First Semester (2020-2021) Assiut university

Faculty of Sugar and Integrated I

Mid Term Examination Level: 2nd year Diploma (Engin
Exam. Date: 21 / 12 /2020. Course Name:Boilers and He
Time Allowed: 1 hour. Course Code:

- Tables and charts are allowed - Neat nd clear presentation

d assumptions reasonably.
Attempt all questions ( Maximum Marks: 20):

1. What is a boiler? Discuss about different types of boilers? [ 3 M]

2. What are the various types of draft in boiler system? [ 3 M]
3. What is atomization of fuel oil in combustion? [ 2 M]
4. What is the difference between an economizer and an air pre heater? [ 2 M]
5. Find out the efficiency of the boiler by direct method with the data given
below: [ 3 M]
– Type of boiler : Coal fired
– Quantity of steam (dry) generated : 8 TPH
– Steam pressure (gauge) / temp : 10 kg/cm2(g)/ 180°C
– Quantity of coal consumed : 1.8 TPH
– Feed water temperature : 85°C
– GCV of coal : 3200 kCal/kg
– Enthalpy of steam at 10 kg/cm2 pressure : 665 kCal/kg (saturated)
– Enthalpy of feed water : 85 kCal/kg
6. Which of the following are compact heat exchangers? [1 M]
(a) double-pipe exchanger (b) automobile radiator
(c) plate exchanger (d) Stirling engine regenerator

7. Fins are used primarily to: [1 M]

(a) increase heat transfer coefficient h (b) increase surface area A
(c) increase both h and A (d) increase neither h nor A

8. Commonly used flow arrangements for a shell-and-tube exchanger are: [1 M]

(a) parallel flow (b) cross-counter flow (c) 1–2 parallel counter flow

9. Fill in the blanks. [2 M]

(a) A heat exchanger is made up of heat transfer elements called _______ and fluid
distribution elements called _______.
(b) Thermodynamically, the most efficient single-pass exchanger flow arrangement
is _______ , and the least efficient flow arrangement is ___________ .

10. Circle the following statements as true or false.: [2 M]

(a) T F A shell-and-tube exchanger is the most versatile exchanger.

(b) T F Tube-fin exchangers are generally more compact than plate-fin exchangers.

Good Luck
 Model Answer of Mid Term Examination 21 / 12 /2020
2
nd
year Diploma (Engineering Section)

Sol.1 [3 M]
A boiler is an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion heat to
be transferred into water until it becomes heated water or steam.
There are virtually infinite numbers of boiler designs but generally they fit
into one of two categories:
1-Fire tube or “fire in tube” boilers; contain long steel tubes through which
the hot gasses from a
furnace pass and around which the water to be converted to steam
circulates
2- Water tube or “water in tube” boilers in which the conditions are reversed
with the water passing
through the tubes and the hot gasses passing outside the tubes

Sol.2 [3 M]
. The draft can be classified into two types namely Natural and Mechanical Draft.
Natural Draft:
It is the draft produced by a chimney alone. It is caused by the difference in weight between the
column of hot gas inside the chimney and column of outside air of the same height and cross section.
Being much lighter than outside air, chimney flue gas tends to rise, and the heavier outside air flows in
through the ash pit to take its place. It is usually controlled by hand-operated dampers in the chimney
and breeching connecting the boiler to the chimney. Here no fans or blowers are used. The products of
combustion are discharged at such a height that it will not be a nuisance to the surrounding community.
Mechanical Draft:
It is draft artificially produced by fans. Three basic types of drafts that are applied are :
Balanced Draft:
Forced-draft (F-D) fan (blower) pushes air into the furnace and an induced-draft (I-D) fan draws
gases into the chimney thereby providing draft to remove the gases from the boiler. Here the pressure is
maintained between 0.05 to 0.10 in. of water gauge below atmospheric pressure in the case of boilers
and slightly positive for reheating and heat treatment furnaces.
Induced Draft:
An induced-draft fan draws enough draft for flow into the furnace, causing the products of
combustion to discharge to atmosphere. Here the furnace is kept at a slight negative pressure below the
atmospheric pressure so that combustion air flows through the system.
Forced Draft: The Forced draft system uses a fan to deliver the air to the furnace, forcing combustion
products to flow through the unit and up the stack.

Sol.3 [2M]
Viscosity is the most important characteristic in the storage and use of fuel oil. It influences the degree
of pre-heat required for handling, storage and satisfactory atomization. If the oil is too viscous, it may
become difficult to pump, hard to light the burner, and tough to operate. Poor atomization may result in
the formation of carbon deposits on the burner tips or on the walls. Therefore pre-heating is necessary
for proper atomization.

Sol.4 [2 M]
Economizer:
The economizer is a feed water heater, deriving heat from the flue gases. The justifiable cost of the
economizer depends on the total gain in efficiency. In turn this depends on the flue gas temperature
leaving the boiler and the feed water inlet temperature.
Air Preheater:
An air preheater or air heater (see Figure 2.14) is a general term to describe any device designed to
heat air before another process (for example, combustion in a boiler) with the primary objective of
increasing the thermal efficiency of the process. They may be used alone or to replace a recuperative heat
system or to replace a steam coil.

Sol.5 [2 M]

6. Which of the following are compact heat exchangers? [1 M]

(a) double-pipe exchanger (b) automobile radiator
(c) plate exchanger (d) Stirling engine regenerator

7. Fins are used primarily to: [1 M]

(a) increase heat transfer coefficient h (b) increase surface area A
(c) increase both h and A (d) increase neither h nor A

8. Commonly used flow arrangements for a shell-and-tube exchanger are: [1 M]

(a) parallel flow (b) cross-counter flow (c) 1–2 parallel counter flow

9. Fill in the blanks. [2 M]

A heat exchanger is made up of heat transfer elements called the heat transfer surface and )a(
.fluid distribution elements called headers, manifolds, inlet and outlet nozzles

(b) Thermodynamically, the most efficient single-pass exchanger flow arrangement

..Is counter flow, and the least efficient flow arrangement is parallel flow

10. Circle the following statements as true or false.: [2 M]

(a) T F A shell-and-tube exchanger is the most versatile exchanger.

(b) T F Tube-fin exchangers are generally more compact than plate-fin exchangers.