Division 15

PIPES AND FITTINGS

SECTION 15060 - PIPES AND FITTINGS

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.1 RELATED WORK

A. Division 15 - Mechanical

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. This section covers the general piping and fittings supply and installation required for the
works.

1.3 REFERENCES
A. Reference Standards
The latest edition of the following standards:
1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
a. ASTM A53B Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe for Ordinary Use, Specification for
Black and Hot Dipped Zinc Coated.

2. American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Standards as specified herein.

1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data
Descriptive literature for each of the actual proposed material to be used including:
1. Operating Pressure Ranges.
2. Pressure Losses.
3. Fluid Flows.
4. Test Reports.
5. Certificates of approval.
B. Shop Drawings
Shop drawings for each of the proposed systems shall includes following:
1. Working or manufacturing drawings.
2. Calculations.
3. Installations details
4. Connections to other services.
5. Accessories available indicating those included.
6. System diagrams.
1.5QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Submit welder certificated signed by the Contractor certifying that welders comply with the
technical requirements.
1.6WORK INCLUDED ELSEWHERE
A. Soil, Waste, and Roof Drainage Piping Systems.
B. Sections related to External Site Utilities.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.1PIPES
A. Service Schedule
ServicePiping Class

- Domestic cold water supply underground outside the building. Multilayer

- Domestic cold water supply inside the building. GSP

- Domestic hot water supply and return inside the building. GSP
Service Piping Class
- Fire Protection water supply pipes. BSP
- Drainage and vent pipes above ground UPVC
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

- Sanitary sewer under building structure UPVC

- Sanitary sewer under ground and outside building. UPVC
- Sanitary sewer under Roads. UPVC
- Storm drain above ground UPVC
- Storm drain under building structure UPVC
- Laboratory waste Piping HDPE
- Laboratory under bench waste piping HDPE
- Gas BSP
- Fuel Oil BSP
- Drainage pipe from CSSD, Laundry UPVC
- Chilled Water BSP
- A/C Condensate drain PPVC
- Refrigerant CUP type 3
- Medical gas CUP type 2
- Vacuum & Medical Compressed air CUP type 2

B. Sizes
1. Unless otherwise specified steel pipe work of 65 mm nominal bore and over shall be
welded joints, while 50 mm nominal bore and below the pipe work shall be screwed joints.

2.2 PIPING MATERIALS

A. UPVC Pressure Piping

1. Pipe work:
a. The pipe work and fittings shall be U.P.V.C. in accordance with EN 1452, suitable for
pressure pipes (10 bars).
b. Fittings shall be in accordance with EN 1452.
c. The pipe work and fittings shall be installed strictly in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations, copies, of technical instructions on the laying of
U.P.V.C. pipe work shall be obtained from the manufacturer’s Technical Service
Department before work proceeds.
d. When jointing pipe work the spigot and socket ends shall be supported clear of the
ground to prevent dirt deposits on the joint, solvent or lubricant. Only solvent and
lubricant made by the manufacturer of the pipe shall be used.
e. When making flanged joints the correct flanges and seal rings shall be used with seal
gasket set square between mating flange and all bolts secured evenly.
f. Where solvent joints are used a mechanical joint incorporating a seal ring shall be
incorporated where necessary to allow for thermal movement.
g. Test pressure shall be applied to the system after a period of not less than 24 hours.
h. Where joints are to be made between dissimilar materials a proper purpose made
flanged adapter shall be used.
i. No attempt shall be made to alter or manufacture U.P.V.C. fillings on site.
j. All underground UPVC pipes shall be encased with reinforced concrete 150mm thick.
k. All exposed UPVC pipes in false ceiling areas should be acoustic type.

2. Mechanical Joints:
a. When making a mechanical joint a check shall be made to ensure that the depth of
entry mark is indicated on every spigot before insertion into the socket, so that the
spigot enters the socket within 13/25 mm of the socket.
b. The spigot end of the pipe shall be chamfered to half the wall thickness and made with
suitable hand tools provided by the manufacturer.
c. When making a mechanical joint care shall be taken ensure that the seal ring is not
misplaced.
d. Due allowance shall be made for the control of thermal movement.
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

e. Solvent Joints:
f. When making a solvent joint the spigot and sockets shall be wiped clean and
thoroughly degreased with cleaner to remove oil, grease, etc, after which the spigot
and socket shall have solvent adhesive applied.
g. The sockets and spigots shall be assembled as quickly as possible after applying the
adhesive and within forty seconds after which it shall be held together for up to five
minutes.
h. Special care shall be taken to prevent dirt and rubbish entering the open ends of pipes
during erection. Wrought iron screwed caps or plugs, or plastic covers only shall be
used. Wood, rag or paper plugs shall not be used. Failure to comply with this
instruction shall mean that the Engineer shall have the right to order the pipe work to
be dismantled for as far as considered necessary and the pipe work to be cleaned
internally. Such work shall be carried out by the Contractor and all cost shall be borne
by the Contractor.
i. The Contractor is reminded that the valve fitted to the open end of disconnected pipes
is not considered satisfactory to prevent the entry of rubbish. The open end shall be
capped, plugged or crimped.

B. Polypropylene pipes (PPR)

1. PPR pipes shall be high density, rigid type, working at 6 bars pressure at 90° C, according
to DIN 16892/93.
2. Pipes shall be welded by an approved special electric welding process.
3. All tees, branches, reducers, shall be welded in the same manner of pipes.
4. PPR are allowed to be used for heating and domestic cold and hot water pipes, inside
apartments, under tiles and inside walls.
5. Approved manufacturer: Coestherm or approved equal.

C. High density polyethylene pipes (HDPE)

1. HDPE pipe (high density polyethylene pipe), should be without any lubrificant and
conform to French norm NFT 54072 (polyethylene 5).
2. HDPE pipe should be specified by a blue sign for potable water network (public water), in
order to be sure of the quality of the water (without odors). The storage of HDPE pipe
shouldn’t be in an exposed area to the sun and high temperature.
3. The thermo fusion should be executed by mirror or electrical collars.
4. Approved manufacturer: Future Pipe or approved equal.

D. Multi-Layer Pipes

1. Multi-layer pipes shall be of the longitudinally lap-welded aluminum with the inner and
outer layers made of cross-linked polyethylene tightly bonded the aluminum by means of
adhesives.
2. Multi-layer composite pipe shall be approved by DVGW for potable water.
3. Multi-layer pipes are allowed to be used for domestic cold & hot water supply 3
application and for potable water.
4. Multilayer pipe shall be similar to unipipe or approved equal.
5. Multi-layer pipes shall be of the diffusion type 5 layers composite pipes, with a
longitudinally overlapped welded aluminum with the inner and outer layers made of cross-
linked polyethylene tightly bonded to the aluminum by means of adhesives:
6. Permanent load up to : max. 95 ºC/10 bars
7. Peak load : max. 110 ºC/10 bars
8. Pipe roughness : 0.0004 mm
9. Thermal conductivity : 0.40 w (mk)
10. Thermal expansion coefficient : 25 x 10-6 m/mk
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

11. All fittings shall be nickel-plated brass type pipes and pipe fittings shall be to Din 1988.
Fittings shall be manufactured by the same pipe manufacturer.
E. Copper Pipes (CUP) Type 2

CUP shall be to BS 2871 Part 1 table X or table Y Copper Water Tube.

Table X tubes shall be used within the building and Table Y tubes for underground
installation.
Cup shall be suitable for jointing with compression fitting joints.
Fittings shall be to BS 864 Part 2 - type A brass.
CUP are allowed to be used for Medical gas piping and/or as specifically mentioned in the
schedule of pipe materials.
All copper tubes shall be marked with the manufacturer's name or trade mark and tube type, at
intervals not to exceed 500mm.
All fittings shall be marked in accordance with the applicable standard and must be marked
with the manufacturer's name or trade mark.

F. Copper Pipes (CUP) Type 3

Copper pipes shall be of the seamless hard drawn tubing type K or L to ASTM B88. Tubing,
to be used, shall have been cleaned by the manufacturer and the open ends capped to preserve
cleanliness.
Cup shall be designed, constructed and installed in compliance with ASA B9.1 and ASA
B35.5 (safety code for Mechanical Refrigeration).
CUP shall be suitable for solder jointing with forged or wrought copper fittings.
Cast fittings should not be used because they might be porous and allow the refrigerant to leak.
Surfaces to be soldered shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be given a thin coating of
approved soldering flux and the tubing end inserted into the fitting as far as possible.
Heating and finishing of the joint shall be done in accordance with the recommendations of
the manufacturer of the fittings. During the heating, the pipe and fittings must be kept full of
an inert gas N or CO2 to prevent formation of scale.
The solder metal to be used shall be a non-ferrous metal or alloy having a melting point
◌ْ ◌ْ below 800◌ F (427◌C) and below that of the metal being joined, an accepted solder is Sil-
Fos to make copper to copper joints.
When solenoid valves are being installed, the coil should be removed, and no heat shall be
applied near the bulb of the expansion valve.
CUP are allowed to be used to carry refrigerants 12, 22, and 500 only and/or as specifically
mentioned in the schedule of pipe materials.
G. Galvanized Steel Piping
1. Welded and seamless galvanized steel pipes shall be schedule 40 to ASTM A53 grade B.
Pipes shall be cold drawn for sizes up to 50mm diameter and hot drawn for larger sizes.
Hot drawn pipes to have wall thickness along the total length of the pipe.
2. All fittings elbows, tees, unions, etc. to be of same quality and weight of pipe, as specified
below.
3. All pipes to be identified by logo, size, thickness, material and heat number.
4. Pipe wall thickness and weight should be as follows:

Pipe size (inch) Pipe size (mm) Wall thickness (mm) Weight per m
(1/2) 16 2.77 1.27
(3/4) 20 2.87 1.69
(1) 25 3.38 2.50
(11/4) 32 3.56 3.39
(11/2) 40 3.68 4.05
(2) 50 3.91 5.44
(21/2) 65 5.16 8.63
(3) 80 5.49 11.3
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

(4) 110 6.02 16.07

(5) 125 6.55 21.77
(6) 160 7.11 28.26
(8) 200 8.18 42.55
(10) 250 9.27 60.30

H. Black Steel Piping

1. Black steel pipes shall be seamless schedule 40 to ASTM A106 grade B

2. Fittings shall be threaded up to 2” (50mm) diameter and welded for 2 1/2” (65mm)
diameter and above. Pipes shall be cold drawn for sizes up to 50mm diameter and hot
drawn for larger sizes. Hot drawn pipes to have wall thickness along the total length of the
pipe.
3. All fittings elbows, tees, unions, etc. to be of same quality and weight of pipe, as specified
below
4. End of pipes for 2” (50mm) shall be plain, straight cut and cupped ends. 2 112” (65mm)
diameter and above pipe shall have beveled ends.
5. All pipes to be identified by logo, size, thickness, material and heat number.

I. Galvanized & Black Steel Fittings

1. Pipe Fittings, welded

a. Black steel fittings from 2 1/2 " (65mm) and larger to be steel butt-welded fittings,
material ASTM A234 grade WPB, ANSI B16.9 beveled ends.
b. Recommended content of impurities: S=15 to 20/1000 P=15 to 20/1000
c. Logo, material, thickness and heat number must be hot stamped on each piece of
fittings.
d. All pieces of fittings to be coated with anti-rust paint.

2. Pipe Fittings, Black malleable iron

a. Black malleable iron fittings conform to: 6681 GR B30.O6 or ASTM A197
b. Black malleable iron fittings up to 2” (50mm) to be screwed conform to BS 143
having taper external threads and taper internal jointing threads conform to BS2I
filling to have a full clear bore and high factor of safety over stated working pressures.
c. All female outlets to have banded reinforcement.
d. All unions to have preferably spherical seat.

e. Each piece of malleable iron filling has to be factory tested either by pressure or
hydrostatically.

3. Pipe iron malleable iron galvanized

a. Same as black malleable iron fittings but hot-drip Zinc coated.
b. Coating conforms to BS 729 and ASTM 153 minimum coating 600g1m2.
c. Galvanized fittings to be used up to 6”.
4. Steel flanges
a. Black forged steel flanges to conform to ASTM A105.
b. Type of flange slip-on (S/O), spirally grooved to match gasket flanges to be fully
machined after normalizing heat treatment.
c. Flanges to be drilled according to the matching equipment or valves:
S/0, PNIO as per BS 4504 TABLE 10/5
S/0, PNI6 as per BS 4504 TABLE 16/5
Screwed bars, PNI6 as per BS 4504 TABLE 16/4
Blind, PNI6 as per BS 4504 TABLE 16/8C
S/O, ASA 150, ANSI B16.5, RF.
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

d. Screwed bars, PN16 as per BS4504 TABLE 16/4 hot-drip galvanized or galvanized
plating.
5. Gaskets
a. Casketing materials to be non asbestos to ANSO B16.21 dimensions to match
corresponding flanges as per equipment and valves scope.
b. Gasket to be cut from compressed sheet jointing, thickness of sheets 1.6 to 2.5 mm
depending from sizes.

6. Stud Bolts, Bolts and Nuts

a. Alloy Carbon steel stud blot and nuts of size below 7/5"(22mm) shall be hot forged
according to ASTM A193 GRB7, from size 7/8 and above, cold forged according to
ASTM A194 GR2H.

J. Cast Iron Pipes (CIP)

1. Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings.

a. The systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with BS 5572, BS 8301 and
the relevant sections of the building regulations.
b. Soil, vent and rainwater pipe work of nominal diameters, 50mm to 300mm shall be
installed using light weight cast iron socketless soil and fittings conforming to a
British Board Argrément Certificate and meet with pr EN877
c. pipes shall be coated as follows :

Above ground soil, vent and rainwater pipe work (inclusive of products embedded in
concrete)

Pipes Externally - One coat of red water based paint. Giving an average thickness of
40 microns.

Pipes Internally - A black epoxy tar lining, a minimum thickness of 120 microns. This
comprises two solvent based components of epoxy resin and tar pitch to give internal
protection and anti-corrosive features.

Fittings shall be protected internally and externally with a single coat of red powder
epoxy resin electro statically applied. This gives an average thickness of 70 microns
with a minimum thickness of 40 microns.

Couplings / Brackets (Ductile Iron) Protected with a red based semi-gloss paint,
average thickness of 40 microns.

Below ground – drain pipe work

Pipes Externally - One coat of red water based paint. Giving an average thickness of
40 microns.

Pipes Internally - A black epoxy tar lining, a minimum thickness of 120 microns. This
comprises two solvent based components of epoxy resin and tar pitch to give internal
protection and anti-corrosive features.

Fittings shall be protected internally and externally with a single coat of red powder
epoxy resin electro statically applied. This gives an average thickness of 70 microns
with a minimum thickness of 40 microns.

Couplings / Brackets All stainless steel (or ductile iron protected with a red based
semi-gloss paint, average thickness of 40 microns).
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

Additional anti-corrosive wrapping will be required with either

Polyethylene sleeving in accordance with ISO 8180 or
Adhesive tapes, e.g. “long Maflowrap”, or “Densotape”, or similar. *

(Or optional all stainless steel couplings)

Where pipes are cut on site, ends shall be cut clean and square with burrs removed. All
cut ends shall be made good/re-coated strictly in accordance with manufacturers'
recommendations.

All pipes and fittings shall be jointed by means of all stainless steel couplings,
including set screws and nuts, or optional ductile iron couplings. The couplings shall
incorporate a synthetic EPDM rubber gasket as standard or Nitrite to special order.
Earth continuity shall be provided for.

Joints to cast iron drain and to other materials shall be made using standard couplings
or step couplings as described in clause (e), or traditional joint connectors.

2.3 PIPE FITTINGS AND SPECIALTIES

A. General
1. Refer to individual piping system sections for required pipe fillings and specialties not
covered herein.
2. Pipes shall be joined via the Victual grooved coupling style.
3. All ground components shall be of one manufacturer and conform to local code approval
and/or as listed by ANSI-B-31.1, B-31.3, B-31.9.

B. Elbows, Tees, Reducers

1. These fittings shall comply with ASTM and ANSI B16 as described in relevant sections of
specifications. The wall thickness shall at least be as specified for the straight pipes.
2. All fittings shall be factory made.
3. Unless otherwise stated, elbows shall be long radius bends with a radius of 1.5 times the
nominal size, and shall be smooth and not made of welded segments.
4. Tees up to and including an outside diameter of 323.9mm shall be of the pressed type.

5. Unless otherwise specified, reducers shall be made with a length L = 3 (D-d), where L is
the construction length, D the outer diameter of the large end and d that of the small end.
Unless otherwise stated, the wall thickness of a reducer shall be the same as that of the
adjacent large straight pipe.

C. Carbon Steel Pipes Couplings & Fittings

1. Pipe Jointing Method: Pipes shall be joined via the Victual grooved coupling Style 07
Zero Flex Rigid coupling with Angle Pad Design. Victual Style 77 or 75 shall be used
where system flexibility is required, at pumps and mechanical equipment to reduce
vibration, noise and to accommodate for thermal expansion and contraction. All couplings
shall be cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-395, Grade 65-45-15 or malleable
iron conforming to ASTM A-47 Grade 32510. Housings shall be red or orange enamel
coated or hot dip galvanized.
2. Gaskets: Shall be Grade “E” EPDM compound (green color-coded) conforming to ASTM
D-2000, UL listed classified to ANSI/NSF 61 for water supply systems. All gaskets shall
be selected as per manufacturer’s recommendation according to service application.
Gaskets must be manufactured by the same source for couplings and fittings to secure
compatibility.
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

3. Grooved Fittings and Coating: Shall be Victual fittings cast of ductile iron conforming to
ASTM A-395, Grade 65-45-15 with grooved ends, malleable iron conforming to ASTM
A-47 Grade 32510, forged steel to ASTM A-234. Fittings shall be alkynde enamel
painted; hot dip galvanized to ASTM A-153.
4. Branch Outlets - Hole Cut Pipe: Hole cut branch outlets shall be Victual style 920, 920N
Mechanical T branch connections with locating collar emerging into the hole. Gaskets
shall be Grade E standard pressure responsive gasket.
5. Flange Adapter: Vic-Flange® Adapter Style 741 2"-24" (DN50-DN600), for connection to
ANSI class 125/150 flanged components. Cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-
536, Grade 65-45-12. Vic-Flange® Adapter Style 743 2"-12" (DN50-DN300), for
connection to ANSI class 250/300 flanged components. Cast of ductile iron conforming to
ASTM A-536, Grade 65-45-12.

D. Fire Fighting Couplings & Fittings

1. Pipe Jointing Method: Pipes shall be joined via the Victaulic grooved Style 005 Rigid
Firelock Coupling with Angle Pad Design for pressures up to 300psi. Style 07 Zero Flex
Design shall be used for pressure ratings above 300psi. Victaulic Style 77 or 75 shall be
used where system flexibility is required, at pumps and mechanical equipment to reduce
vibration and noise. All couplings shall be cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-
395, Grade 65-45-15 or malleable iron conforming to ASTM A-47 Grade 32510. Housings
shall be red or orange enamel coated or hot dip galvanized.
2. Gaskets: Shall be Grade “E” EPDM Type ‘A’ compound (violet color coded) conforming
to ASTM D-2000, UL listed classified to ANSI/NSF 61 for water supply systems and
Flush Seal gaskets for dry service. All gaskets shall be selected as per manufacturer’s
recommendation according to service application. Gaskets must be manufactured by the
same source for couplings and fittings to secure compatibility.
3. Grooved Fittings and Coating: Shall be cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-395,
Grade 65-45-15 or ASTM A-563, Grade 65-45-12 with grooved ends for direct connection
into the grooved piping system. Fittings shall be orange or red enamel coated or hot dip
galvanized.

4. Branch Outlets - Hole Cut Pipe: Hole cut branch outlets shall be Victaulic style 920,
920N, or 922 sprinkler T and branch connections with locating collar emerging into the
hole. Gaskets shall be Grade E standard pressure responsive gasket. Branches shall have a
machine cut hole at a predetermined position, on the centerline of the pipe, of a size to
receive the housing collar, in accordance with Victaulic specifications using Victaulic
Hole Cut Machines.

2.4 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

A. Mechanical Installation System

1. All installation material used for supporting and fixing mechanical pipe systems should be
of a Pre-engineered modern flexible type that gives a tested and reliable supporting
solution without the need for welding, drilling or subsequent galvanizing for corrosion
protection.
2. The system should provide for easy access and disassembly for future maintenance, and
shall be product of well known manufacturer such as SILKA or approved equal.
3. The Contractor should provide shop drawings and load calculations to verify the suitability
of the system for critical load applications as per the engineer’s requirement.
4. The system should consist of the following components:
a. C-channels should be used as the main item for supporting pipe and duct and runs and
structures. C-channel should be made in accordance with British Standards of width
41 mm, and height of channel shall be selected according to load calculation, made of
cold rolled steel strip of thickness 2.5 mm steel grade ST32-2 as per DIN 10025. The
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

steel is Sendzimir galvanized to a thickness of 20 microns. The channel in ward side

should include fine serrations that insure strong friction hold of the assemble nuts and
accessories. The channel inward side should be slotted for greater flexibility and
should include longitudinal swaging to increase rigidity and stiffness. Double channels
connected with tubular rivets shall be used where greater strength and stiffness is
required. Supporting distance and calculation of pipe loads for pipe nuts should be
verified by channel design in accordance with manufacturer recommendations.
C-channel accessories as recommended by the channel manufacturer should be used
b. for assembly of various channel structures as appropriate for the application. These
accessories include fixing nuts with serration, angles, brackets and pipe ring saddles.
Pipe Ring Clamps : Galvanized, pre-engineered pipe ring clamps should be used for
c. fixing all pipes to channel system or directly to the concrete structure. The contractor
should verify that the pipe supported weight does not exceed the recommended
maximum load of the clamp as provided by the manufacturer. The clamps should
consist of two half rings suitably connected with welded on connection nut for fixing
the clamp to the threaded rod. The rings for all piping systems should provided with a
pre-fitted rubber inlay with suitable temperature resistance characteristics for the
application.
For PVC installation requirement refer to section 15405.
Threaded Rods used should be manufactured as per DIN 976 of Steel Grade 4.6,
d. galvanized and used to support pipe duct ring clamps onto the C-channel or directly to
e. concrete anchors depending on the application. The threaded rods, nuts and flat
washers used should have a clean thread and flawless galvanized condition.

f. Concrete Anchors: Internally threaded Anchors used for fixing threaded rods and pipe
clamps should be made from galvanized steel, anchors should have a flared end for
accurate setting flush with the surface, and should have an intelligent expansion
selection that adapts to suit strength of the base material. Concrete stud anchors should
be used for fixing C-channels to the concrete suitable for through in-place fattening
with reliable fixing. All Concrete anchors used should be provided with full load
characteristics and used in accordance with manufacturer recommendations with
regards to application and setting details. Concrete Anchors should also be fire rated to
verify that they can withstand the required loads within the fire integrity limits of the
supporting building structure.
g. For riser pipes, Anchor Fixed Point Clamps should be used to support the weight of
the riser pipe . Fixed Point Clamps should be used in location as recommended by
supporting system manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.

B. Pipe Hangers, Upper Attachments

1. Individual or continuous preset concrete inserts.
2. Beam clamps and anchor bolts may be used for steel construction.
3. self-drilling expansion shells for 75 mm pipe and smaller may be used in existing
concrete structures. See special details for larger piping.
E. Hanger Rods
1. Galvanized solid steel, all thread rods, with lock nuts (10mm dia. Per pipe)
2. For trapez supports submit calculation for threaded hanger rod diameter with at least 8
times load factor.

C. Pipe Hangers, Lower Attachments

1. Lower attachments for individual runs of pipe shall be as follows, unless indicated
otherwise:
a. steel piping up to 125 mm: steel clevis;
b. steel piping 150 mm and larger, not subject to thermal expansion: steel clevis;
c. steel piping 150 mm and larger, subject to thermal expansion:
d. pipe roller support;
 Division 15
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SECTION 15060 - PIPES AND FITTINGS

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.1 RELATED WORK

A. Division 15 - Mechanical

1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. This section covers the general piping and fittings supply and installation required for the
works.

1.3 REFERENCES
A. Reference Standards
The latest edition of the following standards:
1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
a. ASTM A53B Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe for Ordinary Use, Specification for
Black and Hot Dipped Zinc Coated.

2. American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Standards as specified herein.

1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data
Descriptive literature for each of the actual proposed material to be used including:
1. Operating Pressure Ranges.
2. Pressure Losses.
3. Fluid Flows.
4. Test Reports.
5. Certificates of approval.
B. Shop Drawings
Shop drawings for each of the proposed systems shall includes following:
1. Working or manufacturing drawings.
2. Calculations.
3. Installations details
4. Connections to other services.
5. Accessories available indicating those included.
6. System diagrams.
1.5QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Submit welder certificated signed by the Contractor certifying that welders comply with the
technical requirements.
1.6WORK INCLUDED ELSEWHERE
A. Soil, Waste, and Roof Drainage Piping Systems.
B. Sections related to External Site Utilities.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.1PIPES
A. Service Schedule
ServicePiping Class

- Domestic cold water supply underground outside the building. Multilayer

- Domestic cold water supply inside the building. GSP

- Domestic hot water supply and return inside the building. GSP
Service Piping Class
- Fire Protection water supply pipes. BSP
- Drainage and vent pipes above ground UPVC
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- Sanitary sewer under building structure UPVC

- Sanitary sewer under ground and outside building. UPVC
- Sanitary sewer under Roads. UPVC
- Storm drain above ground UPVC
- Storm drain under building structure UPVC
- Laboratory waste Piping HDPE
- Laboratory under bench waste piping HDPE
- Gas BSP
- Fuel Oil BSP
- Drainage pipe from CSSD, Laundry UPVC
- Chilled Water BSP
- A/C Condensate drain PPVC
- Refrigerant CUP type 3
- Medical gas CUP type 2
- Vacuum & Medical Compressed air CUP type 2

B. Sizes
1. Unless otherwise specified steel pipe work of 65 mm nominal bore and over shall be
welded joints, while 50 mm nominal bore and below the pipe work shall be screwed joints.

2.2 PIPING MATERIALS

A. UPVC Pressure Piping

1. Pipe work:
a. The pipe work and fittings shall be U.P.V.C. in accordance with EN 1452, suitable for
pressure pipes (10 bars).
b. Fittings shall be in accordance with EN 1452.
c. The pipe work and fittings shall be installed strictly in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations, copies, of technical instructions on the laying of
U.P.V.C. pipe work shall be obtained from the manufacturer’s Technical Service
Department before work proceeds.
d. When jointing pipe work the spigot and socket ends shall be supported clear of the
ground to prevent dirt deposits on the joint, solvent or lubricant. Only solvent and
lubricant made by the manufacturer of the pipe shall be used.
e. When making flanged joints the correct flanges and seal rings shall be used with seal
gasket set square between mating flange and all bolts secured evenly.
f. Where solvent joints are used a mechanical joint incorporating a seal ring shall be
incorporated where necessary to allow for thermal movement.
g. Test pressure shall be applied to the system after a period of not less than 24 hours.
h. Where joints are to be made between dissimilar materials a proper purpose made
flanged adapter shall be used.
i. No attempt shall be made to alter or manufacture U.P.V.C. fillings on site.
j. All underground UPVC pipes shall be encased with reinforced concrete 150mm thick.
k. All exposed UPVC pipes in false ceiling areas should be acoustic type.

2. Mechanical Joints:
a. When making a mechanical joint a check shall be made to ensure that the depth of
entry mark is indicated on every spigot before insertion into the socket, so that the
spigot enters the socket within 13/25 mm of the socket.
b. The spigot end of the pipe shall be chamfered to half the wall thickness and made with
suitable hand tools provided by the manufacturer.
c. When making a mechanical joint care shall be taken ensure that the seal ring is not
misplaced.
d. Due allowance shall be made for the control of thermal movement.
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

e. Solvent Joints:
f. When making a solvent joint the spigot and sockets shall be wiped clean and
thoroughly degreased with cleaner to remove oil, grease, etc, after which the spigot
and socket shall have solvent adhesive applied.
g. The sockets and spigots shall be assembled as quickly as possible after applying the
adhesive and within forty seconds after which it shall be held together for up to five
minutes.
h. Special care shall be taken to prevent dirt and rubbish entering the open ends of pipes
during erection. Wrought iron screwed caps or plugs, or plastic covers only shall be
used. Wood, rag or paper plugs shall not be used. Failure to comply with this
instruction shall mean that the Engineer shall have the right to order the pipe work to
be dismantled for as far as considered necessary and the pipe work to be cleaned
internally. Such work shall be carried out by the Contractor and all cost shall be borne
by the Contractor.
i. The Contractor is reminded that the valve fitted to the open end of disconnected pipes
is not considered satisfactory to prevent the entry of rubbish. The open end shall be
capped, plugged or crimped.

B. Polypropylene pipes (PPR)

1. PPR pipes shall be high density, rigid type, working at 6 bars pressure at 90° C, according
to DIN 16892/93.
2. Pipes shall be welded by an approved special electric welding process.
3. All tees, branches, reducers, shall be welded in the same manner of pipes.
4. PPR are allowed to be used for heating and domestic cold and hot water pipes, inside
apartments, under tiles and inside walls.
5. Approved manufacturer: Coestherm or approved equal.

C. High density polyethylene pipes (HDPE)

1. HDPE pipe (high density polyethylene pipe), should be without any lubrificant and
conform to French norm NFT 54072 (polyethylene 5).
2. HDPE pipe should be specified by a blue sign for potable water network (public water), in
order to be sure of the quality of the water (without odors). The storage of HDPE pipe
shouldn’t be in an exposed area to the sun and high temperature.
3. The thermo fusion should be executed by mirror or electrical collars.
4. Approved manufacturer: Future Pipe or approved equal.

D. Multi-Layer Pipes

1. Multi-layer pipes shall be of the longitudinally lap-welded aluminum with the inner and
outer layers made of cross-linked polyethylene tightly bonded the aluminum by means of
adhesives.
2. Multi-layer composite pipe shall be approved by DVGW for potable water.
3. Multi-layer pipes are allowed to be used for domestic cold & hot water supply 3
application and for potable water.
4. Multilayer pipe shall be similar to unipipe or approved equal.
5. Multi-layer pipes shall be of the diffusion type 5 layers composite pipes, with a
longitudinally overlapped welded aluminum with the inner and outer layers made of cross-
linked polyethylene tightly bonded to the aluminum by means of adhesives:
6. Permanent load up to : max. 95 ºC/10 bars
7. Peak load : max. 110 ºC/10 bars
8. Pipe roughness : 0.0004 mm
9. Thermal conductivity : 0.40 w (mk)
10. Thermal expansion coefficient : 25 x 10-6 m/mk
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

11. All fittings shall be nickel-plated brass type pipes and pipe fittings shall be to Din 1988.
Fittings shall be manufactured by the same pipe manufacturer.
E. Copper Pipes (CUP) Type 2

CUP shall be to BS 2871 Part 1 table X or table Y Copper Water Tube.

Table X tubes shall be used within the building and Table Y tubes for underground
installation.
Cup shall be suitable for jointing with compression fitting joints.
Fittings shall be to BS 864 Part 2 - type A brass.
CUP are allowed to be used for Medical gas piping and/or as specifically mentioned in the
schedule of pipe materials.
All copper tubes shall be marked with the manufacturer's name or trade mark and tube type, at
intervals not to exceed 500mm.
All fittings shall be marked in accordance with the applicable standard and must be marked
with the manufacturer's name or trade mark.

F. Copper Pipes (CUP) Type 3

Copper pipes shall be of the seamless hard drawn tubing type K or L to ASTM B88. Tubing,
to be used, shall have been cleaned by the manufacturer and the open ends capped to preserve
cleanliness.
Cup shall be designed, constructed and installed in compliance with ASA B9.1 and ASA
B35.5 (safety code for Mechanical Refrigeration).
CUP shall be suitable for solder jointing with forged or wrought copper fittings.
Cast fittings should not be used because they might be porous and allow the refrigerant to leak.
Surfaces to be soldered shall be cleaned bright. The joints shall be given a thin coating of
approved soldering flux and the tubing end inserted into the fitting as far as possible.
Heating and finishing of the joint shall be done in accordance with the recommendations of
the manufacturer of the fittings. During the heating, the pipe and fittings must be kept full of
an inert gas N or CO2 to prevent formation of scale.
The solder metal to be used shall be a non-ferrous metal or alloy having a melting point
◌ْ ◌ْ below 800◌ F (427◌C) and below that of the metal being joined, an accepted solder is Sil-
Fos to make copper to copper joints.
When solenoid valves are being installed, the coil should be removed, and no heat shall be
applied near the bulb of the expansion valve.
CUP are allowed to be used to carry refrigerants 12, 22, and 500 only and/or as specifically
mentioned in the schedule of pipe materials.
G. Galvanized Steel Piping
1. Welded and seamless galvanized steel pipes shall be schedule 40 to ASTM A53 grade B.
Pipes shall be cold drawn for sizes up to 50mm diameter and hot drawn for larger sizes.
Hot drawn pipes to have wall thickness along the total length of the pipe.
2. All fittings elbows, tees, unions, etc. to be of same quality and weight of pipe, as specified
below.
3. All pipes to be identified by logo, size, thickness, material and heat number.
4. Pipe wall thickness and weight should be as follows:

Pipe size (inch) Pipe size (mm) Wall thickness (mm) Weight per m
(1/2) 16 2.77 1.27
(3/4) 20 2.87 1.69
(1) 25 3.38 2.50
(11/4) 32 3.56 3.39
(11/2) 40 3.68 4.05
(2) 50 3.91 5.44
(21/2) 65 5.16 8.63
(3) 80 5.49 11.3
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

(4) 110 6.02 16.07

(5) 125 6.55 21.77
(6) 160 7.11 28.26
(8) 200 8.18 42.55
(10) 250 9.27 60.30

H. Black Steel Piping

1. Black steel pipes shall be seamless schedule 40 to ASTM A106 grade B

2. Fittings shall be threaded up to 2” (50mm) diameter and welded for 2 1/2” (65mm)
diameter and above. Pipes shall be cold drawn for sizes up to 50mm diameter and hot
drawn for larger sizes. Hot drawn pipes to have wall thickness along the total length of the
pipe.
3. All fittings elbows, tees, unions, etc. to be of same quality and weight of pipe, as specified
below
4. End of pipes for 2” (50mm) shall be plain, straight cut and cupped ends. 2 112” (65mm)
diameter and above pipe shall have beveled ends.
5. All pipes to be identified by logo, size, thickness, material and heat number.

I. Galvanized & Black Steel Fittings

1. Pipe Fittings, welded

a. Black steel fittings from 2 1/2 " (65mm) and larger to be steel butt-welded fittings,
material ASTM A234 grade WPB, ANSI B16.9 beveled ends.
b. Recommended content of impurities: S=15 to 20/1000 P=15 to 20/1000
c. Logo, material, thickness and heat number must be hot stamped on each piece of
fittings.
d. All pieces of fittings to be coated with anti-rust paint.

2. Pipe Fittings, Black malleable iron

a. Black malleable iron fittings conform to: 6681 GR B30.O6 or ASTM A197
b. Black malleable iron fittings up to 2” (50mm) to be screwed conform to BS 143
having taper external threads and taper internal jointing threads conform to BS2I
filling to have a full clear bore and high factor of safety over stated working pressures.
c. All female outlets to have banded reinforcement.
d. All unions to have preferably spherical seat.

e. Each piece of malleable iron filling has to be factory tested either by pressure or
hydrostatically.

3. Pipe iron malleable iron galvanized

a. Same as black malleable iron fittings but hot-drip Zinc coated.
b. Coating conforms to BS 729 and ASTM 153 minimum coating 600g1m2.
c. Galvanized fittings to be used up to 6”.
4. Steel flanges
a. Black forged steel flanges to conform to ASTM A105.
b. Type of flange slip-on (S/O), spirally grooved to match gasket flanges to be fully
machined after normalizing heat treatment.
c. Flanges to be drilled according to the matching equipment or valves:
S/0, PNIO as per BS 4504 TABLE 10/5
S/0, PNI6 as per BS 4504 TABLE 16/5
Screwed bars, PNI6 as per BS 4504 TABLE 16/4
Blind, PNI6 as per BS 4504 TABLE 16/8C
S/O, ASA 150, ANSI B16.5, RF.
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

d. Screwed bars, PN16 as per BS4504 TABLE 16/4 hot-drip galvanized or galvanized
plating.
5. Gaskets
a. Casketing materials to be non asbestos to ANSO B16.21 dimensions to match
corresponding flanges as per equipment and valves scope.
b. Gasket to be cut from compressed sheet jointing, thickness of sheets 1.6 to 2.5 mm
depending from sizes.

6. Stud Bolts, Bolts and Nuts

a. Alloy Carbon steel stud blot and nuts of size below 7/5"(22mm) shall be hot forged
according to ASTM A193 GRB7, from size 7/8 and above, cold forged according to
ASTM A194 GR2H.

J. Cast Iron Pipes (CIP)

1. Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings.

a. The systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with BS 5572, BS 8301 and
the relevant sections of the building regulations.
b. Soil, vent and rainwater pipe work of nominal diameters, 50mm to 300mm shall be
installed using light weight cast iron socketless soil and fittings conforming to a
British Board Argrément Certificate and meet with pr EN877
c. pipes shall be coated as follows :

Above ground soil, vent and rainwater pipe work (inclusive of products embedded in
concrete)

Pipes Externally - One coat of red water based paint. Giving an average thickness of
40 microns.

Pipes Internally - A black epoxy tar lining, a minimum thickness of 120 microns. This
comprises two solvent based components of epoxy resin and tar pitch to give internal
protection and anti-corrosive features.

Fittings shall be protected internally and externally with a single coat of red powder
epoxy resin electro statically applied. This gives an average thickness of 70 microns
with a minimum thickness of 40 microns.

Couplings / Brackets (Ductile Iron) Protected with a red based semi-gloss paint,
average thickness of 40 microns.

Below ground – drain pipe work

Pipes Externally - One coat of red water based paint. Giving an average thickness of
40 microns.

Pipes Internally - A black epoxy tar lining, a minimum thickness of 120 microns. This
comprises two solvent based components of epoxy resin and tar pitch to give internal
protection and anti-corrosive features.

Fittings shall be protected internally and externally with a single coat of red powder
epoxy resin electro statically applied. This gives an average thickness of 70 microns
with a minimum thickness of 40 microns.

Couplings / Brackets All stainless steel (or ductile iron protected with a red based
semi-gloss paint, average thickness of 40 microns).
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

Additional anti-corrosive wrapping will be required with either

Polyethylene sleeving in accordance with ISO 8180 or
Adhesive tapes, e.g. “long Maflowrap”, or “Densotape”, or similar. *

(Or optional all stainless steel couplings)

Where pipes are cut on site, ends shall be cut clean and square with burrs removed. All
cut ends shall be made good/re-coated strictly in accordance with manufacturers'
recommendations.

All pipes and fittings shall be jointed by means of all stainless steel couplings,
including set screws and nuts, or optional ductile iron couplings. The couplings shall
incorporate a synthetic EPDM rubber gasket as standard or Nitrite to special order.
Earth continuity shall be provided for.

Joints to cast iron drain and to other materials shall be made using standard couplings
or step couplings as described in clause (e), or traditional joint connectors.

2.3 PIPE FITTINGS AND SPECIALTIES

A. General
1. Refer to individual piping system sections for required pipe fillings and specialties not
covered herein.
2. Pipes shall be joined via the Victual grooved coupling style.
3. All ground components shall be of one manufacturer and conform to local code approval
and/or as listed by ANSI-B-31.1, B-31.3, B-31.9.

B. Elbows, Tees, Reducers

1. These fittings shall comply with ASTM and ANSI B16 as described in relevant sections of
specifications. The wall thickness shall at least be as specified for the straight pipes.
2. All fittings shall be factory made.
3. Unless otherwise stated, elbows shall be long radius bends with a radius of 1.5 times the
nominal size, and shall be smooth and not made of welded segments.
4. Tees up to and including an outside diameter of 323.9mm shall be of the pressed type.

5. Unless otherwise specified, reducers shall be made with a length L = 3 (D-d), where L is
the construction length, D the outer diameter of the large end and d that of the small end.
Unless otherwise stated, the wall thickness of a reducer shall be the same as that of the
adjacent large straight pipe.

C. Carbon Steel Pipes Couplings & Fittings

1. Pipe Jointing Method: Pipes shall be joined via the Victual grooved coupling Style 07
Zero Flex Rigid coupling with Angle Pad Design. Victual Style 77 or 75 shall be used
where system flexibility is required, at pumps and mechanical equipment to reduce
vibration, noise and to accommodate for thermal expansion and contraction. All couplings
shall be cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-395, Grade 65-45-15 or malleable
iron conforming to ASTM A-47 Grade 32510. Housings shall be red or orange enamel
coated or hot dip galvanized.
2. Gaskets: Shall be Grade “E” EPDM compound (green color-coded) conforming to ASTM
D-2000, UL listed classified to ANSI/NSF 61 for water supply systems. All gaskets shall
be selected as per manufacturer’s recommendation according to service application.
Gaskets must be manufactured by the same source for couplings and fittings to secure
compatibility.
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

3. Grooved Fittings and Coating: Shall be Victual fittings cast of ductile iron conforming to
ASTM A-395, Grade 65-45-15 with grooved ends, malleable iron conforming to ASTM
A-47 Grade 32510, forged steel to ASTM A-234. Fittings shall be alkynde enamel
painted; hot dip galvanized to ASTM A-153.
4. Branch Outlets - Hole Cut Pipe: Hole cut branch outlets shall be Victual style 920, 920N
Mechanical T branch connections with locating collar emerging into the hole. Gaskets
shall be Grade E standard pressure responsive gasket.
5. Flange Adapter: Vic-Flange® Adapter Style 741 2"-24" (DN50-DN600), for connection to
ANSI class 125/150 flanged components. Cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-
536, Grade 65-45-12. Vic-Flange® Adapter Style 743 2"-12" (DN50-DN300), for
connection to ANSI class 250/300 flanged components. Cast of ductile iron conforming to
ASTM A-536, Grade 65-45-12.

D. Fire Fighting Couplings & Fittings

1. Pipe Jointing Method: Pipes shall be joined via the Victaulic grooved Style 005 Rigid
Firelock Coupling with Angle Pad Design for pressures up to 300psi. Style 07 Zero Flex
Design shall be used for pressure ratings above 300psi. Victaulic Style 77 or 75 shall be
used where system flexibility is required, at pumps and mechanical equipment to reduce
vibration and noise. All couplings shall be cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-
395, Grade 65-45-15 or malleable iron conforming to ASTM A-47 Grade 32510. Housings
shall be red or orange enamel coated or hot dip galvanized.
2. Gaskets: Shall be Grade “E” EPDM Type ‘A’ compound (violet color coded) conforming
to ASTM D-2000, UL listed classified to ANSI/NSF 61 for water supply systems and
Flush Seal gaskets for dry service. All gaskets shall be selected as per manufacturer’s
recommendation according to service application. Gaskets must be manufactured by the
same source for couplings and fittings to secure compatibility.
3. Grooved Fittings and Coating: Shall be cast of ductile iron conforming to ASTM A-395,
Grade 65-45-15 or ASTM A-563, Grade 65-45-12 with grooved ends for direct connection
into the grooved piping system. Fittings shall be orange or red enamel coated or hot dip
galvanized.

4. Branch Outlets - Hole Cut Pipe: Hole cut branch outlets shall be Victaulic style 920,
920N, or 922 sprinkler T and branch connections with locating collar emerging into the
hole. Gaskets shall be Grade E standard pressure responsive gasket. Branches shall have a
machine cut hole at a predetermined position, on the centerline of the pipe, of a size to
receive the housing collar, in accordance with Victaulic specifications using Victaulic
Hole Cut Machines.

2.4 HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

A. Mechanical Installation System

1. All installation material used for supporting and fixing mechanical pipe systems should be
of a Pre-engineered modern flexible type that gives a tested and reliable supporting
solution without the need for welding, drilling or subsequent galvanizing for corrosion
protection.
2. The system should provide for easy access and disassembly for future maintenance, and
shall be product of well known manufacturer such as SILKA or approved equal.
3. The Contractor should provide shop drawings and load calculations to verify the suitability
of the system for critical load applications as per the engineer’s requirement.
4. The system should consist of the following components:
a. C-channels should be used as the main item for supporting pipe and duct and runs and
structures. C-channel should be made in accordance with British Standards of width
41 mm, and height of channel shall be selected according to load calculation, made of
cold rolled steel strip of thickness 2.5 mm steel grade ST32-2 as per DIN 10025. The
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

steel is Sendzimir galvanized to a thickness of 20 microns. The channel in ward side

should include fine serrations that insure strong friction hold of the assemble nuts and
accessories. The channel inward side should be slotted for greater flexibility and
should include longitudinal swaging to increase rigidity and stiffness. Double channels
connected with tubular rivets shall be used where greater strength and stiffness is
required. Supporting distance and calculation of pipe loads for pipe nuts should be
verified by channel design in accordance with manufacturer recommendations.
C-channel accessories as recommended by the channel manufacturer should be used
b. for assembly of various channel structures as appropriate for the application. These
accessories include fixing nuts with serration, angles, brackets and pipe ring saddles.
Pipe Ring Clamps : Galvanized, pre-engineered pipe ring clamps should be used for
c. fixing all pipes to channel system or directly to the concrete structure. The contractor
should verify that the pipe supported weight does not exceed the recommended
maximum load of the clamp as provided by the manufacturer. The clamps should
consist of two half rings suitably connected with welded on connection nut for fixing
the clamp to the threaded rod. The rings for all piping systems should provided with a
pre-fitted rubber inlay with suitable temperature resistance characteristics for the
application.
For PVC installation requirement refer to section 15405.
Threaded Rods used should be manufactured as per DIN 976 of Steel Grade 4.6,
d. galvanized and used to support pipe duct ring clamps onto the C-channel or directly to
e. concrete anchors depending on the application. The threaded rods, nuts and flat
washers used should have a clean thread and flawless galvanized condition.

f. Concrete Anchors: Internally threaded Anchors used for fixing threaded rods and pipe
clamps should be made from galvanized steel, anchors should have a flared end for
accurate setting flush with the surface, and should have an intelligent expansion
selection that adapts to suit strength of the base material. Concrete stud anchors should
be used for fixing C-channels to the concrete suitable for through in-place fattening
with reliable fixing. All Concrete anchors used should be provided with full load
characteristics and used in accordance with manufacturer recommendations with
regards to application and setting details. Concrete Anchors should also be fire rated to
verify that they can withstand the required loads within the fire integrity limits of the
supporting building structure.
g. For riser pipes, Anchor Fixed Point Clamps should be used to support the weight of
the riser pipe . Fixed Point Clamps should be used in location as recommended by
supporting system manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.

B. Pipe Hangers, Upper Attachments

1. Individual or continuous preset concrete inserts.
2. Beam clamps and anchor bolts may be used for steel construction.
3. self-drilling expansion shells for 75 mm pipe and smaller may be used in existing
concrete structures. See special details for larger piping.
E. Hanger Rods
1. Galvanized solid steel, all thread rods, with lock nuts (10mm dia. Per pipe)
2. For trapez supports submit calculation for threaded hanger rod diameter with at least 8
times load factor.

C. Pipe Hangers, Lower Attachments

1. Lower attachments for individual runs of pipe shall be as follows, unless indicated
otherwise:
a. steel piping up to 125 mm: steel clevis;
b. steel piping 150 mm and larger, not subject to thermal expansion: steel clevis;
c. steel piping 150 mm and larger, subject to thermal expansion:
d. pipe roller support;
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

e. copper tubing, all sizes: copper-plated steel clevis, except where hanger is
installed around the outside of insulation, not in contact with pipe, where steel
clevis hangers may be used;
f. cast iron pipe, all sizes: steel clevis.

F. Vertical Pipe Supports

1. At intermediate floors use extension pipe clamps.
2. At top of risers, use hangers as specified above.
3. At base of risers, use stiff-leg pipe support immediately adjacent to elbow. For cast
iron soil or storm riser use solid concrete block.

G. Trapeze Hangers
1. Where numerous pipes are run in parallel to one another, they may be supported from
a trapeze type hanger arrangement. Rollers supports shall be used to support each run
of piping on trapeze hangers to permit independent movement of individual pipes.
2. Piping supports shall consist of channels, fittings, pipe brackets, pipe rollers, pipe
clamps, post bases, stud nuts, etc., as required to properly support and hang piping.

H. Stiff-legs or Stanchions
1. Stiff-legs or two-leg stanchion supports shall be provided in cases where support from
overhead structure is not possible. Pipe rollers shall be provided for pipe rigidly
supported from floor.

I. Alignment Guides
1. Guides to be constructed with steel base and T-bar with teflon or graphite plates
bounded to the steel components to allow minimum static friction and self-lubrication
for unlimited movement. Units shall be factory painted. Guide base shall be welded to
the pipe; like F & S "unislide", Elcen, or equal.

J. Flexible Ball Joints

1. units shall carbon steel construction, screwed, flanged, or welded connection as
required, suitable for temperatures of 274 degrees C and pressure of 8.3 MPa; provide
for 15 degrees angular flex and 360 degrees rotation.

K. Anti-Vibration Suspension Hangers

1. Combination type, shall have a double-deflection neoprene element in series with a
steel coil spring; deflection of 8 mm; steel coil spring shall be selected from a 25 mm
static deflection series with a minimum additional travel of 12 mm; spring diameter
shall be large enough to permit 15 degree angular misalignment of the rod connecting
the hanger to the upper attachment without rubbing the hanger box.

L. Spacing of Pipe Supports

1. Spacing Support Schedule:
a. The maximum spacing for pipe supports shall be as follows:

NOMINALHORIZONTAL (m) VERTICAL (m)

BORE mm STEEL COPPER UPVC STEEL COPPER UPVC
CPVC CPVC
10-12-1.0- -1.2-
151.81.20.8 2.51.80.8
20-322.41.80.8 2.52.41.0
40-502.42.41.0 2.52.51.5
65-802.52.51.2 2.52.51.7

BOYADJIAN Masterspecs - Project: UNDP Social and Local Development - 15060 - 10

 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

100 &2.52.51.22.52.51.7
above
b. Hangers and supports shall in no case be less than one (1) hanger per, 2.5m.

2. The spacing of pipe group supports shall be based on the smallest nominal bore pipe
using the hanger, in accordance with the spacing support schedule above.
Alternatively intermediate supports can be given to a particular pipe, if conditions
permit.

2.5 PASSIVE FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM

A. All openings through fire rated walls, ceilings and floors due to penetrations of mechanical
installations as well as those due to construction joints, should be sealed with fire rated
products suitable for the specific application as specified hereunder. All material selected shall
be UL listed.

B. The product shall be capable of stopping the passage of fire, air and water through wall, floor
and ceiling penetrating, cladding and expansion joints. The product shall exhibit the minimum
designed fire resistant properties.

C. The products shall be obtained from an approved, established and proven firm and qualities
shall be applied strictly in accordance with the written instructions of the manufacturer and to
the approval of the Engineer.

D. The recommended treatments for various applications shall be as follows:

1. Metal pipe and duct crossings: the annular space around the pipe shall be packed with UL
listed fire rated from backing material and the ends shall be filled and sealed with fire
rated Elastic sealant according to manufacturer data. The size of the circular opening shall
be maintained as the barest minimum as recommended by the mastic manufacturer.
2. Non-metal pipe and conduit crossings less than 50 mm in diameter : The annular space
around the pipe shall be packed with fire rated foam as backing material. The ends should
then be filled and sealed with intumescent, graphite based, fire rated mastic with
expansion pressure of minimum 6 bar. The circular opening shall be maintained strictly as
the barest minimum recommended by the mastic manufacturer. For pipes/conduits more
than 50mm in diameter, the pipe/conduit shall be wrapped with a fire rated, intumescent,
graphite, based, fire rated wrap and applied strictly according to the manufacturer
specifications, all UL Listed.

2.6 PIPE SLEEVES

A. General
1. Sleeves for all pipes passing through floors, walls, partitions, (except where floors and
walls are a part of fire-rated assembly) concrete beams, girders, and any other building
construction shall be provided in types as described below, and of adequate diameter to
allow minimum of 19mm clearance all around between sleeve and pipe. When pipe is
insulated, insulation shall pass continuously through sleeve with 19 mm clearance between
insulation and sleeve.
2. Pipes passing through fire-rated walls, partitions, or floor shall be sealed, smoke-tight,
with a fire proof compound. Insulation shall not pass through the sleeve as specified
above. Fill inner space with Rockwool insulation with fire rated compound up to the rating
of the wall.
3. Allow 50 mm of steel sleeve above F.F.L, and flush with walls.

B. Pipe Sleeves Material

1. Galvanized Schedule 40 steel pipe when installed in:
a. Concrete or masonry walls and concrete bases.
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

b. Beams with poured concrete fireproofing.

c. Concrete floors and mechanical equipment room floors.
d. Concrete floors with metal under deck (tack weld to deck).
2. 18-Gage Galvanized steel when installed in:
a. Plaster or dry wall.
b. Air plenums.

2.7 FLASHING

A. Steel Flashing: 26 gauge (0.50) galvanized steel.

B. Lead Flashing: 24.5 kg/m2 (5lb/sq.ft.) sheet lead for waterproofing, 5kg/m2 (1 lb/sq.ft.) sheet
lead to sound proofing.

C. Safes: 24.5 kg/m2 (5lb/sq.ft.) sheet lead or 0.20 mm (8mil) thick neoprene.

D. Caps: Steel, 22 gauge (0.80 mm) minimum, 16 gauge (1.50 mm) at fire resistance structures.

2.8 SEALANTS

A. Sealant for Pipe Sleeves

1. All sealants materials shall be a single compounds, primerless, non- sagging type in
neutral color.
2. Polysulfide: one part, gun grade.
3. Acrylic Latex: one part, gun grade, paintable, with a temperature range from -17 to +82
degrees C.
4. Butyl: one part, gun grade, suitable for both horizontal and vertical joints.
5. Fire rating compound similar to wall rating and as described under paragraph 2.05 of this
section.

2.9 COMPENSATORS

A. General
1. All compensators shall be selected for the function it is to perform and the suitability for
the fluid type; pressure and temperature to be conveyed.
2. The compensator shall be the same size bore as the pipework it shall be connected to, and
shall have flanged connections for ease of maintenance.
B. Compensators
1. The compensator shall absorb movement under strict guiding in an axial direction only.
No side thrusts can be permitted.
2. The stainless steel convolutions of the number required to accommodate the determined
movement shall be protected internally and externally by a heavy mild steel sleeve for
physical protection against damage.
3. The compensator shall be capable of a working pressure of 2.5 MPa and a temperature
range of -15 to 4000c.
4. Large expansion compensators capable of up to 200mm shall be considered to keep the
number of compensators to a minimum.
5. It shall be suitable for LPHW, chilled water, HWS in long straight runs such as crawlways
and service tunnels.

2.10 THERMAL EXPANSION FIXED POINT SYSTEM

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PIPES AND FITTINGS

A. Where metal pipes are subject to thermal expansion, particular attention should be given and
pipe runs should be studied and designed to compensate for the expansion forces and reduce
the stress on the pipes and supporting system.

B. The constructor should provide sufficient shop drawings and load calculations to verify the
suitability of the system for critical thermal applications run as per the engineers requirement.
Allowance for free thermal expansion distance at pipe bends should be marked.

C. The following components should be used to control thermal expansion:

1. Slide guides: Use side and Roll Connectors with integrated sliding components on all pipe
runs subject to high thermal movement. The guide should be used in accordance with
manufacturer load limits and movement limits. The slides should be resistant to operating
temperatures of the supported pipes.
2. Anchor fixed Point Pipe Clamps : Where necessary and according to the thermal study,
use fixed point for a flexible and reliable fixing system against axial thermal expansion
forces. The anchor points should be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer
recommendations and loading characteristics and in accordance with the calculated
expansion forces provided by the thermal study.
3. Expansion compensators : For critical application and if expansion movement cannot be
taken up by free movement of the pipe bends, expansion compensators or bellows of the
axial and/or angular type should be used in conjunction with the fixed anchor points and in
accordance with the thermal study. Expansion compensators should be used in accordance
with manufacturer recommendations.

2.11 ACCESSORIES

A. Safety or Relief Valves

1. The relief valves shall be set to a maximum of 0.3 bar above the working pressure of the
line in which they are fitted or as indicated on drawings. Safety and relief valves shall be
suitable for the operating condition of the system.
2. They shall be of the totally enclosed spring loaded type with padlock.
3. Safety valves and relief valves shall have a full bore discharge connection. Where any law
point occurs in the discharge run, it shall be fitted with a 22 mm size copper waste pipe
carried clear of the insulation for drainage. The discharge and waste pipes shall be run to
visible safe positions to be agreed..
4. Relief valves shall be ASME approved and labeled, size, capacity and setting as indicated.

B. Temperature and Pressure Test Pugs

1. Provide temperature and pressure test plugs as described in Section 15990.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PIPING INSTALLATIONS

A. General
1. Installation instructions contained in this Section pertain to most systems. For specific
requirements for installation of each system, refer to individual system specification
sections.

B. Piping Installation Generalities

1. Conceal all pipe installations in walls, pipe chases, utility spaces, above ceilings, etc.
unless other wise indicated. Under slab piping shall be kept to the absolute minimum.
2. Install all piping free of sags or bends and with ample space between piping to permit
proper installation.
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

3. Install piping at right angles or parallel to building walls. Diagonal or bent piping will not
be permitted.
4. Install piping tight to slabs, beams, joints etc. where possible and such that any removable
ceiling panels may be removed for access above ceilings.
5. Protect all piping from entrance of dirt or other foreign materials during the construction
period. At the completion of the project, all dirt and foreign matter in piping shall be
removed completely.
6. Piping passing through exterior building walls shall be caulked whether tight.
7. Provide drain lines from all relief valves and condensate pans and run drain line full size to
the nearest floor or equipment drain.
8. All water piping shall have draining points at all low points. For mains, risers and branch
lines there shall be at least a 20 mm drain valve with a threaded hose connection for other
points a15 mm drain valve and hose and hose connection shall be provided.
9. Water piping shall be securely anchored to insure proper direction of expansion and
contraction.
10. Expansion loops or expansion joints shall be provided as indicated and required, and shall
be cold sprung.
11. Verify existing grades, inverts, and topographic conditions prior to any trenching,
excavation, or installations.
12. Horizontal piping shall slope uniformly without sags or humps to provide for complete
drainage of systems and elimination of air.
13. Piping shall be cut accurately to measurements established at the site, worked into place
without springing or forcing, and shall clear all windows, doors and other openings.
14. Cutting or other weakening or building structure to facilitate piping installation is not
permitted, install to permit free expansion and contraction without damage.
15. Swing joints at runouts to equipment and risers. Provide expansion loops at all other points
for flexible piping systems.
16. Drain piping from pump glands, relief valves, condensate drain pan etc. to spell over open
sight drains, or other acceptable discharge points terminating drain line with plain end
(unthreaded) pipe.
17. Provide necessary temporary connections, valves, oversize flushing connections, pumps,
etc. as required to properly clean and test systems.
18. coordinate piping installations with ductwork, structure, lighting, electrical conduit and all
other materials and equipment.
19. use flexible pipe connectors for all inlet and discharge final connections to pumps (except
in line pumps) and other vibration producing equipment.

20. Provide flanges on all valves, apparatus, and equipment having 50 mm and larger
connections.
21. Reduction in pipe sizes except in drainage pipe, shall be made using eccentric reducer
couplings installed with the level side up on water piping and level side down on steam
and condensate piping.
22. Provide unions adjacent to each valve at the final connection to each piece of equipment of
plumbing fixture having 50 mm and smaller connections and where otherwise indicated.
23. Wherever wells are installed in piping for thermometers, pressure gages, probes, etc., pipe
size shall be increased by one pipe diameter to accommodate same.
24. Provide air chambers at the top of all hot and cold domestic risers, at the end of each water
header in utility spaces, at the end of each branch line, and at the top of all branches to
fixtures. Provide shock absorbers at each solenoid valve or piece of equipment that has a
quick closing type valve. Air chambers shall be a minimum of two pipe sizes larger than
the terminating pipe and shall be equipped with an accessible drain valve and air
recharging petcock or installed at least 600 mm above fixture to permit recharging by
draining air chamber.
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

25. Use fittings for all changes in direction and all branch connections and take - off from
mains. Changes in direction and branch connection in welded piping shall conform to
Section 15051 Welding.
26. Connect dissimilar piping material using dielectric unions or insulating flanges.

C. Hangers & Supports

1. Approved hangers and stiff leg supports shall be installed in quantity and size as required
to carry the weight of pipe, contents, and insulation and shall be arranged to prevent
vibration transmission to the building and allow for pipe movement.
2. Support on pipework requiring a vapor barrier shall be installed on the outside of the
insulation. Approved material shall be provided between the pipe and the support to give
adequate support and thermal isolation. The vapor barrier will cover the chock.
3. Hangers spacing shall be as per clause 2.04 K of this section.
4. Hangers shall be supplied with lock nuts in sufficient number and location to lock all rod
adjustments permanently at the adjusted height. Two lock nuts shall be used unless the nut
tightens against a threaded socket. Minimum rod diameters shall be as follows:

NOMINAL PIPE SIZE ROD DIAMETER

12 mm through 50mm 9 mm
60 mm and 75 mm 12 mm
100 mm and 125 mm 15 mm
150 mm 19 mm
200 mm through 250 mm 22 mm
300 mm 25 mm

5. Location of hangers shall be coordinated with light fixtures as shown on reflected plans.
Piping shall not be supported from ductwork, duct supports, or other piping. Hanger rods
shall not penetrate ductwork.
6. Provide all necessary supplementary steel for support and attachment of hangers, and pipe
, and duct supports in shafts and between building structural members.
7. Piping at pumps, tanks, etc., shall be supported independently so that pipe weight will not
be supported by equipment. Each piece of pipework system shall be supported so that no
stress shall be imposed on equipment connections or flexible joints to equipment.
8. Provide anchors, guides, and bracing as indicated to prevent lateral movement

9. Where an excessive number of fittings or accessories are installed between hangers,

provide additional hangers or adequate support.
10. Rods for trapeze hangers supporting several pipes shall be sized for the equivalent load.
11. Hangers rods shall be attached to structural members of the building.
12. Provide additional hangers or anchoring devices necessary for support of piping at corners,
tops of risers, etc.
13. Anchors shall consist of rigid members clamped or welded to the pipe to prevent pipe
movement at that point. Attach anchors to structural members of the building.

D. Joints
1. Any leaking joints shall be completely disassembled and remade with new materials.
2. Caulked joints in drainage piping shall be made using spun oakum to within 25 mm of hub
and the remaining space filled with poured pure pig lead and swigged.
3. Ends of all copper tubing and the interior of the cup of the fitting shall be thoroughly
cleaned and polished prior to the application of the flux and solder. The flux shall not be
used as a substitute for proper joint preparation.
4. All pipe shall be carefully reamed. Threaded pipe shall have full length clean cut threads.
 Division 15
PIPES AND FITTINGS

5. All sockets and pipe ends of PVC shall be cleaned and solvent cement applied for full
circumferential cover.
E. Pipework Expansion
1. The contractor shall supply and fix expansion devices, anchors and guides to adequately
allow for the expansion and contraction of the pipework. The minimum number
considered necessary are shown on the contract drawings.
2. Whenever possible, such as brunch take-offs, natural expansion shall be used with the
configuration of the pipework system.
3. Pipe work expansion shall be carefully controlled to prevent damage to the pipework
system, equipment, structure, etc.
4. Special consideration shall be given to LTHW and hot water services.
5. Cold water pipework generally where installed in the services building main services duct,
equipment rooms and other areas where relatively high ambient temperatures may occur ,
and where movement cannot be absorbed naturally, shall incorporate flanged joints of the
type which allow expansion, contraction and some measure of lateral movement. These
joints shall be a mechanical pipe coupling consisting of a center sleeve, and flanges wedge
shaped rubber sealing rings and nuts and bolts. The main components shall be constructed
from high quality malleable or cast iron for sizes up to 80 mm diameter and steel above
this size. All nuts and bolts shall be galvanized . Sealing rings shall be suitable for the
liquid type, temperature and pressure range. Sizes up to 345 mm diameter shall be
supplied preassembled. Larger sizes shall be supplied unfitted for ease of handling.
Coupling shall allow for a setting regularity of -‘- 6° up to 600 mm + 5°for 600 mm to 750
mm and 4° for 750 to 900 m. Each coupling shall allow for a repeated maximum pipe
movement of 9.5 mm and sufficient couplings shall be installed on this basis.
6. All expansion devices shall be suitable insulated to prevent accident to personnel, but does
not restrict the movement of the pipework
7. All expansion devices and natural expansion pipework systems shall be installed with 50
% cold draw of the total movement.
8. Anchor points shall be provided as shown on the drawings. The anchor shall be capable of
resisting the maximum stresses that be applied. The contractor shall ensure that the
structure, that the anchor is attached to, shall also be capable of withstanding the same
stresses.
9. The method of anchoring the pipework to a secured point shall be:
a. Mild Steel - Welding
b. Cast iron - Two wrought iron stirrups acting as clamps, bolted, with sufficient thread
for tightening, to a secured cast iron chair
c. Copper - A wide copper strap, undersized to give sufficient grip, when bolted together
around the pipe shall be attracted to the secured point.
10. Care shall be taken when installing and positioning guides to ensure that the amount of
free play in the pipeline is kept to an absolute minimum and that the resulting thrust of
expansion is taken up in the designed manner. Means for lubrication shall be provided
where necessary, inforced PTFE in order to allow reduced frictional resistance to
movement. Guides and skid supports shall be provided in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations and shall form part of the submission.

3.2 VIBRATION CONTROL

A. General
1. All vibrating equipment connected to the pipework system shall be isolated to eliminate
transmission of noise and vibration.

B. Noise Criteria
1. Each piece of mechanical equipment selected shall be evaluated for quietness. Particular
care shall be taken to evaluate acoustical performance as well as mechanical function.
Sound pressure level within spaces shall not exceed the NC curves indicated.
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PIPES AND FITTINGS

C. Piping Insulations
1. All piping 63 mm and larger specified with vibration isolation shall have anti - vibration
hangers . Static deflections as follows:
a. First three hangers away from any spring isolated piece of equipment shall have
hangers with same static deflection as equipment isolators.
b. All others shall have 25 mm static deflection.
2. All piping 50 mm and smaller shall have isolators as follows:
a. First three hangers away from any spring isolated piece of equipment shall have
hangers with same static deflection as equipment isolators.
b. For insulated piping outside equipment rooms isolators are not required.
c. Install temporary anchors as required to permit readjustment of springs in risers and to
fix direction of pipe movement and final operating deflection of springs
d. Provide permanent limit stops to prevent excessive vertical motion in risers in event
system is drained and to prevent excessive lateral motion.

3.3 ACCESSIBILITY

A. Locate all equipment that must be serviced, or maintained, in fully accessible positions. Minor
deviations from the drawings may be allowed for better accessibility at written approval.

B. Allow ample space for removal of parts that may require replacement or service in the future.

C. Extend all grease fittings to an accessible location.

3.4 MECHANICAL CUTTING AND PATCHING

A. Contractor shall be responsible for all culling, fitting, or patching of his work which may be
required to make its several parts come together properly and fit it to receive, or be received,
by work of other trades. Cutting of structural members shall not be done without written
approval.

B. Any cost caused by defective or ill-timed work shall be borne by the contractor, as determined
by the Engineer. Contractor shall not endanger any work, persons, or construction by cuffing,
digging or otherwise.

C. Place sleeves through all walls , floors, and ceilings during the initial construction where it is
necessary for piping to go through. When this is not done, do all cutting and patching required
for the installation of the work. Any damage caused to the building by this cutting and
patching, shall be corrected at no additional cost.

D. Patching of all openings for new installations and all openings resulting from the removal or
relocation of any installations shall be done by craftsmen skilled in the particular trade
effected, with materials of like type adjoining openings.

END OF SECTION 15060