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Lesson 2.2 Polyas Four Step in Problem Solving

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22 views

Lesson 2.2 Polyas Four Step in Problem Solving

Uploaded by

joylynprios20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 2.

POLYA’S PROBLEM-
SOLVING STRATEGY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
1. Enumerate and discuss Polya’s Stages on Problem Solving
2. Solve problems involving using Polya’s four steps.
3. Organize one’s methods and approaches for proving and solving
problems.
POLYA’S FOUR-STEP IN
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROCESS
Systematic process for solving
problems
POLYA’S FOUR-STEP IN PROBLEM
SOLVING PROCESS

4 Look back

3 Carry out the Plan

2 Devise a Plan

1 Understand the Problem


Understand the
Problem

Step 1
1 U nderstand the Problem
• State the problem in your own word
• Pinpoint exactly what is being asked
• Identify the unknowns
• Figure out what the problem tells you is important
• Identify any irrelevant information
D Plan
Step 2
2 Devise a Plan
• Find the connection between the data and the
unknown.
• Try to think of a familiar problem having the
same or a similar unknown.
• Select an appropriate strategy to solve the
problem.
2 Devise a Plan
• Working backwards
• Guess and Check
Some
• Make a table, diagram or chart
Strategies
• Write an equation
• Divide and Conquer
3
3 Carry out the Plan
• Keep a record of your steps as you implement
your strategy from step 2.
• Can you see clearly that the step is correct?
• Can you prove that it is correct?
Look Back

Step 4
4 Look back
• Check your work.
• Does the answer makes sense?
• Ensure that all the conditions related to the
problem are met.
Example 1:
Alex is buying an ice-cream cone. There are six
different flavors of ice cream for her to choose
from: chocolate, strawberry, banana, mango, vanilla,
and double-dutch, but she can only fit two flavors
on her cone. What different choices does she has?
1 Understand the Problem

There are six different flavors: chocolate,


strawberry, banana, mango, vanilla, and double-
dutch, but only two can fit on the cone.

We have to find the number of combinations with


two flavors Alex can choose from.
2 Devise a Plan

We can use make a diagram strategy by creating a


tree diagram to find out the number of
combinations by connecting the flavors.
3 Carry out the Plan

Let:
C denotes the chocolate flavor
S denotes strawberry flavor
B denotes banana flavor
M denotes mango flavor
V denotes vanilla flavor, and
D denotes double-dutch flavor
3 Carry out the Plan

S
B B M
C M S M B V
V V D
D D

Thus, there are 15


V combinations Alex
M V D can choose from.
D
4 Look back

To check our work, we have to make sure


that we did not miss any flavor and no
repeating flavors in the combinations.
Example 2:
A man was making out his will. He had
P1,600,000 to divide among his three sons.
The oldest son was to get P200,000 more
that the middle son. The middle son was to
get P100,000 more than the youngest son.
How much did each son get?
1 Understand the Problem

A man divides P1,600,000 to his three sons. The


oldest son was to get P200,000 more than the
middle son, the middle son was to get P100,000
more than the younger son.
We have to find the amount of money each of
them can get.
2 Devise a Plan

We will make equations out from the given


facts.
3 Carry out the Plan

We let:
𝑥 be the money for the youngest son
𝑥 + 𝑃100,000 be the money for the 2nd son
(𝑥 + 𝑃100,000) + 𝑃200,000 be the money for the 1st
son.
3 Carry out the Plan

𝑃1,600,000 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑃100,000 +
[ 𝑥 + 𝑃100,000 + 𝑃200,000]
= 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + (𝑃400,000)
= 3𝑥 + 𝑃400,000
3𝑥 = 𝑃1,600,000 − 𝑃400,000
3𝑥 = 𝑃1,200,000
𝒙 = 𝑷𝟒𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
3 Carry out the Plan

Substitute the value of x; 𝑥 = 𝑷𝟒𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎


x + 𝑃100,000 = 𝑃400,000 + 𝑃100,000
= 𝑷𝟓𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑥 + 𝑃100,000 + 𝑃200,000
= 𝑃400,000 + 𝑃100,000 + 𝑃200,000
= 𝑷𝟕𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
3 Carry out the Plan

Therefore, each of them can get:


P𝟒𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 for the youngest son
P𝟓𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 for the middle son
P𝟕𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 for the oldest son
4 Look back
The middle son was to get P100,000 more than the
youngest son, so,
P500,000– 𝑃400,000 = 𝑃100,000
The oldest son was to get P200,000 more than the middle
son, so,
P700,000 − 𝑃500,000 = 𝑃200,000

And, P400,000 + 𝑃500,000 + 𝑃700,000 = 𝑃1, 600,000


TIME…
Solve the following problem using Polya’s four steps in problem
solving.

1. Rick and Daryl left Hilltop at 9:00 AM. Daryl is riding a motorbike at the
rate of 65 kph due north and Rick on a car travels east at 80 kph. How
far are they from each other at 11:00 AM?

2. If the length of the top of a rectangle is 15 inches more than its width
and the area is 1,350 square inches. Find the dimension of the table.
3. Ryan numbered his miniature race car collection according to the following rules:
a. It has to be 3-digit number.
b. The digit in the hundreds place is less than 3.
c. The digit in the tens place is greater than 7.
d. The digit in the ones place is odd.
If Ryan used every possibility and each car had different number, how many cars did
Ryan have in his collection?

4. Clock Problems: For every 5-minute spaces moved by the hour hand, the minute
1
hand has covered 60-minute spaces. Therefore, the hour hand moves only 12 as fast as
the minute hand. Use this ratio in solving clock problems.
How soon afternoon will the hands of the clock extend in opposite directions?

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