NATIONALCENTREFOREXCELLENCE

BENGALURU
CHEMISTRYINVESTIGATORYPROJECT
REPORTON
“PROJECT TITLE”
For the session
2024-25
Guided By: Prepared By:
Mrs.NITU NAVIN STUDENT’S NAME
PGT Chemistry Reg. No:

Prepared as partial fulfillment of requirement in the subject as per the guidelines

issued by Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “ project title” has been
carried out by [student name] under my guidance and supervision.
To the best of my knowledge, the report:

● Embodies the work of the candidate himself.

● Has duly been completed.
● Fulfills the requirement of the ordinance of CBSE.
● Is up to the standard for the purpose for which it is submitted.

Mrs Nitu Navin Mrs.Deepa R.

PGT Chemistry (Principal)

(External Examiner)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 Acknowledgment

2 Abstract

3 Introduction

4 Requirements

5 Procedure

6 Observation

7 Conclusion
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to our Principal, Mrs.

Nithya Satish for letting me choose my desired field of interest, for
working on the project, and also for inspiring me through the
course of the project work. Her words of encouragement helped
me throughout.
I would also like to earnestly thank my guide, Mrs. Nitu Navin
for her sincere and genuine guidance throughout the project.
Without her dedication, it would not have been possible for me to
carry out this project report.
I want to thank her for clearing my doubts in the best possible
manner during this project.

STUDENT’S NAME

4
 ABSTRACT
Soft drinks are a popular beverage choice among children and adolescents.
However, the high sugar and acidity levels in these drinks can contribute
significantly to detrimental effects on oral and overall health. While it is
concerning that soft drink consumption has increased over the years, it is
important to note that there are ways to mitigate the negative impact.

By educating individuals, especially children and adolescents, about the

harmful effects of soft drinks, we can encourage them to make healthier
beverage choices. This awareness can also help consumers to identify the
full extent of ingredients present in these beverages despite labeling
requirements.

Moreover, instead of solely focusing on the negative aspects of soft

drinks, we can highlight the benefits of alternative beverage choices that
provide essential micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals necessary for
overall health and development. By promoting moderation and healthier
dietary choices, we can help individuals maintain good oral and overall
health.

In conclusion, while the consumption of soft drinks poses significant risks

to oral and overall health, there are constructive ways to address this issue.
By raising awareness, promoting healthier choices, and focusing on the
benefits of alternative beverages, we can help individuals make informed
decisions and maintain good health.
 INTRODUCTION

Soft drinks, whether carbonated or not, have become a ubiquitous part of

modern culture, offering a refreshing respite from the day's demands. In
the realm of carbonated beverages, a few key players dominate the market,
each with its own unique appeal.

Sprite, Miranda, and Limca are often perceived as invigorating elixirs that
impart a sense of lightness to the drinker. Sprite, with its crisp lemon-lime
flavor, tingles the taste buds with its effervescence, leaving behind a
sensation of rejuvenation. Miranda, known for its fruity medley of flavors,
delights consumers with its refreshing sweetness, providing a burst of
energy without overwhelming the palate. Limca, with its zesty lime flavor
and subtle carbonation, offers a delightful pick-meup, perfect for
quenching thirst on a hot day.

In contrast, Pepsi and Thums Up are renowned for their bold and robust
profiles, known to stimulate the senses and activate the pulse and brain.
Pepsi, with its distinctive cola taste and hint of vanilla, delivers a
satisfying jolt of energy, making it a popular choice for those seeking a
quick pick-me-up. Thums Up, with its intense blend of spices and bold
carbonation, awakens the senses with every sip, leaving behind a lingering
sense of exhilaration.

The era of cold drinks may have begun decades ago, but it continues to
evolve, with new flavors and formulations constantly entering the market.
Whether enjoyed as a casual refreshment or a source of stimulation, soft
drinks have secured their place in the fabric of society, offering a moment
of pleasure in a busy world.
Aim: Comparative study and qualitative Analysis of different brands of
Cold drinks available in the market.

REQUIREMENTS
Apparatus required:
1. Test Tubes
2. Test Tube Holder
3. Test Tube Stand
4. Stop Watch
5. Beaker
6. Burner
7. PH Paper Tripod Stand
8. China Dish
9. Wire Gauge
 PROCEDURE

1. PH detection test
i. Take 4-5ml of various cold drinks in test tubes and label each one. ii.
Add a few drops of universal indicator solution into the test tubes
iii. Shake the test tube to mix the solutions properly till solutions are
properly mixed
iv. Note down the color change produced by the mixture.
v. Based on the colour observed
a) Acidic drinks: Colour change to red or orange.
b) Neutral drinks: Colour change to green.
c) Alkaline drinks: Colour change to blue or purple.

2. Test for Carbon Dioxide

i. Pour a known volume of each cold drink (e.g., 50 mL) into separate
test tubes and label each one.
ii. Add a small amount (e.g., 10 mL) of lime water (Ca(OH)₂) to each
test tube.
iii. Stir each mixture gently with a stirring rod.
iv. Start a timer and wait for 2 minutes.
v. Record the time at which a white precipitate forms, if any, for each
solution. vi. Formation of a white precipitate indicates the presence
of carbon dioxide.

3. Test for Glucose

a) Benedict’s Reagent Test
i. Mix a small amount of each cold drink with distilled water to
make a test liquid and label each test tube. ii. To a test tube, add 40
drops of liquid to be tested.
iii. If testing more than one liquid, label each test tube with a marker
iv. Add 10 drops of Benedict's solution to each test tube.
v. Carefully heat the test tubes by suspending them in a hot water bath
at about 40-50oC for five minutes
vi. Note any color change
vii. Color change from blue to green, yellow, orange, or brickred
indicates the presence of glucose.
b) Fehling’s Solution Test’
i. Pour a known volume of each cold drink (e.g., 50 mL) into
separate test tubes and label each one.
ii. Using a dropper, take a small quantity of Fehling’s solution A
iii. Add Fehling’s solution A to each test tube.
iv. Using a dropper, take a small quantity of Fehling’s solution B.
v. Add Fehling’s solution B to each test tube.
vi. In a water bath, Boil the solutions over a burner for 2 minutes.
vii. Keep shaking the test tubes while heating and then note down
the changes produce
viii. Formation of a brick-red precipitate indicates the presence of
reducing sugars like glucose.

4. Extraction of sugar
i. Measure 500 mL of the soft drink and pour it into a 500 mL
beaker.
ii. Add 10 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the soft drink. iii. Stir
the mixture continuously for about 5 minutes to ensure thorough
mixing and sugar release. iv. Allow the mixture to settle for
approximately 10 minutes to let the solid particles settle at the
bottom.
v. Set up a funnel with medium-sized qualitative filter paper over a
clean 250 mL beaker, ensuring a proper fit. vi. Carefully pour the
mixture through the funnel to filter out any solid particles, collecting
the filtered liquid in the 250 mL beaker.
vii. Transfer the filtered sugar solution to a clean saucepan. viii. Add a
spoonful of anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl₂) to the sugar solution
and stir gently to mix.
ix. Cover the saucepan with a watch glass or lid to prevent
contamination.
x. Heat the mixture on a hot plate over medium heat, aiming to
maintain a temperature range of 60-70°C
xi. Continue heating and stirring until the volume is reduced by
about a quarter or until the solution becomes slightly thickened.

minutes .
After reducing the volume and thickening the solution,
This should take approximately 10-15
xii. remove the saucepan from the hot plate.
xiii. Transfer the thickened solution to a pre-chilled container or
place the saucepan in an ice bath to cool rapidly.
xiv. Allow to cool rapidly for about 5-10 minutes to promote quick
crystallization.
xv. As the solution cools, sugar crystals will start to form. You can
gently swirl or stir the mixture to encourage crystal formation.
xvi. Use a spatula to collect the sugar crystals from the
container or saucepan.
 OBSERVATION

• Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of

citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of
different brands are different due to the variation in amount
of acidic contents.

• All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in

water. The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to
form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:

Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)

• All the samples gave positive test for glucose with

Benedict’s reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.

• All the samples gave positive test for glucose with

Fehling’s (A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold drinks
contain glucose.

• All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate
ions. Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED :

NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ---------- (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 + 21HN4NO3 +
12H2O

All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol.
Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O

CONCLUSION
Disadvantages of Cold Drinks:
• Soft drinks are a little more harmful than sugar solution as
they contain sugar in large amount which causes problem
for diabetic patients.

• They contain weight gain.

• They contain phosphoric acid which has a pH value of 2.8

which is enough to dissolve a nail in about four days.

• Soft drinks have the ability to remove blood so they are

very harmful to body.

Uses of Cold Drinks:

• Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

• They can remove rust spots from chrome car hampers.

• They can lose a rust bolt.

• They can clean corrosion from car battery terminals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
one page
WHOLE PROJECT IS 18 TO 20 PAGES ONLY
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