MATH8 Q4 REVIEWER

M1- Illustrating Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Inequalities in One Triangle
Angle-Side Relationship Theorem
If two angles of a triangle are not congruent, then the larger side is opposite the larger angle.
If two sides of a triangle are not congruent, then the larger angle is opposite the larger side.
Triangle Inequality Theorem
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the remaining

three conditions are satisfied: 𝑎 + 𝑏 > 𝑐; 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏; 𝑐 + 𝑏 > 𝑎.

side. Let a, b, and c be the lengths of a triangle. These lengths may only form a triangle if the

(a- c) < b < (a + c)

Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the
measure of either remote interior angle.
Inequalities in Two Triangles
Hinge Theorem or SAS Inequality
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the included angle
of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first
triangle is longer than the third side of the second.
Converse of Hinge Theorem or SSS Inequality Theorem
If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the third side of the
first triangle is longer than the third side of the second, then the included angle of the first triangle
is larger than the included angle of the second.

M2-Applying Theorems on Triangle Inequalities

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa)
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the longer side is
larger than the angle opposite the shorter side.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)
If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the larger angle is
longer than the side opposite the smaller angle.
Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either remote interior
angles.
Exterior Angle – an angle that forms a linear pair with one of the interior angles of a triangle.
Remote Interior Angle - an angle of a triangle that is not adjacent to a specified exterior angle.
Linear Pair Theorem – if two angles form a linear pair, then the two angles are supplementary and
adjacent.

M3-Proving Inequalities in a Triangle

Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss → Aa)
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the longer side is
larger than the angle opposite the second side.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss)
If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the larger angle is
longer than the side opposite the second angle.
Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1+S2 > S3)
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either remote interior
angle.

M4-Proving Properties of Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal

Parallel Postulates: If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one line
through the point that is parallel to the given line.
A transversal is a line that intersects two or more coplanar lines at two or more distinct points.
Parallel-Alternate Interior Angle Postulate
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of alternate interior angles are
congruent.
Parallel-Alternate Exterior Angle Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then any pair of alternate exterior angles are
congruent.
Parallel-Corresponding Angles Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are congruent.
Vertical Angle Theorem
Vertical angles are congruent.
Parallel-Interior Angle-Same Side Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the interior angles on the same side of the
transversal are supplementary.
Parallel-Exterior Angle-Same Side Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the exterior angles on the same side of the
transversal are supplementary.

M5-Determining the Conditions under which Lines and Segments are Parallel or Perpendicular
Parallel Postulate
Given a line and a point not on the given line, there is exactly one line through the given point
parallel to the given line.
Alternate Interior Angle-Parallel Postulate
If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of alternate interior angles are congruent, then the
lines are parallel.
Alternate Exterior Angles-Parallel Theorem
If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of alternate exterior angles are congruent, then the
lines are parallel.
Corresponding Angles-Parallel Theorem
If two lines are cut by a transversal and a pair of corresponding angles are congruent, then the
lines are parallel.
Interior Angles Same Side-Parallel Theorem
If two lines are cut by a transversal so that the interior angles on the same side of the transversal
are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
Perpendicular Same Line-Parallel Theorem
In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they are parallel to each other
The Three Parallel Lines Theorem
In a plane, if two lines are both parallel to a third line, then
they are parallel.
The Two Perpendicular Lines Theorem
The proofs of these theorems are left for you to prove in
activity found in What’s More. Theorems on Perpendicular
Lines
Perpendicular Lines are defined as two lines that intersect to form right angles. Line segments
and rays can also be perpendicular.
Theorem 1 If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then they form right angles.
A perpendicular bisector of a line segment is a line or a ray or another line segment that is
perpendicular to the line segment and intersects it at its midpoint.
Theorem 2 If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines containing their sides are
perpendicular.

A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. The symbol ▭ is used to indicate a quadrilateral. For
example, ▭PEAL, this is read as “Quadrilateral PEAL.”
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if:
 A pair of opposite sides are both parallel and congruent.
 Two pairs of opposite sides are congruent.
 Consecutive angles are supplementary.
 The diagonals bisect each other.
 Opposite angles are congruent.

M6-Illustrating an Experiment, Outcome, Sample Space and Event

Experiment is an activity involving chance that can have different results. It is a process that,
when performed, results in exactly one of many observations.
Outcomes are the results of experiments. If you are flipping a coin, head and tail are the possible
outcomes.
Sample Space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment and is denoted by S.
Sample Point is an individual outcome in the sample space. It is one of the possible outcomes.
Event is a set of some elements or outcomes of an experiment. It is a subset of a sample space.

M7-Counting Methods and Techniques in an Experiment

Tabular Method This method uses columns and rows where to enter all possible outcomes of an
experiment.
Tree Diagram It is a diagram used to show all the possible outcomes in a probability experiment.
Systematic Listing It is a method of determining the number of outcomes of an experiment by
enumerating or making a list of all possible outcomes.
Fundamental Counting Principle (Product Rule) If one event can occur in m ways, a second
event can occur in n ways, and a third event can occur in p ways, and so on, then the sequence of
events can occur in m x n x p x … ways. This is known as the product rule or rule of product.

M8-Finding the Probability of a Simple Event

Probability is the measure of likelihood or chance that an event will happen or occur. For
experiments where each outcome is equally likely to occur.
Experiment broadly refers to a situation that involves random results.
Probabilities are written as fractions or decimals from 0 to 1 or as percent from 0% to 100%
Probability Rules
1. If an event has a probability of 0, or 0%, then it will never happen or it is impossible to happen.
2. If an event has a probability of 0.5 or 50%, then the event has the same chance or even chance
to happen or not to happen.
3. If an event has a probability of 1, or 100%, then the event is certain to happen.
4. The sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes of an experiment is 1.
Types of Probability
1. Experimental Probability It is based on the number of possible outcomes by the total number of
trials.
2. Theoretical Probability It is an approach that bases the probability on the possible chances of
something to happen.
3. Subjective Probability It is based on a person‘s own personal reasoning and judgment.
A simple event is one that can only happen in one way