
TYPE

Q f x 2 5
Given that f 3 t 2
find it
f 3 t 2
2 3 5 t 2
11 t 2
t 9

Q g
n 32 5
Given that g K 12
find K

K 12
g
3k 5 12
3K 17
K
 3
Q f x 42

Given that f t t
find t

f t t

4t 3 t
4t t 3
4t t 3
3t 3
t 1

Q g a 22 3

Given that g K K find k

K K
g
2K 3 K
2k K 3
2K K 3
K 3
Q f n 3K 7

Given that f 3 1 12 findt

3 124
f 1

313 1 7 12T
at 3 7 127
10 12 9t
10 3t

INVERSE OF A FUNCTION Symbol

f a

Beware
Put 2
f1 in1function
means

STEPS Q f x 2 3 f a

1 Replace fin y Find inverse

22 3
y3 22
2 Make a subject
y 3
y
3 Replace
fix 12
3
y x
f x
2
Q fix 12 22 Find inverse
12 2K
y
2k 12
y 12
2K Y
K 12 y
2

f x 12 2
2

3 Find
Q f a 2
52
inverse

2 3
y 5K
5 22 3
4
5 22 3
4 3
2
54
3
2
5y
 STATISTICS PersonalDeadline
In
25 30 Marks PatP2 NotesYaad
Bad Dye
EASIEST PORTION 2 Paworksheet
Mworksheettwich

Mode Median mean Range

F Histograms
Cumulative Frequency
I
3

www.satu.ee
MODE MEDIAN MEAN RANGE

RAW DATA NO FREQUENCY TABLE

10 8 7 8 10 6 11 10
10 5 7 6 8 9 10 10
Total n 16

II MODE MOST OCCURING VALUE 10

II MEDIAN MIDDLE VALUE
STEP 1 ARRANGE IN INCREASING ORDER

5 G
6,7 7,8 8,8 9,10 10,10 10,10 10,11
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
8 8.5 MEDIAN
ADJ 29
BI MEAN AVERAGE Swung

576 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 Hot lot lot 11

16
Mean 8.43750

141 RANGE MAX MIN

11 5
6

13 5 8 4,8 3 11,8
n 8
A MODE 8
A MEDIAN STEP 1 3 4 5 8 8 8 11 13
x x x x x x

8 8 Median
ABI 21
137 MEAN 3 4 5 8 8 8 11 t 13 75
6,1
8

II RANGE 13 3 10
 MEDIAN
FIRST METHOD CUTTING CAN ONLY USED FOR RAWDATA

It cannot be used to find median on TableData

So Lets learn a new method for median

to be used on table data later on

using method 2
Q 13 4 12 8 6 2 10 12 2 8
Find median

12,131
STEP1 ARRANGE
2 4 6,80 12

4 5thterm
It
Median 1 term 1 term
g
4thterm stterm

8 10
9
2
NOTE CUTTING METHOD IS USED FOR RAW DATA

FORMULA IS USED FOR TABLE DATA

 TABLE DATA SINGLE VALUE TABLE

remarksog f f x txt
Einitimes'Ities
Éii 10 10 X 1 10

n 60 Efx 70
f 60
Caution Becareful Do
MODE 2 not write 30 as Mode

b MEDIAN term
NII
6011 7th 30 5thterm
t
Both 31Stterm
term
1 2 1.5 median
at
14 MEAN ForTable make a new Column fx
mean tx
Tot
t
78 1
Caution For
range we subtract
R values Do not subtract the
d RANGE 2 0 2
frequency values
131 TABLE DATA RANGE TABLE

Midx 91 M f xx

54 10 52K 15
jiff 20 20 10 200
1515 25 is 30 25 750
31240 37.5 352K 40 10 10 37.5 375
1325
Ef 60 Efx
Total

A MODAL CLASS MODE 154K 35

mm
Median term
natl
term 305thterm
both
u v
30thterm 31stterm

Median 15 K 35
NOTE FOR A RANGE TABLE BOTH VALVES WILL BE ON SAMEFLOOR
SO NO NEED TO TAKE AVERAGE
C MEAN FOR TABLE NEW COLUMNS 1
fit
2 Middle Value x
Mean Efx 1325
Ef 60

40 5 35
 7

5,617,770,919,10110118
x x x xx x
x1 x

751 162 8 Median

Mid x Fx
25235 3 53 15
35th 4 30 4 120
5 50 5 250
6 15 6 90
f 100 Efx 475

Mean 4.75
Eff 488
 HISTOGRAMS Histogram Barcharts

SINGLE VALVE TABLE RANGE TABLE

New column class width difference
f a
b a

DIFFERENT
SAME
CLASS
THE WIDTH

EASIEST FREQUENCY DENSITY

Bar is made in such HISTOGRAM Column
a that the of Your
way
number on X axis LIFE FD FREQUENCY
is in middle bar
of CLASSWIDTH

FDA
fa

a Hmark

FREQUENCY POLYGON MAKE A HISTOGRAM AND

OF TOP
JOIN MIDPOINTS
OF EACH BAR
There is no need to
join
the lines to x axis at
ends
 I SINGLE VALVE TABLE
fA
K marks f 40 Frequency

30 1 polygon

b I L t marks
NOTE In single value table if there is a bar at Zero on maxis
move the whole x axis one box forward

STEPI Make new column Class width b a Difference

x axis y axis for

fifty x marks fj 40 o Freq Polygon
30 f
10 5 5
20

20 15 5
I 15 210
If
2s a marks
classwidth is same
we donot need it anymore
DrawSimplest histogramofyour
life
 x axis Y axis
Ctfu x marks f FD f CW
8
s

i
15 5 10 10 10 I

30 30 5 6

o f if it 2s 2
x marks
 AFTER YOU MAKE A FREQUENCY DENSITY HISTOGRAM

AREA UNDER OF FREQUENCY NUMBER

GRAPH DENSITY OF THINGS
HISTOGRAM

Area under graph

Q Find
aldo
Ptsd
marks
who scored between

b
f
5

y fy

e
Ie e

o stillÉÉ x marks
1 5 5 8
5 40
45students
 CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY IZ MARKS
TOTAL

Total n Ef 120
FREQUENCY TABLE

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCYTABLE

crota
58 88 104 113 118
10,9 20,22 30,58 40,88 50,104 60,113 70,118 80,120

1 Pencil
grip
Iii
3 5timefakedraw
 CFnd
aheadof ofdays

É qq.E.meaian Ia

É
MEDIAN
UPPER QUARTILE
Caution Formula
LOWER QUARTILE formedian is
INTERQUARTILE RANGE E termevery
PERCENTILE whereexcept
cumulativefreq
wheremedian
X Axis z
MEDIAN
604 check x ath
1 Median M 30.5
12 1220
for Median M

2 UPPER QUARTILE
9 check U 40,5
3,1 3112,0
taxis for
Uo

3 LOWER QUARTILE check

3 29 23
124 x axisfor
LO

4 INTERQUARTILE RANGE UpperQuartile LowerQuartile

40.5 23
17.5
Please make sure to subtract x axis values
5 PERCENTILE For Kthpercentile n x check x axis

For example
if you have to find 90thpercentile
120 91
100
check x axisfor
percentile
90thpercentile 54

NO
9801080
120

32 O

GO

YO

É E Ye goth
percentile

Interquartile
Range
 Y AXIS NUMBER OF THINGS

I Find Dmbécars who bought less than Zo litres

betweenO and20

22 O
22 cars

22

y0
got

I Find tears who bought more than 40litres

between40 and80

8s
120 88
32cars
 Y axis
Findumberofearwhoboghtbetman
30 and 50 litres
between and51
104

104 58

Is 46cars

NUMBER OFTHINGS

Area under graph y axis of

of a
Freq Density a cumulative
Histogram frequency graph
 SCATTER PLOTS
LINE OF BEST FIT CORRELATION
Y a
population
Concept
Job of line of
x best fit is to
show trendof
x plots

x tine

LINE OF BEST FIT

TREND LINE

DOS DONT'S
1 Average line through 1 Never FORCE THE Line
the points THROUGH origin o o

2 Almost equal balance 2 NEVER FORCE THE LINE

of points on each THROUGH FIRST AND

side
of line LAST Point

NEVER FORCE LINE To

of best fit must
Line 3
3
representTREND points Touch Maximum Points
of
 t t

t t
t
X x x x
x

POSITIVE NEGATIVE NO Zero

CORRELATION CORRELATION CORRELATION
x

Y
16,23 18,18 20,12 21,8

235 X

Negative
X axis 15

y axil 235
 My

X
x

x
27.5

12.9

positive

Oatis12.9
 GRAPHICALSOLUTION
42 Marks

Q y 424 71 27 4
N
72 4

i Complete the table below I Mark

2 I 0 I 2 3
Y
Lifesaving tip
Always use brackets while putting values
in
any equation
this is wrong

This is correct

On a
graph draw a smooth curve
3 Marks

Lets break these three marks

i mark Scale
On horizontal axis 2am represents a unit
tan represents sumit
5Smallboxes 1cm 10Small boxes 2cm
 thisapplies to
t all subjects
with
graphs
i
2
i

I I i I
II
i 2
agg
2
3
4

Sometimes the scale does not start

zero
from
This is wrong way of value
starting from another
o
f to I

II q

I PLOTS
 O or X
t
we prefer
doing this
Do not make a thick dot

Mark Smooth curve

Three main Basics
a Pencil
grip
b Hand direction
4 5 times fake draw

you will have a graph which

Now
look like this
may
y Nt7Nt4
His a
tangent to curve at
By drawing
2 3
find gradient of 2 curve
Marks

Y NtMt4 Steps to make a

Qaim good tangent

Ga wahexample
1
Tangent and curve
must point in same
g direction at that point
and
2 LONGER TANGENTS
r
ARE BETTER
3 Choose two points
on
tangent FAR AWAY
4 Find gradient
Ya Y
grad Nz 27

in what does this

gradient represent
I Mark

Y axis quantity
It is
rate of change
in
of
per unit change
x axis quantity
 Temperature y axisquantity
temperature
rate of changeof
per unit change in

g
Iannisquantity

Time
Temperature
feripteratmute
it is rate of change
unit in
of
per change Braulequintity

Popdation

HERE ONWARDS ALL PARTS ARE DIVIDED

IN TWO MAIN CASES

CASE 1 KEYWORDS SOLVE FIND THE SOLUTIONS

C Using the solve n'the 1 0

graph
Imark
YIÉÉTnt4
n in 1 0
3 73 3 3
Newline
3
 Ans Ans
Ty 3
stepsMakelefthandside
equal to originalequation Plot this on
graph
Step Replaceby Y
Steps Plotthisline
on your
graph
steps The x axis values
where the new line cuts
theoriginalgraph are
the finalanswers

MY Find using
graph solutions of 2772 3 012marks

original 2772 3 0
7 t 7
4 247 4
7
Y Iet
y 7
plot
HORIZONTAL
Ans ans
Ml Solve n 5kt 1 0 marks
usinggraph
ORIGINAL

y Nt7Nt4
N't 5kt 1 0
t 22 3 2243
9,5 y 2nt3
go
Ht4 22 3

Y 2273
Ans Ans
plot SLANT
Y 22 t 3
X O 1 2
3 2113 3 3
21031
214
y

Imf 1 In case I n and a terms

will always be same
2 For slant line make a new box
and take three values of a
 THIS IS USED IN 5 CHAPTERS
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL SLANT
LINE LINE LINE
KID
4 172
2
mate
Y
1 2 3
1 coordinategeometry 4 Transformations
2 GraphicalSolutions 5 Kinematics
3 Shading inequalities

CASE Z KEYWORDS POINTS OF INTERSECTION

SOLUTIONS

SCARY EQUATION

Ciii The points of intersection of curve

IIIIEstoppntand line y2ntsLim
solutions to
are AN But C o

Find values of A B and C Ianequation

in case 2
you will always have three equations

4 1 7 4 4 2 5 AX Bate O

It 7 4 2 5
22 4 5 0
 125 52 1 0
AN Bates
Ail 1
gigs I

The points of intersection of curve

y n't n th and line y

K 7
solutions
are to An But C
Find values A B and C op
of
Original curve New Line SCARY Noy
I
4 1 7 4 4 2 7 AXtBxtC O

22 7 4 2 7
It 7 2 4 7 0
1 It 6 11 0
AN Bx C O

A 1 13 6 C 11

Now we know that in case 2 we have

three equation

BASICQUESTION
curve line SCARY Noy
ALWAYS GIVEN GIVEN MISSING
ADVANCED

curve line SCARY Noy

ALWAYS GIVEN MISSING GIVEN
t
when line is missing
we use
y mxtc and
then start solving cases

The points
of intersection of the tonite
curve
4 22 4 72 and hid
are solutions to 2 22 7 0
Find equation of line L Isay'equation

original aune New Line SCARY Noy

4 12 71 4 Y mate 22 271 7 0

277 4 mate
I most 4 C O
71
Now take common in x values only
sit 17 m x t 4 C 0

of 22 7 0
17 mkt 2A 4 C 7
7 m 2 4 C 7
7 mt2 4 7
 M 5 2 11

Line Y mate
4 521 11

is solve
Binding
É
4 247 4
4 52411
92,2
g
Go

Ans Ans

Line L 4 52 11

x 0 1 2
y 519ft 54411 5214
 Three MENSURATION
iq NoMETRy AREA VOLUMES
20 25 Marks
TRIANGLES

1 HYP
a
6 Fo
EQUILATERAL I A T
b
ISOSCELES
RIGHT ANGLED
a and b
are called the
1 be
legs of right
IF ANY ONE ANGLE OF AN
Angle
ISOSCELES TRIANGLE IS 60

IT AUTOMATICALLY BECOMES
AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
 State value
of length AB I mark

AB 15
15 15
60
A 15 B THOUGHT PROCESS

2 OA 013 15 radius of circle

2 Now we know DOAB is isosceles
3 Angle at O is 60
IF ANY ONE ANGLE OF AN
ISOSCELES TRIANGLE IS 60

IT AUTOMATICALLY BECOMES
AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE

4 Hence all anglesand sides are equal

It
an
Ii's
Y
601
15
A
If I draw a height in a triangle will
it cut the base in two equal halves

I h

h h
Edi ÉTERAL

goggles If Iga
In SCALENE
case
of equilateral
and isosceles triangles Al
holes angles
it cuts in two equal are different are different

halves
 RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
900
No otherangles than one angle other than
90 are involved given is involved given
Fo d to be found

H H
a
T
B
E P
FaB
b

H a t b Sind P Sind
H
cos 0 B cos 0
H 42
tan D P tan 0
B 4
some ppl have SO H
Early Brown air
CAH
throughproperbruising TOA
Q Find value Ax

1 13 132 N t 52
s
T
169 75 25
x 169 25 212
I 144
71 544
x 12

2 I 102 42
x
go 22 100 t 16
T I 116
4 K J
x 10.7703
3 Sino
120 Py
N
T 301 5m30 N

BE V12
2 12 5m30
2 6

4 Cost
20
E
60 T cos60 I
N U 20
2 2020560
x 10

5
to tant Es
Boy
T
a
tan20
4
2 4 tan 20
x 1.45588
 Sino
I
6

30
t sin

x
sing
36 8699
NOTE sin cos tan
Inverse
trig ratios are Always used
when we have to find angle

6
she tank L
7 5

tariff
10 x

x 63.43494
 HBO
its
PO 4.5cos18 A
PO 4.279754

O
Sino
G
D siri
to
0 36.0319
 AD 11.68118 6 5.68118

11.68118

R
A
143 11.68118

107 6

8.248636
I B 8.248636

10.22 2132 62 14.32 8.248636 t CD

104.04 432 36 204.49 68.04 CD
432 68.04
43 136.45
CB 168.04
CD 136.45
43 8.248636
D 11.68118

5.68118
 5068118 5.68
MY 5068075 5.68
50680325 5 5.68

PO 111.514 74.2636
37.2517
742636
s
pig
s

p tTy TR a R
tan65 tan 55
12 91
PR 52 tan65 OR 526m55
PR 111.514
OR 74.2636
 IF NOT RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE

Sine Rule CosRule

I 1
Sine Rule only works
If no complete
in
if one complete pair is given
angle side pair is question
in question
given

SINE RULE

B C
sing Sui

f
Sig
c

c SineRule can only be

used if one
B
is
angle side pair
given in the question
 A SINE RULE
Q
sifting
m
n
40 C
Iger xsin30 15Sin
15
I 155m40403m
B
sin 30
K 19.2836

siri's is
only used
if we are

fans 3 trying to find angle

Q Findn SINE RULE

y

surfing
Em 12 six
12
185in 30
18 Six 185m30
12
Sink 0.75
x sin 0.75
x 48.590377
 not Right Pythagoras x
Q a
trig Ratios X
12 Complete pair x sine
Rule
RESET
is cos ruler

Cos Rule in cos Rule only one anglegets involved

otitis.FInn
A
g EIFe
b TEE at
ctfu h
cosa

qff a
c Egging

B cos B at E b
Lac
cos c a'tb E
Lab
 This is a part Make sure youdo
4 Mark
all steps exactly like this
use calculator or partsonly highlighted

K 00560 122 152 SE

12 21127 15
yn cos 60 369 N
70 15
360
3606560 369 x2
Note Jo cheese subject
banani no it should sit 36000560 369
be tue 1 369 3600560
I 189
x 589

2 13.7477

MI method V V x
2nd
I I I
Al Answer

If a student has nest

earned M marks
You cannot earn A
marks
 Q a
13
12
R
p A 15

TRIGONOMETRY
QUESTION

RIGHT ANGLED NOT RIGHT

ANGLED TRIANGLE
angles Angles one angle side No Pair
notinvolved involved pair is given Given

PYTHAGORAS TRIGRATIOS SINE RULE COSRule

2 marks 2 Marks 3 Marks 314

Marks

Branches 1 Area of atriangle

2 Angleof elevation depression
31 Bearings
4 How to use in 3D shapes
trig
 FIENSURATION
AREA OF A TRIANGLE
A x b x h
t r
f
base
he 90 DISTANCE FROM
h
a n h THIRD Point ON BASE Line

I based

Rule Every Triangle has 3 bases

Each base will have its own height
In formula you have to use
correct pair of base and height

Q Find area of this triangle

pots A x bx h
h 8

h 15 8
10 It
60
 THIRD POINT

T BEE
base

Q ti find area
of DABC

15 h A xbxh

TD 147 15
A
4 C 3 21
base
A 10
 base
r
h
L

IRD
IH

Base
S line
base

not
THIRD
L
p

o
d

Boye
 IF NO CORRECT PAIR OF BASE HEIGHT
is AVAILABLE
Now The Question will give an
angle
A
A sin
b y't c
neighboring Ingle
K B sides
I
g
a
C A b c sin A
I
A a c sin B
L
A b sin c
Ia
p Find area of triangle PQR
Q
12
A
Line.gov gismIigie

O
It 15
R
A 45
 p
Q 10 A 1 18 Sin 30
2
Tht R

37
It 18
the other neighboring side
is missing
Q
A I 18 10 Sin 42
2
A 60.22175

BEARINGS
Used to tell direction In
nary and aviation
North N

I W TT E
 we will do one to
easy question
understand the process
Q NORTH

a TTIP Bearingof
fromB
301,3pA
a Find bearing of B
LIAO 120

b Find bearing of A EMBO 90 90 90 30 300

PROCESS 1 Make cross on alphabet

after the word from

2
Split angles if possible

3 Mark all Z angles

4 Find bearings
 fromB

Q
North

g
110 y 7 BfromC

i
A 12.340 3 123.40
Rule
Find Bearing of
bmefosrtebedtnrgmdaig.ly

B a go 012.34
a
from 12 34
70 30 006.4
b C from A 100 6.4
C C B 90 50 140 0.5 000.5
from
d A from B 90 90 70 250
e
A from C 90 90 90 10 280
f B from C 90 90 90710 40 360 40 320
 ANGLE OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION

depression f

elevation
8h

Z 1es
Note 1 angle of angle of ang
elevation Depression
2 Both angle of elevation and angie
of depression are made with a
HORIZONTAL Line

Q depression Find angle

5 of depression
of B from D
A
A B 12 I
tame

tan
e
E
e 22.61986
e Angle of depression 22.61986
 P2 OBTUSE ANGLE VARIATION

Q Given that x is
I Finda
L STEP 1 IGNORE OBTUSE FIND
Sin sink
15 15
14 six 155m30
sink 155m30
14
sink

sin
Es

32.3924 ACUTE
STEP 2 NOW SUBTRACT FROM 180 TO GET OBTUSE
OBTUSE 180 ACUTE
180 32.3924
147.6076
 0 90 Acute
90 Right
90 180 Obtuse
180 Straight
180 360 Reflex

P1 SPECIAL CONCEPT 1 MARK

Acute

Sin 30 0.5 siniso 0.5

cos 30 0.866 205150 0.866
tan 30 0.577 tan 50 0.577
when there are two neighboring angles on
a
straight line one is acute other is obtuse
Numerical value
of sin cos tan of both angles is
exactly same
cos and tan obtuse angle is negative
of
 D

5
3
an
A B I

Find value of sina.IE

i sin cg 1 3 FEE I
ii cos DB F Cos Acute SinAcute
Iii tan CDB
If
cos obtuse sin obtuse
33

14 tan ABD
tan Acute

tan obtuse
 CosAcute
Sin180 0 sino
coscobturel cos180 0 cost
tan 180 0 tano

Acute

Treat this as if you have calculator

Sino 5BD 10 13
BD 1 3

BD 26 26

Right
Hastan

sineRule
MonRight
cosRule
 from A
V
90 9090 30 360 60 300
3
90 30 120

AfromB

Bearing 4mark

limarklyffmafsihngie fi
p'RE
cosRules

fromB

North
360 12 348

90 90 38
Bfromo
218
348
218
 Irrational
Pythagoras 589 57AB
89 25 AB
AB 89 25
6
Af 8

Pythagoras 5651 42 43 Area Law

7 4
65 16 43 28
CD 65 16
CD 49
CD549 7 28
 MENSURATION
P1 P2 20 MARKS

FORMULAS UNIT SIMILARITY

CONVERSIONS

2 D

AREA PERIMETER
DINOT MEMORIZE ANY
Memorize the FORMULA FOR PERIMETER
formula
Def SUM OF ALL OUTER SIDES

5 5

4 4

Perimeter 5 5 4 4 8 26
1 SQUARE Area LXL L

Perimeter Do notmemorize this

L
formula This is just
L
for practice
P LtL LtL 4L

2 Area Law
w

P 21 2w 2 Ltw

3 AREA OF TRIANGLE

Area
f
base height
bases
paper
h Édstance
h h fromTHIRD
point on base line
base

A find area
of AABC

v80 A
gxbxh
450
5 50
 B 12 C 2

SPECIAL TRIANGLE TO REMEMBER

r
base

Find area
of
ABC
Triangle
h

A B
Tv A x b h
8 4
base
A 8 3 12
21

IF NO PAIR OF CORRECT BASE

AND HEIGHT IS GIVEN
A
A Sin
 ha b
a 2
feigning Ingle
IE c sides of
IT a
thatangle

A c b Sir A
L
A a c Sui B
t
A a b Sui c
t
find
E area
oftriangle

pin 15 Sui 30
12
A
15 L
45

Q Mid
of triangle
area

121,115
730 A 12 15 Sui 42
21
60.22
 4 RHOMBUS PARALLELOGRAM

L L
h h

base base

Area Base
f
h 90 distance between
parallel lines

I find area
of
parallelogram
5
Area bth
9 4
36

5 TRAPEZIUM

a
b
h a
c h
7
b
 A
Ix
h x sum
of parallel sides
A hx atb

90 distance between
parallel sides

Area hx atb
a I
b A 5 12 6
21
S

A 5 18 45
12
6 CIRCLE
ERENCE PERIME
Area Ñr
gym

radius Perimeter 2AM

Cirkumference

P2 Use x̅ on calculator SHIFT MIDDLEBUTTON ON BOTTOMLINE

P1 Question will tell us value of A

If question is silent keep until it gets
writing it
 MajorSegments
Pacman PIE
CHORD

MinorSegment

SECTORS SEGMENTS

T r
r
Pacman

High to is feign

L
T

SECTORS
Pacmanand Pizza slice are goodfriends They use
the exact same formulas

Are
Q i Find area
of sector
are 161.5516

gift s

ii find arc length

418879
Arclength
foxar 3,88 2 18

Find Perimeter Sector

of
D 8 8 41 8879
578879

SEGMENTS
Area of major segment

PACMAN
major
segment
TRIANGLE

Area
of majorSegment PACMAN TRIANGLE
T sin

NOTE IN MAJOR SEGMENT PACMAN AND TRIANGLE

BOTH USE TWO DIFFERENT ANGLES
2012 FIND THE AREA OF MAJOR SEGMENT 4MARKS
MAJORSEGMENT PACMAN TRIANGLE
are
sing
4 a
4191 sin 60
a B 3
212 0575 35.0740
247.1315

AREA OF MINOR SEGMENT

MINOR SEGMENT PIZZA SLICE TRIANGLE

sin

NOTE FOR MINOR SEGMENT BOTH TRIANGLE AND

PIZZA SLICE USE SAME ANGLE
Find shaded region
area
of MINOR PIZZA TRIANGLE

8
SEGMENT
Exr I sin

sin6o
760 EXIST ff
8
33.5103 27.7128
5 7975

3 D SHAPES

1
VOLUME EXTERNALSURFACEAREA
Never memorizeformula
Memorize Def Sum of areas of all
Formula
outer faces of a shape

Curved surface
area of a cone
curvedsurface
area of
a
Fcontainers cylinder

To surface is missing Circle art

1 CUBE

V LXLXL L
L
TSA 6 12 612

CUBOID A wxh
z

thy
A
T L.IE
Lxwxh 1h
TSA 2 Lw 211h 21Wh

Top surface is missing

Q.Ano
pencuboidcontainerisshown find
total external surface area

A5 2 10 TotalSA 50 2 20 2110
A 0
2 50 40
L 20
10 2
110
5
 CYLINDER
CLOSEDTIN OPENCONTAINER PIPE
PEPSICAN GLASS

T aa
curved curved curved
surfacearea surfacearea surfacearea
ofacylinder ofacylinder ofacylinder

Bottom Bottom

circle circle

1 VOLUME IS SAME FOR ALL THREE TYPES

VOLUME x̅r h

TOTAL SURFACE AREA

h
1 TOP CIRCLE T.EE
V 2 BOTTOM CIRCLE Trt
Curvedsurface
3 area
of cylinder
CSAOT h
cylinder Inga
Fox 2A h
Book
For a full cylinder 0 360 35 2 xh zarh
Q find curved surface area
of this cake slice
h
8 fighter High
740 2hr h

2 10
10 14 1871

55.8505

Since cake is a

cylinder
we use same formulas
curved SA
for of
cake slice too
2 Find the curved surface
25
say area
of cinfiiner in
FLAT contact with water
CurvedSA Are ʰ
curtedsurface ofcylinder length
FLAT in Confff with

f
x2ñv xh

21181 25
9
331.6125
 UPRIGHTSHAPES
Trisms

TWO EQUAL AND PARALLEL FACES

VOLUME h pop
TTOP BAGG a

h
a
Base
Area
Area of I
cross section
Base
circle ñr
g
BA
Rectangle law

Top

h At

Base
h
At
BA.SE Fr Base minorsegment pizza Triangle

B
E sinO

Eye
h
BA bh sino
TOP
TOBE I

Hexagon

Bale Triangles

tin
 are

Find volume
of this cake slice
Base Volume Basearea h
8
94TH
n 40 h
ar

4 187 10
h 10
0
V
V 223.4021
Yop

POINTED SHAPES

85thIcan
beanyshape

BaseArea he
I
 CONE

n
1 Pythagoras
slantheight L h m
slantlength
h 2 VOLUME
i

V xñr xh

3 TOTAL SURFACE AREA

BASE CIRCLE ñr
CurvedSurface area
of cone Arl

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A CONE IS OPENED

It becomes a SECTOR

can be or Pacman
ps

T
k
BECOMES
1 SLANT HEIGHT OF CONE RADIUS OF SECTOR
BECOMES
2 CIRCUMFERENCE OFCONEBASE ARCLENGTH OF SECTOR
BECOMES
3 CURVED SA OF CONE AREA OF SECTOR
SPHERES
VOLUME x̅r

r
CurvedSurface area 4ñr
ofsphere

HEMISPHERE
DO NOT MEMORIZE
ANY NEW FORMULAS FOR
HEMISPHERES

SOLID HOLLOW

Halfesa421 2am
Halfesa421 2am

Circle Ar NOTHING

BOTH HAVE SAME VOLUME V Ar 2

CURVED SURFACE AREA

CONE
CYLINDER
SPHERE

CSA Arclength h CSA Arl CSA 4ñr

Forfullcylinder D 360
 SIMILARITY
1 AAA If all angles
of two differentsizedshapes
are are SIMILAR
equal they
2 FOR SIMILAR SHAPES RADTIO OF CORRESPONDING LENGTHS
IS EQUAL Divide

L
r

L
H

a R J

Q Check
if both shapes are similar
20

7 18
6 B
A
2
5 15

F Is
3 3 3 Not A and B are not
similar
 IF TWO SHAPES ARE SIMILAR
WE DO NOT APPLY MENSURATION FORMULAS
TO FIND AREA VOLUME
ratio
of
corresponding
AREA
II sides

VOLUME
4
mass
it E
Q ConeA and Cones are similar
B

A
15
5
9

FI
32 9
2 3
Threesurfaces

83.5

Ar h A 3.57 11
423 3296
1 Top circle Ar A 3.57 38.4845

2 Base circle 38.4845

3.57 11 241.9026
3
Fyi ftp.xh
fEox2afxh fx2a
Totalsurface area 318.8716
3188716

cm m
Edw
1 tin 318.8716 30 348.8716 cm
30000 tins
10466148cm 1046.6148m
1007100

8
7
I
313.248
19 d
100043 729 512 d 4373.248
19 d 7.2
d 729 512
1000 7.2
 COORDINATE GEOMETRY 4 Marks
Also Y Bez T2 A1 Bl

I
Midpoint
Kit's Title Mid 3
3,458
14,6

DISTANCE N n t Ya Y D 5 372 18 412

4 16 52
3
Gradient Slope Ya Y M
1243 42 2
m Nz N

Note Stickfigure alwaysgoes lefttoright

GRADIENT OF A LINE

gradient O gradients grade ve

undefined
ggradient we

Horizontal vertical upward Downward

EQUATION OF A LINE

3 1 2
3
4
mate
Y
HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL
SLANTING LINES
K mate
 1
EQUATION OF A SLANT LINE
METHOD I METHOD Z
Y mate y Y m x 04
Given 1 gradient m Given DGradient m
Y intercept c 2 Apoint on line
3 yint 2 x
y
pointwhere graph
cuts y axis

d Find equation of line that

lifeline
that has and has slopes and passes
through point X1,5
m 2 y int C 5 3
Y
m

mate y y m x ai
Y 1
22 5 y 5 3 x
4 3
y 5 3
3 3 5
y
3 2
4
O Find equation line which has
of
Dopes and it passes through 7,11
me 2 Y Y m R se X Y

Y 11 2 x 7

Y 11 22 14
2K 14 11
Y
22 3
y
Q Find equation
of line which has
2 and it passes through 13 x
m 2 Y Y m H R

y C1 2 x 3

Yt I 2x 6
2 6 1
Y
y 2x 5

Normal
fighters pending
NOTES
PERPENDICULAR
1 PARALLEL LINES D Lines

t
m2
m2
a
M XM 1
M M2
Parallel lines have SHORTCUT NEGATIVE RECIPROCAL
same gradients
 9 I
3
M I Ma
3 2

Y
M Mz 34

2 HOW TO TELL GRADIENT OF A LINE

FROM ITS EQUATION

3 22 12 3 12
Y y
22

Steps Make y subject 34 22 12

Steps Compare with
Y mate
y 3kt 13
mate
y
gradient
3
3 IF A POINT LIES ON A LINE IT MUST SATISFY
ITSEQUATION
Q Given that 5k lies
t 15
3 1
Q on
29
lies
henon
4 2
3 find value of k
3K I
24
4 2743 3 3 I
21k
5 2117 3 2k 10
5 5 K 5
Yes 1 5 lies on 4 2143
4 IF A POINT LIES ON X Axis put 4 0

IF A POINT LIES ON Y AXIS PUT K 0

Q Line 32 49 12 Prat and

it
P and A
Ipad Find coordinates
of
P ranis paty o Y axis put n o

3 44 12 3 44 12
32 4107 12 3107 44 12
32 12 12
44
2 4 3
y
P 4 o Q 0,3

Divides in two
 EQUATION OF A
14 Marks
Terrific ÉiÉÉÉT
Q Find the equation Bisector
of perpendicular
of All 3 and B 5 11

Perp
Bisector
M I B 5111

m 2
Tm317
A 1,3

Step1 Midpoint Steps Gradients Steps Equation

M 1 MAB 2 m M 3,7
25 311 43 4 12 K Y

Y Y M R N
M 3,7 M1 12
Y 3
E
x

24 14 Xt 3

Ly x 17

y txt
 SHADING INEQUALITIES Z 3 Marks

Region R is enclosed
72 15
by 4 lives write
g down 3 inequalities
5 that enclose region R
one inequality is 1
4
y
not tf 981 x 2
tf
Ans
qt
x 5
I y
2
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 32
For slant line
2 Y int fromgraph
gradient Y 3 2
417
0
1.4
Y mate
Y 2
3K
steps DFind equation of all lines make y subject
and label on
graph
2 Now decide or a
sign
above line means
below line mean
For line do not check
I
above below
Right means
means
Left
 TIME 3 MARKS P1
ALL OF THE TECHNIQUES WORK FOR 24 HourTimeformat
G 02 30pm 1430
05 00pm 1700

ADD
NITE
04 30 05 25 22 30 mon
07 15 07 55 08 45
11 45 12 80 30 75
it go ti fo H
13 20 31 15
24
07 15 Tue

SUBTRACT IN SUBTRACTION YOU MAY HAVE

TO RE WRITE QUESTION MULTIPLE
TIMES AFTER BORROWING
1 03 58
02 27
01 31

a 11 103
07 55 07 55
04 48
 If upper value houses
30
of
11 issmaller we add
24 to hours and
I

NowBorrow a fullpreviousday
water's
26 50
11 30 V

jpa.fi TRAVEL
INTERCITY YjurneyWITH TIME DIFFERENCE
Arrival

Q London is 4 hours ahead of Dubai So when

it is 0200 in Dubai its 0600 in London
Ali leaves Dubai at 07 30 Local time
It take the 6hours to reach
flight
London What is time in London
when Ali arrives there

DEPARTURE JOURNEY ARRIVAL

07 30
DUBAI 07 30 0600 1330
1thht
London 0600 1730
04 00
17 30
NOTE IF IT IS MORE THAN I MARK
QUESTION FOR TIME DO SHOW
WORKINGS TO GAIN METHOD
MARKS
 KINEMATICS PIE P2
4 6 Marks

DISTANCE SPEED speed Dittany

mm 5cm m km m s or ms
Forward km h or Kmt
Backward

SPEED UNIT CONVERSION

1 Convert 72km h to m s
h
711710,73 185 207 i

2 Convert 40 m s to km h
1000
40m s 40 1000 144km h
53600 494348
IS 1 3600

Distance Egg Egg

ACCELERATION
Rate of change of speed

acceleration finalspeedy initial speed u

time
U TOMS

PEE t 5sec
Iffoms
 A 20510 103 2m12

ACCELERATION

Positive Negative

Body is speeding up Body is slowingdown

ACCELERATION DECELERATION
RETARDATION
direction ofmotion 425
1
1 IÉÉÉF
of a body a tve

TILL NOW WE STUDIED TWO FORMULAS

speed Distance ace v y
time t

you cannot use these formulas on graphs

GRAPHS
distance speed1ms

times times
we have a shortcut
 f gr ph

d 95ha
Fareaund
speed
Ms I

Q 12

IEEE
graph
µ 10 20 timeIs
gradient area undergraph
a Find Frain Aib Find distancetravelled
object in first to see in 20 seconds
o o 10,12 Xh x atb
acc grad
Trapezium
L
If x12 20 10
Acc 1.2 m s L
6 30
180 m
CASE I a Find the time
speed when
object has
12 travelled 300
Distance
EE's l area under
graphs
time
35 remaining 300
20 15

Final Ans 35 Seconds

Thoughtprocess 1 Find area

of triangle
21 Subtract area
of triangle from
total area to
get areaofrectangle
Use area
the missing
of rectangle to find

length
Case2 d sa will not apply
Find three points on a line
Find two gradients and put them equal

speed d Find speed when t 12

10130
I we dont have togoanywhere
zo Dsa fails
x 12,2

time
5 lol i's
Find put them equal
twingigdient jd
EI
O 30
7390
20 10
2
230 38
x 3
30
x 30 6
71 30 6 24

if speed is notchanging
 GRAPH CONVERSION

s d

time time

s d

time time

s d

time time

s d

time time
 d Éa
Founder 12,30

graph

A12 8 15

AT
A128 15
A 120 A124 15

A 60 A 2010

I 12,301 20,0 TotalDistancetravelled

x Y X2 42

ace 0 30 60 60 120 30 270m

grad 3715
20 12

acceleration
15g

retardation 154

I
 8T
ie
3016

ily 6010

grad
gradient a cc
830 35 f
retardation
I
130 6 60 0 40 K
52 20
K 2 4
g
I 4
area

A xh x at b
f
85 x 10 Gta
a I
f 170 10 6 t u
6tU
17
U 11
 PROBABILITY
P1 P2 5 6 Marks

STUDY OF CHANCE

RAIN 30 NOT RAIN 70

P RAIN PINOT RAIN

38 30
I
Impossible 50 50change Certain
0 I 1
I

P event FAVORABLE OUTCOMES

TOTAL OUTCOMES

Toss A FAIR COIN HIT Total 2

D
P Head I
2
P Tail
 I
2 TOSS TWO COINS TOTAL 4
HH TT AT TH

P both tails
1
p alt'theadmandatail
24 12

p btotistame
3 L
3 ROLL A DICE DIE 12 3 4 56 Total b

pitied
g ta
piperine 36
1
FACTORS VIS MULTIPLE
t a
1,213 14,6 12 24,36 48,60
mIÉ
it
WHOLE O

3
1 2

2
3 4

1
iii
O 1 2 3
a.m

EVEN Leaves remainder when divided

no
by 2
2 4 6 8
Q
Pleven
3

ODD I 3 5 7

PRIME EXACTLY TWO FACTORS

NOT A
PRIME

COMPOSITE MORE THAN 2 FACTORS

4
Q'a 5
 I

4 ROLL A DICE AND TOSS A COIN TOTAL 12

IT
at Factors 1,213,416,12
3T
of 12

4T
5A 5T
6T

PI tail with
II
even
25,4T GT I

Pl head with factorof 12 72

 4 ROLL TWO DICES

TOTAL 36
P both Same
b I
5 O O
gyu O P Sum is 8 3
3 O D 36
2 D o
At
1 0 p Product is 12
I 2 4 5 6
436
4
132

ii
TREE DIAGRAMS
RULES

1 SUM OF ALL PROBABILITIES OF BRANCHES

STARTING FROM SAME POINT IS ALWAYS 1
2 BRANCH TOTAL PROBABILITY MULTIPLY

3 MORE THAN ONE ADD INDIVIDUAL

BRANCH BRANCH TOTALS
 OPERATORS ANDmeanMULTI.PL

ORmeansADP

IN.ie
FRACTions
M I I 77fi25M
III Bos
WALK
f Plsunny andbus I t.gg
son he

Rainy
Bos
Plague
It II
to t

KE
E 34 135

TWO DRAWS WITH REPLACEMENT

TAKE OUTONE BALL CHEK ITS COLOUR PUTITBACKIN BAG TAKEANOTHERBALL

E
P red
 1 Red Green

at
T 8
Green
red F
0
Green

TWO DRAWS WITHOUT REPLACEMENT

TAKE OUT ONE BALL NOTE ITS COLOUR THROW IT AWAY NOW
TAKE ANOTHER BALL OUT

A I IIE tribabilities
ped oforiginalbag
II
A red
I Green
STEP2

titmaiebaken
y bag
at
T 8 SEE probability
Green 5g
Red of new bag
M
onEgnE
Green
 TWO DRAWS WITHOUT REPLACEMENT

red it

j Red Green 25 n
24

9 Green
red 24
5 egg
i

25 n I an 2
 T.FI YIi
y fIaanloom
0
8
Ti P

iI

It x o
ft fx's 1 4
0
it
y
 W 3

I3i
-

n 4 LN ÉÉ E
 TRANSFORMATION DIFFICULTY
5 6 MARKS CRAMMING

ery
REFLECTION ENLARGEMENT
ROTATION ZOOMIN ZOOM OUT

TRANSLATION DRAG

FOR EVERY TRANSFORMATION MEMORIZE

1 DESCRIBE
2 CONSTRUCTIONS WATCH VIDEO
B ON GRID SHORTCUTS
4 MATRIX NOT FOR IGCSE ONLYOLEVELS

REFLECTION
1 DESCRIBE EQUATION OF LINE OF REFLECTION
2 CONSTRUCTIONS video A means Image A
of
3 ON GRID SHORTCUTS
A 1,3
Reflection in x axis change y sign A 1 3

Reflection in y axis change x sign A 1,3

Reflection in y x swapboth places A 3 1
change No sign
Reflection in y x swapboth places A 3 1
change BOTH
 y axis
2
4 3
is3
2
1 11111

x axis
12 I s

2 1212

3 313

121 3
Deflect ΔA in line
A Label the
image B
I g I 4 SWAP BOTH PLACES CHANGE NOSIGN

OBJECTS 101 1 2,1 2,31

I B

IMAGE 1,0 1 2 3 2

AA is mapped onto
A B
AB
I by
a reflection

I
I 4 .it
s
inlnex
Draw and Label AB
2
viticalline
 3
Q A A is mapped on to
A
1 AB by a reflection
in
1 I 2
Draw and label ΔB
4 1
2 Horizontal

ROTATION
1 DESCRIBE a Centre of Rotation
b Angle of Rotation
C Direction Rotation
of
2 CONSTRUCTIONS Video v V IMP

3 ON GRID SHORTCUTS
A 1,3

Rotate 90 cw swapboth places A 3 1

change y sign
Rotate 90Acw swapboth places A f3 1
change x sign
ROTATE 180degree Just changesigns A 1 3
 ROTATION

IF CENTRE OF IF CENTRE OF
ROTATION is 0,0 ROTATION IS NOT 0,0

YOU ARE ALLOWED THREE STEP PROCESS

TO APPLYSHORTCUTS 1 SUBTRACT CENTRE
DIRECTLY 2 APPLY SHORTCUT
3 ADD CENTRE

IF ANGLE OF ROTATION IS NOT 900W 90ACW 180

THIS IS DONE BY CONSTRUCTION IT IS
INCLUDED IN THE VIDEO

ACW 270A

START START

270W 02W
In
 ΔPQR
4 about
3
214131
centre.CO
2
Label the image
1 Phill 014111 As ΔB
I 4
we canapplyshortcuts
i p
directly
2 P 1,17 Q 411 R 413
SWAP BOTH PLACES CHANGEY
d R
R 31 4
p 1 1 Q 154

ΔA
about
01013
3 12131 413 Centre 2

2 Label the image

In a
as ΔB

Object 3117 1411 4,3

Subtractcentre 211 211 1211
2,2
Apply shortcut
Swapplaces changex 0 1 0 2 12 2
ADD Centre 211 211 12 1

Image 212 213 0,3

TRANSLATION DRAG

DESCRIBE TRANSLATION VECTOR MATRIX

RIGHT LEFT
T
V1 DOIN

3,6 AA maps onto

DB a
5
B
after
4 13,41
0.6.4 translation 23
10,4
3
A
2 on the diagram
8,2 612
1 Draw and label
Δ B
I
E
 OBJECT TRANSLATION IMAGE
VECTOR

3 1
E 3 4

4 3

ENLARGEMENT ZOOM IN ZOOM OUT

1 DESCRIBE a Centre of enlargement

b Scale
factor K

2 CONSTRUCTIONS
HOW TO FIND CENTRE OF ENLARGEMENT

R K is ve
K is the

gestment

Q Q
Enlighten

R
3 ON GRID WORKINGS

ENLARGEMENT

IF CENTRE OF IF CENTRE OF
ENLARGEMENTIS 0,0 ENLARGEMENT IS NOT 0,0

MULTIPLY ALL
POINTS WITH THREE STEP PROCESS
SCALE FACTOR K 1 SUBTRACT CENTRE
2 MULTIPLY BY SF K

3 ADD CENTRE

y ARGEIMIN.IS yEN LARGEg

is i fatter

ashapefa y orientaion
Q AABC maps onto ΔPQR after anefargement with
Etc scale factor 2 Draw Δ PQR

A 212
SF 2
8 C
A 14,41
7
6
B 5,2
5
SF 2
15147
y
a B 10,4
3
2
A2,2 1315121 C 5,4
I
SF 2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10,81
D e Δ ABC with Its scalefactorff
Draw and label image as ΔP

7
6
5 C

4
3 613

A13117 B611 B
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ObjectsA 3,1 131611 6137

Subtract Centre 1211 211 2,1

1101 14,0 4,2
Multiply by SF X2 2 2
210 8107 1814
Add centre 1211 211 2111
A 14,11 B 10,1 C 10,5
Images
 SCALE FACTOR K

K Image length 62
3
Object length R

K Image to centredistance
object to centre distance

f
K Image Area A9

objectarea
K objecttocentre
image tocentre

K 9
K 3

is tve centre
IMP IF k of enlargement is
one side
on
of both object
and image

IF K is ve centre of enlargement is
somewhere between object
and image
 DESCRIBE

1 REFLECTION EQUATION OF LINE OF REFLECTION

2 ROTATION t centre
2 Angle
3 Direction
TRANSLATION Translation vector
3
Y
4 ENLARGEMENT 1 Centre
2 Scalefactor K

HOW TO IDENTIFY AMONG TRANSFORMATIONS

V
DID THE SIZE OF SHAPE CHANGE

NO
YES DOES IT LOOKLIKE DRAG

ENLARGEMENT

YES NO
Join object andimage
with straight line Are
TRANSLATION
these lines parallel

YES NO
REFLECTION ROTATION
 NUMBER SEQUENCES PATTERNS
TWO DIFFERENT CHAPTERS WITH
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES

AR THE MATIC SEQUENCE

4 75 0 3 d 13 10 3

20 18 6 4 d to 12 2

common difference
nth term n 1 d d Next Previous
Intenthpositionnumber
hber
nthtyytefsyyaluewritenonf.tn

Q 4 3 16 d

Write down next two terms

d Find expression in terms of n term
for nth
an
nth term a In 1 d
4 n 31
4 3h 3
nth term 3h 1

Iii Find 50ᵗʰ term of this sequence

nth term 3h 1
 50ᵗʰ term 3150 1 151

in Given thDhterm of the

sequence
is
60 find n

nth term 3h 1
61 3N 1
60 3N
n 20

Given that the sequence is910

v m
of
k
find
nth term 3h 1
Kth term 3K 1
91 3K 1
90 3K
K 30
 IF THE SEQUENCE IS NOT ARITHEMATIC
THEN IT WILL BELONG TO ONE OF THESE
THREE FAMILIES

SQUARE CUBE TRIANGLE

1 1 2
4 8
9 27 66
4
64 go

IE
nth term m m nti
In
THESE nth terms work these sequences
only if
start from 1
IF THEY ARE NOT STARTING FROM 1

SHIFTS
1 Forward shift Number starts after skipping
first term s

so we
replace n ntl etc
2 Backward shift Number starts before
first term is 0
So we replace n n l
Q write down nth term of this sequence
4 9 16 25
These are square numbers But these are shifted
ORIGINALSQUARE I 4 9 16 n
2
FORWARDSHIFT 4 9 16 n 1
n ntl
n 132
Ens

Q write down nth term of this sequence

8 27 64 125
These are cube numbers at shifted
ORIGINAL CUBE I 8 27 64 m

SHIFTFORWARD 8 27 64 In 153
n ntl 3
Ens In 1

Q write down nth term of this sequence

64 125 27
These are cube numbers at shifted
ORIGINAL CUBE I 8 27 64 m
3
FORWARDSHIFT 27 64 In 2
n nt2 3
n 2
Ens
 Q write down nth term of this sequence
0 1 8 27 64
These are cube numbers at shifted
ORIGINAL CUBE I 8 27 64 m

BACKWARDSHIFT 0 1 8 27 64 n 1
n n t
3
n 1
Ans

Q write down nth term of this sequence

0 1 4 9 16 25
These are square numbers But these are shifted
ORIGINALSQUARE I 4 9 16 m
2
Backward
Shift 0 1 4 9 16 n 1
n n l
n 1
1ns

Q write down nth term of this sequence

3 6 10 15
These are
triangle numbers Shifted
ORIGINAL TRIANGLE I 3 6 10 I
T
SHIFT FORWARD 3 6 10 N2
n ntl Inti
Q write down nth term of this sequence
0 1,3 6 10 15
These are triangle numbers Shifted
ORIGINAL TRIANGLE I 3 6 10 1

BACK SHIFT 0 1 3 6 10
fin
1 n
n n 1
n 1
In

EXAM TECHNIQUE

CHECK IF es at n 1 d
Apply nth term
ARITHEMATIC

NO

Check for YES check for forward

SQUARE CUBE TRIANGLE or backwards shifts
No

Now make a new table and include

all the
sequences of question in the table First
row will be term number

1 2 3
 a

NOW LOOK FOR VERTICAL PATTERN

Term I 2 3 4 5 6 n

A 4 7 10 13 16 19
Arithematic 3h 1
B I 4 9 16 25 36 SQUARE GIFT m
C 8 27 64 125216 343CUBE Int n I

D O 26 2030 D B Term
12 n n
E
9 31 73 141 241 379 E BtC n t nH
F 8 54 192500 0802058 F TermxC n ntl
G 2 8 18 32 50 72 9 2 13 2m

i Complete the table for Terms and 6

iii Complete the nth term column for each

A 4,7 10 13
ARITHEMATIC
nthterm at n 1 d
4 1653
4 3h 3
 3Mt

nth term 2h
57
5ᵗʰ term 57 25
57 32
25 25

51
b 56555245 nt57 2n n 57 2n
 PATTERNS
LOOK OUTFOR THINGS THAT ARE NOT
CHANGING THOSE ARE PATTERN
REST IS SEQUENCES

10 h

2H

112 3 45 f f

so

rows

109 rows

I
 man

Line 1
Line2 thematic
Intern
Line
Line4 2 2 arithmatic
4 nine
2
82 6 4 7

nH m 4 n

I
it's

2080

n1 4
x2 484
sent n 1 4 n 484
y 12
121 1
44
120
y 122
120
 CIRCLES P1 4 5 Marks
CHORD

radius
ÉÉ
diameter
sleep
r
work party
TANGENT

1 90 MADE FROM CENTRE ON A CHORD CUTS

THE CHORD IN TWO EQUAL HALVES

CHERD

CHORI

IF WE JOIN ENDS OF A CHORD TO CENTRE

IT MAKES AN ISOSCELES
p

11 2
f C to
a
radius radias
10 01
A CHORD B
x 40 40 180
X 100
 3 ANGLE MADE CIRCUMFERENCE STARTING
ON

FROM ENDS OF SAME CHORD ARE ALWAYS EQUAL

I
x̅
x 30
I

A HORD B 130

4 ANGLE MADE ON CENTRE IS DOUBLE THE

ANGLE MADE ON CIRCUMFERENCE
IF THEY START FROM SAME CHORD
Circumference

x̅

gentre

A CHORD B

CHORD
5 ANGLE MADE AT CIRCUMFERENCE STARTING
FROM ENDS OF DIAMETER IS ALWAYS 90

pirm

6 CYCLIC QUADRILATORAL
B

A C 180
B D 180
1101 c

A 70

ANGLE BETWEEN RADIUS TANGENT

IS ALWAYS 90

Tangent

RADIO

A
8 TANGENT KITE

0.51
1 IT

1 AT BT
atb 80
B
If wecut tangent kite
in half the angles are
divided by 2 as well

EXAM QUESTION RULES

DO NOT READ THE REQUIRED ANGLES

1 MARK RADIUS ISOSCELES

ALL Rule
gett
II 2 90 made by DIAMETER
90 made by RADIUS
Rules
3 TANGENT Rule

4 CHORD PROPERTIES
5 CYCLIC QUADRILATORAL
1
24 180 I
C 48 ME

T
CHORD 48

42
90
48

INSAMESEGMENT
ANGLES

Angle made at
x̅
circumference starting

x̅ fromsame chord
are EQUAL

a
 0

184 661
I L
180
E 123 5

123

57

33

66
are
f x 180
47
45
22 86 2,9
2 43 81338
13
Cyclic 47 A 180
C 133

94

133

43
 891 3 4390 1 180

2 90 68 180 34
X 47
a
2 22
697
22 47
Diameter
 map
segment

chord
misgment

circumfffentre

when to draw a new

Chord
WHEN YOU FIND TWO ANGLES
STARTING FROM SAME
POINTS ON CIRCLE THAT
IS WHEN YOU NEED TO DRAW
A NEW CHORD
 th Limits
Sunday 3 5PM of accuracy
a StandardForm

vectors

IGCSEonly class afterthat

 X Io
d Iotincluded
23.5 106 1 x lo
2 35 106 I 10 x 107 X
0.235 106 X

WE CAN MOVE DECIMAL AND POWER CHANGES

ÉGHTPOWEROREDUCES
DECIMAL MOVES

DECIMAL MOVES LEFT POWER INCREASE

CONVERT FOLLOWING INTO STANDARD FORM

1 348.76 100 3.4876 108

Ipitesleft
2
2 X 107 3.84 109
3,444

3 1 104 I 9.61 102

O.gg
5 2
4 1362.71 10 1.36271 10
MY
853 9.71 10
5 0.99971 10
ADD SUBTRACT MAKE POWERS OFTEN SAME
EXAM TIP ALWAYS MAKE SMALLER POWER
THE WORKING BECOMES SIMPLER

106 2.1 109 3 107

1 3.6 107 2 2

2 106 109 2
3.4 107 218 3 107
36 106
21106 3 107
210 107
36 2 106 210 3 X 107
1 2
X 106 3.8 107 2,07g x 107
3,4
2 07 109

MULTIPLY DIVIDE
Numbers are multiplied numbers are divided
powers are added
often Powers
often are Subtracted

1 1.2
578
10

Multipy
18 2 6.3 108 9 103

6,41 0.7
1.2
8 97
1
X 105
OI
104
7
ARRANGING
ARRANGE FOLLOWING IN INCREASING ORDER
STARTING FROM SMALLEST
Rule Make powers of ten same Bring to smallest power
106 3.2 107 21.1 106
213.7 105 19.3 2 1
1064 106
193 336,107 214
213.7 105 193 105 320 105 211 105

Note Always write the original values in the

answer space
And 19 3 106 21.1 106 213.7 105 3.2 107
Smallest largest

PRACTICE

TY PEI WITHOUT WORD PROBLEMS

t
É 104 Cao
2.173 104 2.173

5755 5
2
0

217.3
10233819

0 031 105 217.3 102 22 6 103 2 5 104

 n tm
3 047 2.1 107

3xioy 108 2.1 107

K.IE 9
0.7 107
35 31 07 90 107 2.1
93 1 107
X 103 90 2 87
Of 108 9.21
7 102
7 102
9 21 108

TYPE 2 SCENARIO BASED

you just read and check whether it is
ADD SUB MULTIPLY DIVIDE

O
b Adults whole child
3 2 10 8 105

E s T 3
1 5
105

3.82 1 2 4 100
10 24x 105
it 2.4 106
 Divide

Add 108 6 107

I e m 15
1.5 108 07
me 6 X X
15
101
1.5411 15 6 x 107
5 1
1 24 x 107

2 1 108
Em 5 2
e m 5 2 2 1 108
 Decimals
1.73 2.6
1
ADDAI
1 73 11.73
2 6 2.60
X 4.31

2 0.16 0 04 0 064
Ldp 2dp Gdp

8 12
1ft
1 2
Idp odp

If
3
4
64 4
0.4
8 48 46
 6 0.7
8,3 1
 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
P1 3 MARKS
1 9
o

TEJ 45 15s f
45.6789 bsf

RULE 1 RULE2

AN UNNECESSARY
52 8 Sf is SIGNIFICANT ZERO is SIGNIFICANT

8188,555Est TIE Sf UNNECESSARY ZERO

1 After the decimal
rightside
TOWARDS THE NUMBERS
1554 7 Cast 2 extreme
no zero is SIGNIFICANT

mm
yjqgqq psf II Of Sf
NUMBERS WHICHARE
ONE SIDED
MEANING WHOLE No is on 8 ÉÉÉY Usf
ONE SIDE OF Decimal

If 123000
0.000123
TÉÉ3ÉÉ É Msf
HOW TO CONVERT TO GIVEN SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

Q Convert these to 2
significantfigures

a 1 345 roundoff Finn was 12000

ZERO

b 356.714 roundoff
56 0 8 s is
56
ZERO

C roundoff 8.18.58 Remove ONLY 0.0058

0.005149621 UNNECESSARY
ZERO
roundoff Remove ONLY 12000
d
1,240.08 unnecessary
ZERO

Estimillion Goal is to inmate in su a that

way
p1 your calculations become simple to
solve without a calculator
Round to nearest wholenumber ten
TYPEI off
or hundred
9.8 10 168 170
385 400
TYPE2 a 7
in case
24 284
of
division
try b 24
to get to
72 7 2

closestmultiple
 59 3
TYPE 3
If
a

Jump to the
closestsquare b 549 7
cube
or
numbers 19 525 5

Pastpaper Question

Estimate

524 525 5

1 2 59.00 92
0 120
1 4 2.00 2
91,2 8 368

0.28,5 0.300 0.3

 0.22 0.2 0.2
50.0 50
448.9
0
0.22
0.207 0.200 20.2

3.94 4.0074 50488

0.5
0.5

54
F
525
5

196 225
596 14
 MATRICES P1 MARKS
NOT APART OF IGCSE SYLLABUS
ORDER OF A MATRIX
RISK COLUMNS

2 3
3 1

7 2 1

I X 3
2 2

91
1 2 s
2 X I

ADD SUB BOTH MATRICES MUST HAVE SAME ORDER

You can tell order is same toy just looking

11
11
 EI Y L5 4 5

MULTIPLY

a SCALAR MULTIPLICATION

Multiply a matrix with a number

Becareful FRACTIONS

I E I E
34

21 4

lb MATRIX MULTIPLICATION STEL

this is working that weneedin MatrixTransormation
write the orderof

I
is bothmatrices and
f check if they are
2
202 3 allowedto multiply
I a make empty Ans
AnsMatrix 2 3 Matrix
3 I k 3 mark Arrows
I 20 39
 F T H H SECOND
UL 2 1 1 1 3 and name them
UM 2 o 1 4 4 4 NOW MULTIPLY
UR 2 3 1 6 12 HH
TT
DL 3 1 5 1 8
DM 3 0 5 4 20
DR 3 3 5 6 39
i
TT MM HH
UL 3 3 1 O 2 2
2 I 13
5 3 66 8 2
DL
Ans 2 1
31
Answer
Matrix

DIVIDE DIVISION IS NOT POSSIBLE IN MATRICES

SO STUBBORN MATHS PPL THOUGHT OF ANOTHERWAY

usually
AX B A B
G 2 3 3 2
are same
B X BA Battice
m f AXB BXA
 INVERSE OF A 2 2 MATRIX
STEPS A A Find A
G
g 1 4 3 2
1 Determinant delta
symbols IAI or det a or
10
det A ad be
2 Adj A 42
3
flip main diagonal
AdjointA changeothersigns
A
Ii
iii A
fun Adjoint

So it was
if
This is where you
298 must take inside
bracket and simplify
2
4
 IDENTITY MATRIX

o 9
II If we multiply any 2
If we multiply a matrix
mtrix with Idiymatix with its own inverse the
that matrix styunchanged answer is Identity matrix

A XI A A x A I
3 6
EXAM QUESTION

i Simplify AA mark D 3 X

T BIB
3
1 9
It
3 9
 PROPORTIONALITY VARIATION
P1 4 MARKS

α PROPORTIONAL α K

x Kx
1
y is
directly proportional y y
to a

2
y is inversely proportional
to X
ya y

3
y is directly proportional yαX Kx
to y
squareo 4y.is
inversely proportional yal y
to cube
of
5 is 1
y inversely proportional ya 15
to
cuberootofs.se
Q is inversely proportional to 22
Y
Given that when 2 2 99
i Find the formula is find y when
2 5 2
relating a andy
2

1 36
ya I y 34 25

F y
31 2 14 9
9 4

K 36

ADVANCED IMARK NO WORKI NG

yax ya

x
ya y
I
x
 9 8 x2
125 5

Q y
is directly proportional to
cube of x
yαx
4
27 3

What happens to value of y if

artipled
When x is tripled y is multiplied by 27

Q Y is directly proportional to x

For certain value of X 10

Find
a
the value
Y
y when this value
of
of Icoubled mark

x oldie old y 10
ya 1 2
4
4 x2 news new 40
y
 MαL
8 X2
Stimes

7.5

pα I
oldg2 soldp 15
of 1 2
2 x2 new 7.5
newq p
Physics R L RX Rat
2 x2
x2 2
i
4 72
5 5

y 4

got 9

Y K 9 4 36 4

Quero
ddY
got2
4
newy
 VECTORS 5 Marks

Head Q
Fi pg

p
Tail T

COLUMN VECTOR MOFFETwill startfrom

head
tailandgoto
right Left I canonlymovein

g P doin Khudirenupdownleftright
Haight
more

f test
pig
Phenestigi s

a Q
t T RI
ybox
down
t y
I
tf
t
f
YR
4boxleft
Dt
 MAGNITUDE LENGTH OF VECTOR

If you have a vector AB

g
name vector
Symbol of
THEN MAGNITUDE LENGTH IS

IAB J X t y

Q AB Find ABI
y Note When we
put values
IAB 3 t L 41 in use
any formula
I 9 t 16 BRACKETS
525
IAB 5

Q AB Given that IAB 10

q Caution J62 92
Find values 56 Iq
of q Youcannotopenpowerseparately
ABI f 164 q 2 in ADDSUB

10 36 92 Whenever we take

100 36 q2 Squareroot to cancel

square we introduce
64 q2 th sign
q 64 on side with with
1564 square root
 18
q

EQUALVECTORS

MUST SATISFY TWO CONDITIONS

1 EQUAL LENGTH
2 PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER

5,9 209
Q B C
Py
2A A RECTANGLE 2A SPY PARALLELOGRAM
Lsp
P S
5g A zÉq D

p
There are no
LEQUILATERISX equal vectors
here because to
TRIANGLE
be equal the lines
must be
Q 5 R
PARALLEL
 The H signs rule for 4
BASIC MODE are notappliedhere find
2b
PR float 2b
ya
I N R tab Ioa

Tsa b 05 126 loa

109 109 126
Malon
Ia c PTI Hoatbb
d PM 12bt5a
P S
126 e Ns Abb Ioa
PORS is a parallelogram f MT tsa Gb
M and N are midpoints

ADVANCED MODE RATIO METHOD

12h
2b lob
Find
am R
Q parts a sports
6parts
PR 12btloa
10AM Noa
05 126 109
QB 2b
Pat 10at2b
P 123 S
MS lob 10A
PARS IS A RECTANGLE RT Ob
QM
FMR
 I
5
Ratio Method
STEPS 1 Correctform QM't
MRparts
2 Mark parts on
the diagram

PARTS ACTUAL 126 1

3 62
GIVEN OR 6 126 x
124

1 x 2b
FIND QM X

Q Given that F is suchthat

BY 1a 5h
BF
31
BC
go
43M noteforshoutout in Ratiomethod
IF ONE OF THE VECTORS IN RATIO

A 7
3A
C i

is Find BE 5bt3a 3a 5b
ExamTIP It is better to write theteems before ve terms
It helps us in workings of next parts
 Find BF iii Find AF
BF BE 55b t 1,13a 5b
t 3 1

BE 3a 56 15b t 39 5b
3

lob 3a
3

WORKING RULES
1 EQUAL VECTORS
2 RATIO METHOD
Always check for shortcut
Shortcut If you know value of one

of rectors in ratios do not

apply full ratio method
Super 3 Label each vector that you find
On
diagram Don't draw new lines
4 Whenever you have fractions take
LCM

Fraction Lem
in a
difficultquestion
Label everything
 CF CD

CF b
b a
y
43lba
Eat

Eb ve

b tb
by

a tb b a
b a
Ctb
2
Cfb
42b Ib
2C b lb
2C tb
24th
4

AG sat a 2b ba
at
fb 2552
a
2
Divide

ba 23
35lb a
3150 5
2 3

as
5b 1216 a 56 2025125 129 129 20C
204 2 12A75 20C
20
 POSITION VECTORS

NAME STARTS WITH O O origin 0,0

Op Position vector of P
OF Position vector
of A

Position VECTOR Coordinates

OF A POINT OF THAT Point

OF means A 3,5

05
4
C 715 means

WHENEVER YOU FEEL THAT

THERE IS A QUESTION MIXING
VECTORS and COORDINATE GEOMETRY
IT IS ACTUALLY
POSITION VECTOR
 AB has two Points
If

AB OB OF

POT OF OF

OF

EXAM QUESTION

Q A 1,3 and AB

find coordinates of B

All SOA AB OF OF
f 05
1 f
OF
1 f
f
B 8,0
 C and AT_
5,7
Find coordinates of A

02 AT OT OA
1
1517
OF
9

5
OF
15 3
A 2 3

PARALLEL COLLINEAR
B D on the sameline

i
A T AB KCB B
NoAlphabetrepeat
AF.EE
Tepeat

Parallel A Collinear
c

A K B
Ekin Chi

EXAM TIP If the question already contains

k use another alphabet in our formula
A tB A xB
eg
 AB CI
I
Given that AB and CD are parallel Find K
A B triggerwords Hated
A t B workingsgetshorter if we onthesameline

takevectorwithunknowns AB cI
1 as ourfirstvector

K 15

tianya.is
COLLINEAR
iiina
ON THE SAME LINE
Q AB 7A 126 BI 21 a t 1 b

Given that A B and D lie on same line

Find t Cimark

Fox 126
3210 t 1 b

Vectors

t 1 36 1 Columnvectors magnitude

2 EQualrectors Ratiomethod Traffic

flowdiagrams
37
3 positionvectors

4 Parallelcollinear

Questions area ratios in

regarding
with vectors is related
things
to SIMILARITY
 4P
Lap
q
24M
2kg 4Kp

P L AB
AB 4P

ptg q p
g p
Yp 2g 2g 4p

2g Yp
BI K2q Up
BB 2kg 4Kp

FB 3 pt 2kg 4Kp
3p 4Kp t 2kg 3 4K p t 2k q
FB 3 4K p t 2k q
o
FÉ q p
FB 2kg7 3 4k p

É 3 4 p g
Lk 324k

2k 3 4K
2k 4K 3
2K 3
K
32
 LIMITS OF ACCURACY
UPPER LOWER BOUND
P1 original 1km Accuracy
3 Marks
neatr É1okm
Distance of Lahore to Islamabad is m to

Time taken to travel is to nearest Dour

original
Er ÉI2 0.5
Ii LOWER UPPER 1 Error ACCURACY
BOUND BOUND 2

DISTANCE 4 5 48 5 2 Upperbound ORIGINAL ERROR

3 405 Lowerbound ORIGINAL ERROR

TIME 4 85 49 5
4.50
originalvaluenotgiven INDIRECT
in Find upperbound of speed racamagno given

is
41 4,5

Iii Find Dower bound speedoindirect

of
Is 3945.5
 Advanced INDIRECT
Sometimes question will ask bound
for upper
or lower bound
of an indirect value
whose original value or accuracy is
not given in question

STEP 1 writeformula for the

required quantity
STEP 2 Analyse the arrows on
the equation_First arrow
is always given in
question

ADD SUBTRACT MULTIPLY DIVIDE

the term Same arrow Numerator Same arrow
ve term Opp arrow Denominator
opp arrow

A B IC A B C
A 1B HC A B C

A B C A BY
B C C
A
A
Q Mass
of a box is k to nearest 4kg0
Mass of its packing is toneasestt
enthfakg orig
kg
Lower upper
Bound Bound

20 2 20 2
BOX
18 22

2 0.05 2 0.05
PACKING
1 95 2.05

Iii Find the

prod
box and its packing
of total mass of
Indirect TOTAL MASS BOX PACKING
22 2 05
24.05 kg
 Ten to 0.1 Tenth
Hundred 100 0.01 Hundredth
Thousand 1000 0.001 Thousandth
 orig A10,5 5

orig A50 E 25

y K

Indirect total 404

y
875 4165

1135

65 75
875 925

Distance speed t 300

orig1600 orig b
so I
1550 1650
5.5 6.5
 1.5
P 24 2w
2 65 213.5
13 7
20

5000

A 5 E 25
21.5 225 A 1 E 0.5
A liE O 5
A LXW

1 24
If
21 L
2197.57 2172.5

340 22

9
 5

40.5

P L HL
c i
40.5 40.5 40.5
L 121.5 mm

12T 12.15

A
FI o c
53.4 0.05 53.35 B

C 180 LA BL
180 61.5 53.35
 EXPRESS 168 AND 140 AS PRODUCT OF ITS
PRIME FACTORS 400ps PISCS

only 2 3 5 7111117
2 168 2 140 HE
2 84 2 70
2 42 5 35 Find HCF LCM OF 168 and140
3 21 7 28
7 HCF Looponly 2 2 7
7 7 1 LCM loops and discs
1 2 2 7 2 3 5

840
i Find smallest integer n such that
168h is 140
multiple of concept

242 2 3 7 12 is multipleof4
168N 5 True
140 2 2 5 7
n 5
Elude It

Iii Find smallest integer n such that

140h is multiple 168
of
140N 12 2 5 7 2 3
168 2 242 3 7

n 2 3 6
iii Find smallest integer k such that
168 K is a
perfect square
Factors of square
168K 2 3 2 numbers live as
11 pairs oftwo Twins
K 2 3 7 42
in Find smallest integer k such that
168 K is a
perfect cube
Factors of cube
168K 3 7 3 3 7 7 numbers live in
1442 groups
ofthree
Triplets
K 3 3 7 7
K 441
ADVANCED

Q It given that HCF OF

is 96 2 2 24242 3
and another number N is 23 3 Given that
N is less than 96 Find
greatest
value N mark
of I

91 2 2 2 2 2 3
N 2 2 2 3 3 72
HCF 2 2 2 3

N 72
 When HLF is given ALWAYS GREATEST VALUE
1 Copy whole HLF to box of N

Now new'Timalues in box

2
multiply A N
and New values must not make a new
loop The total should not exceed range
given in question
Q Given that LCM of A 22 52 7 and another
number N is 22 3 53 7 Find the
Least value of N
A 2 x2 x 5 5 7
N Fw 3 5 5 57
LCM 2 2 X3 5 5 517

N 3 5 5 5

N 375

Note D If the no
offactors are same in
A and LCM these in N
ignore
2 If the no in A and LCM
of factors
are
different copy the no
of factors
 I

em
A x x
N Two 3 EFves 7 7 3 7 7 147
LCM 2x x 5X7

147
 CONGRUENT
EXACT SAME

30 11 To 15
p to
730
go
P s
i

Q R

PO SR lopp sides of rectangle

PS OR lopp sides of rectangle
as is a common
length
Hense
by
Sss
property baps is congruenttoasted
be between the
2 Angle must two
u
sidesmust be proven sides
neighbours
ofangle
c
OB OA Iradius of smallercircle
OC OD ladies bigger circle
of
Bob AGC I vertically
B HQ A oppangles
Hence
I by Sas property
p
D AOC is congruent to A BOD
3 AAD Side proven should be a

corresponding side
p

so
c r

d Y Z
PR XY 11 given
QPR Xyz 80 given
PRO given
4 2 30
Hence by AAS property

4 RHS OR ABD CBE 90

side
given
Hyp D AD CE 11
Rigg given
CB 5
AB given
Hence Ras
N c
by
s property DAB D

A 5 I Eand A CBE
are congruent
 Similarity
AA

73
61

q
 20
Y
z
I

245

90 77 78 2 360
a
 SIMILAR SHAPES

SIMILARITY MENSURATION
LASTPART

CONDITIONS FOR BEING SIMILAR

1 AAA If all angles of two shapes
are
equal these shapes are
called similar
2 Ratio OF CORRESPONDING SIDES IS EQUAL

Q Check whether these two shapes are similar

200
Shape 1 Shapes

2 shapes are not

Kathy
I similar
5 5 5 5 Nots
 Q
500

come 1 and cones are ar Finder

n 25

IF TWO SHAPES ARE SIMILAR

THEY FOLLOW THESE FORMULAS

AREA ratio of one pair of

If corresponding sides
cm m km

mms.tn mYuEe
E
MASS
grams kg
If
Q A i Prove that Δ ABC is similar to Δ ADE

2 I BAC DAE Kommonangle

21 ABC ADE correspondingangles
5
31 BEA DÉA correspondingangles
4 Hence
B by AAA property
parts Δ ABC is similar to DADE
D
E

Find ratio Area of Δ ABC

Area of Δ ADE f Affe

ii Find Area
ratio of Δ ABC 421
Area
of trapeziumBCED
A Area Of AADE 2
aft Area
of trapeziumBCED
5
4po

B C
as 4 pants

E
 RATIO OF AREA OF TRIANGLES
Special Case FOR
Ratio of area of triangles that are NOT SIMILAR
COMMON HEIGHT
A
base
h
2 bases

B C 4 D

Find Ratio of area of Δ ABC base

5g
area of Δ ABD base

Find ratio of area AΔ ABC base

area OfΔ ACD base

A A

h h
B C 4 D B C 4 D

B C
se
 Ratio of area
oftriangles
SIMILAR NOT SIMILAR

Nowthey must have a dimnionheight

2 base
base

AreadfDABC base
12
Area of BCD bases 5
B
t base
Both heights are same
Ap v
h because distance
up
bas between parallel lines
E stays same
 SET NOTATION
3 5 Marks

Symbols
such that
n A number of elements in the set A
G Universal set Universe of that question
A A compliment Everything in universal set
except for A
U Union combine both sets
h Intersection write common elements
between both sets
O Empty Set Null set
PHI

E belongs to
C Subset
not a subset
 SETS
Define Set is a
group of unique elements
YOU CANNOT REPEAT ELEMENTS IN A SET

A É it is each day name's firstalphabet

A M T W F S

B n is number in month
n
of days a

B 31,28 29 30

C u n is an odd number
C 1 3 5 7 9
Ty PEI LISTING

Q G r I s n 12 and n is integer
1 2,3 4 5 6,7 8 9 10 11

A n n is odd number
A I 3 5 7 9 11 n A L
A 2 4 6,8 10

is
i
B n n a
factor of 12

B 1 2 3 4 6 n B 5
B 5 7 8,9 10 11

c n se is a
prime numbers

C 2 3 5 7 11 n C 5
C 1,4 6,819 103

D n n is a
multiple of 4
D 94 8 n D L

D 1,2 3,5 6,7 9 10,11

List elements
of
a
A 1,213,415,6 7,9 11 n AUB 9
3
b A'nc 2 n Anc L
comtmon

C B'n D 517 9,10111 n B'nd 5

comtmon

d CUB 213,517,819,10 n CUB 8

cotmbine

e AND n AND 0

A 1,2 3 4,5 B 1,315

YEA 4 B
Belongs to doesthatbelongto

If all elements of Balso belong to A

B is subset of A
B C A
 8 11213,4 516,718
P 6,718 P 1,213 4,5
Q 1,213 Q 4,516,718
n Pua 6
Pua 112,316,718
94,5
damp
6
4,5

A 415
B 1,213,4
C 1,2 5

1133 4
cotbin

9mm
1,23

3 4 Natural No Decimal
1,2
4 or
0 1,213 whole
fraction
i 3 2 1 0 1 2,3 4 Integers
 ger

4
p I
Q 12 3 4 6 123

tombine

1 2 3 4 6 8 12

VENN DIAGRAMS
SHADING
SCENARIOS
 SHADING VENN DIAGRAMS
INTERSECTION A UNION U
N AND U ADD
compulsory condition II No compliment with union
SHADE FIRST SET AND THEN
ADD SECOND SET TO IT
steps write lid andtofu
conditions on sets II one compliment sign withunion
SHADE SETWITHCOMPLIMENT FIRST

Step2 SHADE ONLY THOSE THEN ADD SECOND SETTO IT

REGIONS WHICH 137 BOTH COMPLIMENTSIGNSWITH ONION
SATISFY ALL TAKE COMPLIMENT COMMON
CONDITIONS AT FLIP MIDDLE SIGN
SAME TIME
B A B
A

A n B A n B
in AIM in outa AI inB

A B A B

A n B A'A B
in A ANI QUTB OutA Ans OutB
 B A B
A

A B A B
Ed Is n

A B A B
AnB

A U B A'U B
ADI
A n B

B C

AU BAC
A
A combine IEEE
B c
J B C
 A

C
B

AN BUC
B C
A
common A
A

B
A B C

A A AND common

U ADD Combine

B C

A U BMC
INDI
A combine
A A
B C

J B C
Q
symbols
in A
outB
OutC

An B'nd
Anasuya S
correct

inB
inc
outa

A'nBnc

inP
onto

Pna
Type Scenario Based

60 3 35 0429 2
86
A

s I 22

8 27 27 3 19 15 R
B S 27 37 76
19 27 37
2 10 9
 2 IT 9

h
3 n 4 n n 5

No
of sides n

SIDES SHAPE
n 3
Triangle
n 4 QUADRILATERAL ANY 4 SIDED SHAPE
n 5 PENTAGONS
n 6 HEXAGON
n 7 HEPTAGON
n S OCTAGONS
n 9 NONAGON
n 10 DECAGON

REGULAR POLYGON All sides equal

All angles equal
SIDES REGULAR
n 3 EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
n 4 SQUARE
n 5 REGULAR PENTAGON
n G REGULAR HEXAGON
 i

i interior angle
e exterior angle

i t e 180

ON ALL POLYGONS ONLY REGULAR POLYGONS

REGULAR IRREGULAR

2 EachInterior n 2 180
Sumofall
angle n
interiorangles
n 3 3 2 180 180
Triangle
Quadrilateral n 4 4 2 180 360
Pentagon n 5 5 2 180 540 Eachexterior 360
sum of all 360 angle n

exterior angles
 This is a regularHexagon
n 6
A

27 180 16 21 720
i Sum
of all interior angles
n 180

Iii Each interior angle n 21 180 6 2 180 120

n 6

in Each exterior angle 36,0 60

951
1
195

95 360
n 2 180 951951,3
Eachfferior n

165 In74180
In
165N 180h 360
360 180h 165h
360 15h
n 24 75

24
 SYMMETRY
2 Marks

LINE ROTATIONAL
SYMMETRY SYMMETRY
1 Mark Mark

LINE SYMMETRY

LINE THAT DIVIDES A SHAPE SUCH THAT IF

WE FOLD THE PAGE ON THAT LINE BOTH
HALVES OVERLAP PERFECTLY
 A PE C D E Eine

H I time
1 Fine

M t.in it Eine Qin Eine

ne

En T Y Y W
Fine

Regular p ygÉÉ All sides and all angles equal

For
any regular polygon
No sides No lines of
of of
symmetry

Regular hexagon Sides 6

Lines ofsymmetry 6
 BE CAREFUL ABOUT

Not Regular No line

of
Sides are not same symmetry

No line
4
ofsymmetry
Isosceles Trapezium

RHOMBUS
ISOSCELESTRIANGLE

HA HA
 ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY

Rotate shape 360 and count

a

how times see its

many you
starting orientation

Rectangle
S S

Rotationalorder 2

START START

Rotationalorder 2

S
START START S
Rotationalorder 2
 For
regular polygon
No
of Rotational order
sides
of symmetry

start start
Rotational order 4

B
Rotational order 3

START
START
ISOSCELESTRIANGLE Rotational order 1 0
In rotational symmetry order 1 and order 0
means the same
thing

2times 7360 3
1 times 180
18
Rotate thisshape

180 s

Lower leftcorner 1Box

upper rightcorner 2Box
gym
3rdcolumn 2ndrow 1Box

s Il
 Nations
LINEAR IF LIFE
ISTRATI

MO
y D m
yamato

xD

QUADRATIC x2

Oct I
CUBIC m3

N
O Levels Dummies do not need to know the
difference between these two

RECIPROCAL
y
L y

y Y
 EXPONENTIAL
when we have x in power
Y 1

2
4 2 y
3
y
10
1
4

STEPS FOR IDENTIFICATION

1 SHAPE
2 Find y intercept by putting x o

3 Find x intercept by putting y o

4
4 gradt yep yet grade 4 23
T t

Figures
Figure4
Figures
d
Line E
Int gratd tve
 wrong

www
2 0
4 02 2

3
x intercept 4 0
Y intercept o bi anti
2 0
21 2 0 Of 2 1 0
4 0 2710 1 2 1
2 2 I
21 1 2
4 2

1
Figure
 3

F
For y int 2 0
Quadratic
y 02 3 C
4 3
B
forY int 2 0
Quadratic
6 9 Y 0 372 135 9 E
E 49