CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Disclaimer: This test and mark scheme have been written by the authors.

End-of-year test
Questions
Biology
1 The diagram shows a side view of the human skeleton.

a On the diagram, use a label line and the letter H to identify a hinge joint. [1]
b On the diagram, use a label line and the letter B to identify a ball-and-socket joint. [1]
c Two muscles work together to move the bones at a hinge joint.
What is the term used to describe these two muscles? [1]

_______________________________________________________________________________
Anagonistic muscles

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

2 The list shows the nutrients in a balanced diet.

protein carbohydrates fats

water minerals vitamins

a Which two nutrients in the list are used as a store of energy in animals? [1]
protein, fats
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b Which nutrient is needed to make strong muscles, and for growth? [1]

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protein
c Name one vitamin and describe its function. [1]

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3 Arun did an experiment to compare the rate of respiration in woodlice and in maggots (small
invertebrate animals). The diagram shows how he set up his experiment.

a Name the gas that limewater tests for. [1]

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b Suggest why Arun used four test tubes in his experiment, rather than two. [1]

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c Describe two variables that Arun needed to keep the same in his experiment. [1]

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

d Arun measured the time taken for the limewater to go cloudy in each tube.
These are his results.
A 6 minutes
B 6½ minutes
C 8½ minutes
D 9 minutes
Complete the results table, to show Arun's results. [1]

Animals Tube Time taken for limewater to go cloudy in _______________

maggots A

woodlice C

e Write a conclusion that Arun can make from his results. [1]

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
4 Complete the sentences.
Use words from the list. You can use each word once, more than once or not at all.

beginning bioaccumulation end habitats respiration spaces

An ecosystem in a lake is made up of many different organisms and their environment interacting with
habitat
one another. The ecosystem contains many different _______________________ where different

species can live.

The lake is sprayed with DDT to kill mosquito larvae. DDT does not break down in an organism's

body, and builds up over the organism’s lifetime. This is called _______________________. It is

very harmful to the organisms near the _______________________ of a food web, because they can

have very high concentrations of DDT in their bodies.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

Chemistry
5 Arun investigates exothermic and endothermic reactions. He carries out the following investigations
and records the temperature changes.
a Complete his results table. [3]

Chemicals Start End Temperature Endothermic or

used temperature temperature change in °C exothermic?
in °C in °C

sodium 18 15 −3
hydrogen-
carbonate
and citric
acid

hydrochloric 18 22 +4
acid and
magnesium

water and 18 13 endothermic

potassium
nitrate

b Write the word equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. [2]

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6 Complete the table about the reactivity of metals. [4]

Metal Reaction with cold water Reaction with dilute

hydrochloric acid

potassium violent reaction to form hydrogen

calcium bubbles and gives off hydrogen

magnesium no reaction

gold no reaction

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

7 a Sofia has two gold rings. One is marked 22 carat and the other is marked 18 carat.
What do the marks tell you about the purity of the gold? [1]

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b In chemical terms, is the clean water that comes out of the tap pure?
Explain your answer. [1]

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8 Complete the word equations.

a magnesium + _________________________
oxygen  magnesium oxide [1]
hydrochloric acid
b sodium + ________________________  sodium hydroxide + ________________________
chloride [1]

c zinc + sulfuric acid  ____________________________________ + __________________ [1]

d _________________ + nitric acid  magnesium _________________ + _________________ [1]

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

Physics
9 The diagram shows four forces, A–D, acting on a cyclist. The cyclist is moving forwards.

a The cyclist is moving at a constant speed.

Which forces are balanced? Write the letters. [2]

_____ is balanced with _____

_____ is balanced with _____

b Describe one change in the forces needed for the cyclist to go faster. [1]

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

10 Water in a river takes a time of 2 hours to flow for a distance of 6 km.

a Calculate the speed of the water in the river.
Show your working. [2]

_______________ km/h
b Draw a distance/time graph for the water on the grid below. [1]

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

11 The diagram shows a lever supported by a pivot. The lever is balanced.

Marcus has a 2 N weight and a 4 N weight.

Explain how Marcus can place these weights on the lever so that the lever will still be balanced. [2]

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
12 Sofia is blowing up a balloon.
As more air goes into the balloon, the pressure inside the balloon increases.
Explain why. [2]

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__________________________________________________________________________________

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13 a Which of these is found in galaxies? [1]
Tick (✓) one box.
stars only

stars and planets only

stars, planets and dust only

stars, planets, dust and gas

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 8: END-OF-YEAR TEST

b In 1917, a scientist called Einstein had a hypothesis that the universe may be getting bigger.
In 1929, a scientist called Hubble observed many galaxies. He discovered that these galaxies are
moving away from each other. He predicted that all galaxies are moving further apart.
More recently, a galaxy called M90 has been discovered moving toward the Milky Way galaxy.
Complete the sentences using the best words. [2]

The observation made by Hubble _______________ Einstein’s hypothesis.

The information about galaxy M90 _______________ Hubble’s prediction.

14 Zara makes an electromagnet from the equipment shown in the list:
• cells
• insulated wire
• iron nail
• switch
• ammeter
Zara wants to investigate how the current in an electromagnet affects the strength of
the electromagnet.
a Describe how Zara can change the current using this equipment. [1]

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
b Describe one safety precaution needed in this investigation. [1]

_______________________________________________________________________________

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