TEMPL

LATE 3: Module
M Tem
mplate
(Will bee used indivvidually durring the selff-paced writte shop)
Modulee No. & Titlle I- Priinciples of A
Animal Scieence

Modulee Overview
Hoooray! Welccome to modulem 1, you
y are aboout to engaage on the
interrelationsh hips of mann, animals annd their envvironment. TheT topics
undder this lesson will give g you thhe understaanding of how food
prooduction afffects consuumption paatterns. Mayy you deall with the
impportance off food: its quuality and availability
a aat all time. Keep
K your
atteention to thhis matter annd enjoy youur learning jjourney!
Modulee
Objectivves/Outcom
mes Takken from cllustered ILOOs
 Describee the whole animal induustry, its role in the socciety, the
ecology of animals and its relationship witth the changging
climate
Lessonss in the moddule For students too have an iddea, just sim
mply enumerate lessonss
conntained in a module.

Lesson 1: Intrroduction too Animal Sccience

Lesson 2: Ecoology of Aniimals
Lesson 3: Liveestock and Climate Chhange

TEMPL
LATE 4: The
T Lesson Structure
(Will bee used indivvidually durring the selff-paced writte shop)
Modulee No. 1- INTRODU
UCTION
and Titlle
Lesson No. 1- Introductiion to Anim
mal Science
and Titlle
Learninng L 1.Describbe the wholle animal inndustry, andd its role.
LO
Outcommes
Time Frrame 1-Week

Introduction Hello, how are

H a you doinng? Are youu ready to start
s your leesson 1 in module
m 1? Iff
itt is yes, beegin to studdy your lesson in a minute
m becauuse this wiill give youu
suufficient innformation on the prinnciples of animal sciience, its role
r and itss
purpose. Maay you have the best tim me and you can start rigght here!

Underline thhe term/s commonly used

U u scientiifically in aanimal prodduction and
d
Activityy m
management t.

1
 Domesticatio
on FEE
EDING Bre
eeding an art

MARKET cultivvation CARE AN INDUSTRY

NUTRITION JURIS
SDICTION MANAGEM
MENT TRA
ANSPIRATIO
ON

A
AS SCIENCE REPR
RODUCTION
N GERMIN
NATION

GRAND TO
OTAL /10

Analysiis This is just an

T a ice break ker, will you
u able to ansswer the folllowing queestion based
d
on your own n perception n, experiencce and know wledge. Tryy to assess on the bestt
w you can
way n so that it will
w becomee easier for youy to deal with the veery situation n
given on thiss lesson.
1. Can you u explain the primary purpose
p of animal dommestication??
_______ ____________________ ____________________ __________ _
_______ ____________________ ____________________ __________ _
_______ ____________________ ____________________ ________.
2. What wiill happen to t you if theere are no animals
a in this planet??
Their role in our a.
a DIET b. ECCONOMY??
_______ ____________________ ____________________ __________ _
._______ __________ __________ ____________________ _________
_______ ____________________ ____________________ _________.

3. What do o you thinnk is the best consiideration in

n including
g
principlees of animal science as a course??
_______ ________________________________________ ___________
_______ ________________________________________ ___________
_______ ________________________________________ _________.

Abstracction
Man, Animals
A an
nd Ecosysteems

Man’s role in
M i relation to
t plants annd animals is beautifuully defined in Genesiss
1:28-29 of th
he Holy Bib
ble when Good said to Adam
A and Evve:

“BBe fertile an
nd multiplee, fill the earrth and subddue it. Hav
ve dominion n
over the fish h of the seaa, the birds of the air aand over alll the living
g
hings that move
th m on eaarth”. God also said, ““See, I givee you every y
seeed-bearingg plant all over
o the eaarth and eveery tree thaat has seed--
bearing fruitt on it to be your food; and to all tthe animals of the land,
all the birds of the air and
a all the living creattures that crawl on thee
ground,
g I giv
ve all the grreen plants for
f food”.

In th
he beginnin
ng, man did not havee to cultivaate the lan
nd nor herd d
nimals for his food. Fruits on the trees, eggs in thee nests weere plentifull
an

2
waiting only
w y to be gath
hered. Aniimals are on n the rangee and fishess are in thee
w
water waitin
ng to be cauught. But in the courrse of his exxistence, man
m felt thatt
n
nature’s bouunty was noot enough too satisfy him
m. He deccided that so omehow hee
h to have animals, fo
had or his food. But even n as he worrked hard ono the land,
faamine cam me. Peoplee went hun ngry and many
m perishhed. As part
p of thee
eccological milieu,
m man and
a animalss had much to do with it.

In an m the continuued growth of plants an

n ecosystem nd animals depends onn
m
maintenancee of the balance betweeen the food
d producerss (plants) an
nd the food
d
co
onsumers (aanimals and
d man).

Plantts, through their photoosynthetic activity

a convvert energy
y of the sunn
innto carbohyydrates. Theey also fix nitrogen fro om atmosphhere and, toogether withh
thhe other eleements of thhe air, waterr and soil, convert
c them
m into proteeins. Plantss
arre thereforee, producers of energy y and proteein foods. Animals, on o the otherr
h
hand, directtly or indirrectly conssume plantts for theirr energy, growth
g andd
reeproduction n. As consu umers, somme animals feed only oon plants (h herbivores),
soome feed on n other anim
mals only (ccarnivores) and some ffeed on both h plants andd
annimals (ommnivores). Man
M is omniivorous.

Whille animals return

r part of
o the nutrieents that theey consume back to thee
oil and eveentually to the plants, the amou
so unt is muchh less than n what they y
w
withdraw froom the plan nts. Much of the enerrgy taken inn by animaals from thee
plants is disssipated to th
he atmospheere during respiration.
r Thus, for a given land
d
arrea, the groowth of an nimal popullation could d introducee an imbalaance in thee
eccosystem inn a way thatt could depllete the vegeetation.

Inn a system
m where anim mals are prroduced in a pastoral system and d where thee
reegrowth of vegetation is left entirrely to natu
ure, the landd could be easily
e over--
grazed to thee extent thaat, while annimals contiinue to reprroduce and increase inn
n
number, veg
getation is not
n given th he opportun mal growth.
nity to recovver its norm
Inndeed in maany parts off the world what
w used to t be areas oof lush vegeetation havee
become deseerts.

Asidee from plan nts, animals are also sources of food energ gy for man.
But because of the dissipation of energy
B e in th
he process oof conversio
on of plantss
an
nd other feeedstuffs into
o animal pro
oducts, anim
mals are pooor producerrs of food.

A
Animal and Its Econom
mic Utility

Notwwithstandingg the relativ

ve inefficien
ncy of animaals in the prroduction off
foood, they are
a importaant compon nents of thhe food prooduction sy ystem. Forr
exxample, an nimals havee the follow wing distinnctive attrib
butes that enhance
e thee
abbility of an agriculturall system to produce foood for man:

 Anim
mals can feeed on and
d convert plants
p and other materials which
h

3
 woulld have otheerwise gonee to waste, in
nto rich hum
man food; and
a

 Anim
mal productts have chhemical com mposition that closely y resemblee
man’s dietary reequirement and
a thereforre more diggestible and nutritious.

In crrop producction, only a fraction n of biomaass is fit for human n

co
onsumptionn. In rice production,
p , for examp
ple, only abbout half of the entiree
h
harvested biomass is grrains. The rest are hiighly cellullosic strawss which can
n
only be conssumed as feeed by ruminnant animals like cattlee and carabaaos.

Evenn in the proccessing of riice grains in

nto polishedd rice, by-prroducts likee
riice bran caannot be eaaten by maan but coulld be a palatably rich h source off
n
nutrients for animals. Animals
A likee the ruminaants could feed
f on biommass wastess
suuch as strawws, stoverss, hays, graasses and leeaves of otther crops anda convertt
thhem into hig
ghly concen ntrated proteein foods (llike milk an
nd meat) thaat are highlyy
d
digestible an
nd nutritiouss to man.

Food
d from plantts may conttain protein but their chhemical commposition iss
quite different from thaat of man. Plant
q P proteiins are of loower quality
y comparedd
too that of an
nimals. While
W some people hav ve succeedeed in adoptting strictlyy
vegetarian diet,
d humann beings haave learned to like thee distinctiv ve flavor off
annimal foodd products. Many hav ve tried butt none succceeded in synthesizing
s g
plant proteinns into food
d products tthat have th
he distinctivve flavor an
nd aroma off
m
meat, milk or
o eggs. An nimal food products will
w always be prime food fo item in n
thhe human diet.

While food is the most importantt contributio

W on of anim
mals to humman welfare,
annimals have been dom mesticated by
b man also to provid de him with h skins andd
h
hairs for cloothing and shelter, annimal poweer for transpport and trraction, andd
beauty, graace subservient tem mperament for mann’s amuseement and d
coompanionsh hip. Certain animal products
p an
nd by-produucts are alsso used forr
foood produccts such as glue from m horns, ferrtilizer and feed from bones and d
offals, insulaated clothing
g from feath
hers, etc.

T
Table 1. Farm
m animal sp
pecies domessticated by man
m for agrricultural va
alue/ uses
__________
__ __________
___________________________________________________
S
SPECIES SCIENTIFIC NAME
N MAIIN USES
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________

Mammals
M
Horse Equuus caballoss Tractionn,transport aand amusem ment
Ass Equuus asinus Tracttion and traansport
Mulee (Hybrid of
o male ass and mare) Tracttion and traansport
Cameel Camelus
C droomedarius Transport
Cattle (no (Meat, milk,
m hide traaction and
mp)
hum Boos Taurus t
transport)
Buffaalo Bubbalus buballis M
Meat, milk, traction andd transport

4
 Sheepp Ovis ariees Meat, miilk, and hairr (wool)
Goat Capra
C hircuss Meatt and milk
Pigs Sus
S scrofa Meatt
Rabbbit Oryctolagus
O cuniculus Meatt and skin

B
Birds
Chick
ken Gallus galllus Meatt, eggs and amusementt
Duckk (Mallard) Anas latyrhhnchos Meatt and eggs
(
(Muscovy) Cairina moschata Meatt and eggs
Goosse Anser
A domessticus Meatt and eggs
Turkey Meleagris
M gaallopavo Meatt and eggs
on
Pigeo Columba
C livia Meatt and amuseement
Quail Coturnix
C cotturnix Meatt and eggs
Guin
nea fowl Numida
N meleeagris Meatt
=
=========
========= ========= ========= =========
========= ========

A
Animal Agriiculture andd the Popullation Probblem

FAO and otherr institution ns suggest that

t global meat prod duction and
d
coonsumption n will rise from
f 233 million
m tonn
nes (2000) to 300 milllion tonness
(22020), and milk from 568 to 700 0 million to
onnes over the same period.
p Egg
g
production will
w also inccrease by 30 0 percent. These
T prediictions show
w a massivee
inncrease in animal
a proteein demand d, needed too satisfy thee growth in
n the human
n
population, and
a the incrreasing affluuence of thhe emergingg economiess. However,
m
much of thee growth has
h been tak king place in a relativvely small number off
coountries, inncluding soome of thee most pop pulous ones, e.g. Chiina, Brazil.
Inncluding th hese two countries,
c the per caapita meat consumpttion in thee
d
developing c
countries went from 11 n the 2 decades to the mid-1990s.
1 to 23 kg in
E
Excluding th
hese two couuntries, it w
went from 111 kg to onlyy 15 kg.

Withh the everr-increasing g human populationn and thee attendantt

coontraction of
o load for agriculturaal production, the challlenge to pro
oduce moree
annimal food products iss becoming more and more
m severe. In recennt years, thee
raate of increease of Fillipinos is already
a oveertaking thee growth ini livestockk
population inn the Philipp
pines

Inn demograp
phics, the world
w populaation is the total numbeer of human
ns currently
y

5
liiving, and was
w estimatted to havee reached 7,,800,000,0000 people as a of March h
2020.
In otther developping countrries where resources are still ab bundant, thee
potential fo or supplyin ng the aniimal proteiin requirem ment of itts growing g
population still exists. In the Phillippines, forr example, it is estimaated that thee
present grasssland resouurces can su upport moree than twicee the presen nt cattle and d
caarabao popu ulation. Thhe by-produucts of our staple
s and inndustrial crrops such ass
riice and canne tops, if fully
f utilizeed, could sttill support additional millions off
thhese ruminaants. Develoopment of pproduction systems
s thatt will efficieently utilizee
thhese resourrces and thee improvem ment in the socio-polittical condittions in thee
co a necessarry to attain this goal.
ountryside are

In hiighly develloped coun ntries such as those inn North America and d
Western Eurrope, tremeendous imp
W provement in i animal pproductivityy have been n
atttained becaause of the applicationn of modern n science aand technolo
ogy in theirr
production systems.
s Heence, in spiite of the po
opulation inncrease and contraction
n
of agriculturral land, theey have been n able to prroduce moree animal prroducts than
n
thhey required
d.

A
Animal Scieence and thee Animal In
ndustry

Like all other prroductive seectors of thee economy, the continu

ued viability
y
annd progress of the an nimal indusstry depend ds on how it is able to respond d
suuccessfully well to th he changingg conditionss of the biological, ph hysical andd
soocio-econom mic and political envirronments. Advances iin animal sccience keep p
thhe industry responsivee to these en nvironmenttal changes.. The deveelopment off
m
more efficien
nt and prodductive breeds and varieeties of anim
mals througgh breeding,
of cheaper an nd more nu utritious feed
d materials for animal feed, of new
w drugs and d
feeed additiv ves of new w systems of housin ng and maanagement that moree
ecconomically y improve the
t health an nd performaance of animmals.

T
Table 2. An
nimal Inven
ntory as of January 01, 2020
Speciees Popullation Back
kyard Commercial
C
Cattle 2..54M with + .003% Growth 94.11% 5.9%
Carabao 2,, 865.72 Thouusand -3%
% 99.66% 0.4%
Chicken 1885.58M + .4%
%

N
Native/Improvved 44.3%
Broiler 33.4%
Layer 22.3%

D
Duck 111.79M + 1.99% 65.99% 34.1%
D
Dairy Animalls 444, 434 Hds +66.34%

Cattle +8.95%
+
Carabao +
+2.91%
Goat +
+6.75%
Goat 3..81 M + 1.5% 98.66% 1.4%

6
 Swine 122.71 M -0.2% 62.33% 37.7%
S
Source:

Livestock
k and Poulttry Produccts
peer capita consump
ption for NCR per capita consumption for Davao Region
Chicken 14.51 kg. 9.07 kgg.
P
Pork 13.63 kg. 9.79 kgg.
Carabeef 14 g.
g .03 g.
B
Beef 1.30 kkg. 1.37 kgg.
Chicken Eggg 123 pieces 81 piecees
D
Duck Egg 1 pieece 2 piecess
F
Fresh/ Pasteuurized 0.65 L. .08 kg.. Duck meat
M
Milk
Crrops and Cereals
R
Rice 98.46 kg. 94.40 kgg.
Corn .46 kg
k 40.68 kgg.
Sweet Potatto 2.37 kg 3.46 kgg.
W
White Potatto 1.55 kg. 0.23 kgg.
1.71 kgg Cassava
0.61 kgg. Gaabi
Fish and Other Marrine Produccts
Tilapia 7.47 kg. 1.51 kgg
M
Milkfish 6.93 kg. 4.48 kgg.
R
Roundscad 5.29 kg 4.5 kg.
M
Mussels 0.79 kg. 0.89 kgg
D
Dalagang Bukid
B 1.02 kg. 0.47 kgg.
7.37 kgg. Tun
na
S
Source:PSA
A, 2018

Applicaation Finally, you are on thee stage of self-checking

F s g. Answer the activitiees providedd
below, and youy are rem minded to ffollow the instructions
i s carefully. Enjoy yourr
leearning appplication! Do
D your bestt and be honnest.

E
Exercise A.

Innstruction: Match coluumn A(speccies) and coolumn B (sscientific naame). Writee

thhe letter of the
t correct answer on the
t space prrovided beffore the nummber item.

Column A
C Coluumn B
___1. Gooat a. Oviss aries
_
___2. Pig b. Bos tauurus
___3.Qu uail c. Capraa hircus
___4. Caattle d. Sus scrrofa
__
___5. Rabbitt e. Coluumbia livia

7
 ___6. Chick
_ ken f. Coturnix coturnix
c
____7. Sheeep g Gallus ga
g. allus
__
___8. Turkeyy h. Oryctolaguus cuniculuss
__
___9. Camell i. Bubalus bubalis
__
___10. Pigeoon j. Camelus drromedariuss
k. Meleagrris gallopavvo

E
Exercise B.

Innstruction: Encircle
E thee letter of thhe correct answer.
a

1. These anim
mals are maainly used inn traction, except;
e
a. Ass b. Cattle c. Caamel d Horse
d.

2. The most populous

p am
mong animaal species iss;
a. Gallus gallus
g b.
b Ovis ariess c. Coturn nix coturnixx d. Capra
a hircus

3. Developedd countries attained imp

mprovement in animal pproductivityy is due to;
a. Prroduce moree animal pro oducts
b. Ap
pply modern n science annd technolog
gy
c. Impproved breeeding
d. Ad
dvances in animal
a scien
nce

4. The estimaated world population

p as of March
h 2020 is;
a. 7,8
800,000,0000 people
b. 7
7,800,000 p
people
c. 104,000,000 people
d. 1044,00,000,0000 people

onsumption of beef in Davao

5. It is the peer capita co D Regioon;
a. 9.0
07 kg. b.
b 9.79 kg. c. 0.3 kg
g. d. 1.337 kg.

Closuree Congratulatiions! You hu

C urdle lessonn 1 with so much ease. You may proceed
p to
y
your last task
k given belo
ow. Keep yo our enthusiaasm!

8
MODU
ULE ASSES
SSMENT
Prepare a case
c study ono food, an nimal and sppace sufficiiency on onne (1) amon
ng the farm
m
animalss’ species coovered by this
t lesson. Research hhow they ab ble to comppete with hu
umans in alll
aspects,, possible. Just followw the provid ded format (IBC) below and be jjudicious en nough. Youu
may usee a separatee sheet if thee space prov
vided is insu
ufficient. Good
G luck!
Rubriccs:
Requireed Elementss (Identificaation of the main issuess) - 40%
Analysiis and Evaluuation - 30%
Writing
g Mechanicss - 20
0%
Creativity -10%
1000%
Introdu
uction (3-5 sentences)

Body (8
8-15 senten
nces)

Conclu
usion

9
MODU
ULE SUMM
MARY
The naturaal endowmeents of eartth are entru
usted to maan. To be tthe highest among thee
levels organism,
o hee has to maanage and conserve thee highly dim
minishing reesources to prolong thee
usage for
fo both needds and wantts.
Food is said to be the most physiiological neeeds that can n be producced out from m the plantss
and anim
mals that coontain viablle nutrients that supporrt metabolic activities to
o sustain liffe.
Animals’ role
r in hum
man diet can nnot be repplaced by any
a food m material in terms
t of itss
superiorr quality. T
Thus, producction and management
m t are among
g the top priiorities to d
deal with itss
suppresssive conseqquences justt meet both ends of hum
man existen
nce.

REFER
RENCES
Caballees, D.G., Fllorida, J.S. 2013. Biolo
ogical Sciennce. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 105
Eng gineering R
Road, Araneeta Universitty Village, PPotrero, Maalabon City.
Davis, P.
P W., Soloomon, E.P.1
1979. The Worlds
W of Biiology. McG
Graw-Hill B
Book Company.
Hilllsborough Community
C y College.
Food an
nd Agricullture Organ nization of the United
d Nations Regional
R Offfice for Asiia and the
Paccific http://w
www.fao.orrg/3/x6552ee/X6552E044.htm
ALE Reviewer.
R

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