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Valid Vs Invalid Arguments

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Valid Vs Invalid Arguments

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davidchege.dnc
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Cogent Reasoning and Valid

Vs. Invalid Arguments


Valid Arguments Cogent Reasoning
An argument is valid if its conclusion follows necessarily Cogent reasoning is the one that presents the strongest,
from its premises through a coherent and justified most relevant evidence and logical connections to an
reasoning process. The Toulmin model ensures this argument while effectively addressing counterarguments.
validity by linking premises and conclusions via an When multiple potentially conflicting ideas in a scenario
explanatory factor: the "warrant" behind why premises signal a balance of presentation, it creates an opportunity
support the conclusion (Furber, 2019). It enhances validity for argumentation imagery (Nussbaum, 2021). One can
by providing "backing" for the warrant, specifying use a vee diagram to balance the pros and cons of
"qualifiers" to outline the extent or the limits of the arguments, leading to a well-integrated conclusion. It
argument, and offering a "rebuttal" to address likely promotes critical thinking by examining both sides and
counterarguments. In doing this, you will have a structured combining stronger points into one convincing overall
approach that will ensure your argument is sound, well- argument.
supported, and resilient to objections.

Argumentation Vee Diagram (Source: Nussbaum, 2021).


Using evidence to support an argument
For instance, one can use evidence from medical studies
to support the argument "Sterile gloves are essential in
Toulmin model (Source: Furber, 2019). preventing surgical infections," as they demonstrate a
substantial reduction in postoperative infections
Invalid Arguments (Wistrand et al., 2022). Citing data on infection rates and
clinical outcomes strengthens arguments by clearly
These arguments are invalid because the conclusion does demonstrating how sterile gloves contribute to patient
not follow logically from the premises due to incorrect safety during surgical procedures.
reasoning or insufficient evidence. The counterargument
structure is a generally effective way to show that an Using evidence to refute an argument
argument is invalid (Nussbaum, 2021). The
counterargument structure does this by contrasting weak One can refute an argument concerning medical supplies
arguments with stronger counterarguments in order to with evidence-based counterpoints. If someone, for
show logical flaws, unsustained claims, or poor links from example, states that generic brands of medical supplies
evidence to conclusions that render reasoning invalid. are inferior to branded names, one should note that
research indicates generics do meet the regulatory
standards and perform as well as branded names
(Alderfer et al., 2021). Therefore, one would use studies
or data showing generics were often just as effective and
reliable as branded product counterparts.
References
Alderfer, J., Hansen, R. A., & Mattingly, T. J. (2021).
Understanding authorized generics—A review
of the published clinical data. Journal of clinical
pharmacy and therapeutics, 46(6), 1489-1497.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13426
Furber M. (2019). Fiqh arguments and the Toulmin
model of argument.
https://musafurber.com/2019/01/26/fiqh-
arguments-and-the-toulmin-model-of-argument/
Nussbaum, E. M. (2021). Critical integrative
argumentation: Toward complexity in students’
Counter-Argument Structure (Source: Nussbaum, 2021). thinking. Educational Psychologist, 56(1), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1845173
Wistrand, C., Falk-Brynhildsen, K., & Sundqvist, A. S.
(2022). Important interventions in the operating
room to prevent bacterial contamination and
surgical site infections. American journal of
infection control, 50(9), 1049-1054.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.12.021

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