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Overview of Knowledge in Sport and Exercise Psychology

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5 views

Overview of Knowledge in Sport and Exercise Psychology

Uploaded by

mmelchionda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.

Overview of knowledge in sport and


exercise psychology
a.Personality
i. Personality and sport
1. Traits of successful athletes
2. Mental toughness
3. Moral behavior and prosocial
behavior in children
Key Point: No uniform set of traits
exists for an athletic personality, but
successful athletes have stronger
commitment, better ability to cope
with stress, distractions, and
difficulties, and do so with higher
confidence than do less successful
athletes.
ii. Personality and exercise
1. Positive behavior change and
mental health
2. Self-esteem and self-
confidence
3. Cognitive function
Key Point: Sport has not been found
to build socially valued attributes or
character, but exercise has been
shown to produce several benefits,
including enhanced self-concept and
psychological well-being and
decreased anxiety and depression.
b. Motivation
i. Motivation is a complex set of
internal and external forces that
influence individuals to behave in
certain ways
1. Enjoyment
2. Competence
3. Autonomy (self-
determination)
a.Intrinsic and extrinsic
(autonomous; controlled)
motivation
b. Developing intrinsic
motivation
c.Using extrinsic reinforcers to
enhance motivation
4. Relatedness
c.Arousal and anxiety

i. Arousal = a state of bodily energy or


physical and mental readiness
ii. Anxiety = experience of arousal,
along with feelings of nervousness
or worry
iii. Reframing anxiety into readiness
and excitement
iv. Stress = demand placed on a person
v. How arousal influences performance
(inverted-U model)

d. Social or group processes


i. Presence of others
Key Point: Family support and
modeling are highly predictive of the
physical activity participation of
children, whereas elderly people
tend to become less physically
active because of social isolation.
ii. Group membership
Key Point: Cohesion and group
membership facilitate physical
activity performance, but social
loafing may occur unless individuals
are monitored and their inputs
viewed as important to overall
performance.
e. Mental skills training in physical
activity
Key Point: Intervention techniques in
sport and exercise psychology can
increase exercise adherence, enhance
sport performance, develop life skills,
aid in injury rehabilitation, and ease
career transitions and retirement from
sport.
i. Imagery
ii. Attentional focus
iii. Mindfulness
f.Burnout

Have students discuss how sport and


exercise psychology can be used to benefit
them in their chosen professions. They
should give specific examples of how they
could use it as a practicing professional
either personally or with clients, patients, or
students. You may want to create groups of
three or four students who are interested in
different professions so they can see its
various applications (and in some cases,
note the overlap in the fields).

Have students discuss motivation. What


motivates them in sport? What motivates
them in exercise? Would they consider
themselves more intrinsically motivated or
extrinsically motivated? They should give
examples. (This could be done on a
discussion board or blog.)
 What kind of relaxation exercises or other
stress management techniques do you use?

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