ALTERNATING CURRENT WS-1 CLASS XII

1. Explain the term 'inductive reactance'. Show graphically the variation of inductive reactance
with frequency of the applied alternating voltage.
2. What are the units of self-inductance L and inductive reactance XL?
3. An electric bulb B and a parallel plate capacitor C are connected in series to the a.c. mains as
shown in the given figure. The bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the
bulb be affected on introducing a dielectric slab between the plates of the capacitor ? Give
reasons in support of your answer
4. A device ‘X’ is connected to an a.c. source V = Vo sin ωt. The variation of voltage, current
and power in one complete cycle is shown in the following figure.
(i) Which curve shows power consumption over a full cycle? (ii) Identify the device ‘X’.
5. (i) Draw the graphs showing variation of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance
with frequency of applied a.c. source.
(ii) Can the voltage drop across the inductor or the capacitor in a series LCR circuit be
greater than the applied voltage of the a.c. source ? Justify your answer.
6. In a series LCR circuit, the voltages across an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30 V, 30
V and 60 V respectively. What is the phase difference between the applied voltage and the
current in the circuit ?
7. What is the power dissipated in an ac circuit in which the voltage and current is given by
V=230 sin (t + /2) and I = 10 sin t?
8. In a series LCR circuit, the voltages across an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30 V, 30
V and 60 V respectively. What is the phase difference between the applied voltage and the
current in the circuit ?
9. The power factor of an ac circuit is 0.5. What is the phase difference between voltage and
current in this circuit?
10. An alternating voltage of frequency f is applied across a series LCR circuit. Let fr be the
resonance frequency for the circuit. Will the current in the circuit lag, lead or remain in phase
with the applied voltage when (i) (ii) Explain your answer in each case
11. In the circuit shown below, R represents an electric bulb. If the frequency of the supply is
doubled, how should the values of C and L be changed so that the glow in the bulb remains
unchanged?

12. When an alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.5A flows
through it and is in phase with the applied voltage. When the same voltage is applied across
another device Y, the same current flows again through Y but it leads the applied voltage by
π/2 radians. a) Name the devices X and Y b) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit
when same voltage is applied across the series combination of X and Y
13. A device ‘X’ is connected to an ac source V = V0 sin ωt. The variation of voltage, current and
power in one cycle is shown in the following graph : (2017)

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 (a) Identify the device ‘X’.
(b) Which of the curves A, B and C represent the voltage, current and the power consumed in
the circuit? Justify your answer.
(c) How does its impedance vary with frequency of the ac source ? Show graphically.
(d) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit and its phase relation with ac voltage.
14. The given graphs (a) and (b) represent the variation of the opposition offered by the circuit
element to the flow of alternating current , with frequency of the applied emf. Identify the
circuit corresponding to each graph.

15. What is the phase difference between the voltage across an inductor and a capacitor in an
ac circuit?

16. An electrical element X, when connected to an alternating voltage source, has the current
through it leading the voltage by /2 radii. Identify X and write an expression for its reactance
17. Why does a metallic piece become very hot when it is surrounded by a coil carrying high
frequency alternating current?
18. Three students X, Y, and Z performed an experiment for studying the variation of alternating
currents with angular frequency in a series LCR circuit and obtained the graphs shown below.
They all used a.c. sources of the same r. m. s. value and inductances of the same value.
What can we (qualitatively) conclude about the
(i) capacitance value
(ii) resistance values used by them?
In which case will the quality factor be maximum?
19. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observations for dc and ac
connections. What happens in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced?

CLASS XII : ALTERNATING CURRENTS

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 NUMERICALS:
1. An a.c. voltage of 100 V, 50 Hz is connected across a 20 ohm resistor and mH inductor in
series. Calculate (i) impedance of the circuit, (ii) rms current in the circuit.
2. A light bulb is rated 100W for 220 V ac supply of 50Hz. Calculate
(i) the resistance of the bulb.
(ii) the r.m.s current though the bulb
3. Obtain the resonant frequency ωr of a series LCR circuit with L = 2.0H, C = 2 μF and R = 10
Ω.What is the Q-value of this circuit? Mention the significance of qulity factor in LCR circuit.

4. A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source (200V,50Hz). The voltages across the
resistor capacitor and inductor are respectively 200V,250V and 250V.
(i)The algebraic sum of the voltages across the three elements is greater than the voltage of the
source. How is this paradox resolved.
(ii)Given the value of the resistance R is 40Ω , calculate the current in the circuit.
5. When an inductor L and a resistor R in series are connected across a 12 V, 50Hz supply, a
current of 0.5 A flows in the circuit. The current differs in phase from applied voltage by
radian. Calculate the value of R.

6. An inductor 200mH, capacitor 500 µF, resistor 10Ωare connected in series with a 100 V,
variable frequency a.c. source. Calculate the
(i) frequency at which the power factor of the circuit is unity
(ii) current amplitude at this frequency
(iii) Q-factor

7. A resistor of 200Ω and a capacitor of 40 µF are connected in series to 220 V a.c. source with
angular frequency = 300Hz. Calculate the voltages (rms) across the resistor and the
capacitor. Why is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? How do
you resolve this paradox?

8. A 2 μF capacitor, 100 Ω resistor and 8 H inductor are connected in series with an AC source.
(i)What should be the frequency of the source such that current drawn in the circuit is
maximum? What is this frequency called ?
(ii) If the peak value of e.m.f. of the source is 200 V, find the maximum current.
(iii) Draw a graph showing variation of amplitude of circuit current with changing
frequency of applied voltage in a series LRC circuit for two different values of resistance
R1 and R2 (R1 > R2).
(iv) Define the term ‘Sharpness of Resonance’. Under what condition, does a circuit
become more selective ?
9. (ii)A resistor of 200 Ω and a capacitor of 15.0 μF are connected in series to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac
source. (a) Calculate the current in the circuit; (b) Calculate the voltage (rms) across the
resistor and the capacitor. Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage?
If yes, resolve the paradox.
Z=291.5Ω, I=0.755A,VR=151V,Vc=160.3V

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10. When an inductor L and a resistor R in series are connected across a 12 V, 50Hz supply, a
current of 0.5 A flows in the circuit. The current differs in phase from applied voltage by
radian. Calculate the value of R and L.
11. A series L.C.R. circuit with L=0.12H, C=480µF, R=23Ω is connected to a variable frequency.
At what frequency is the current maximum?[Ans:663 Hz]
12. A capacitor, a 15Ω resistor and 101.5mH inductor are placed in series with a 50Hz a.c. source.
Calculate the capacity of the capacitor if the current is observed in phase with the voltage.
[100 µF]
13. What is Q factor of a series LCR circuit with L =2H, C =32F, and R=10?

14. A capacitor and a resistor are connected in series with an a.c. source. If the potential
difference across C, R are 120 V, 90 V respectively and if the r.m.s. current of the circuit is 3
A, calculate the (i) impedance, (ii) power factor of the circuit.
15. A series L.C.R. circuit consists of a resistance of 10 a capacitor of reactance 60 and
an inductor coil. The circuit is found to resonate when put across 300V, 100Hz supply.
Calculate (a) the inductance of the coil
16. A light bulb is rated at 100W for a 220 V supply. Find
(a) the resistance of the bulb; (b) the peak voltage of the source; and
(c) the rms current through the bulb.
Ans: 484Ω, 311V, 0.450A

17. A pure inductor of 25.0 mH is connected to a source of 220 V. Find the inductive reactance
and rms current in the circuit if the frequency of the source is 50 Hz.
Ans: 7.85Ω, 28A
18. 15.0 μF capacitor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz source. Find the capacitive reactance and the
current (rms and peak) in the circuit. If the frequency is doubled, what happens to the
capacitive reactance and the current?
Ans:212 Ω,1.04A,1.47A
19. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series LCR
circuit in which
R = 3 Ω, L = 25.48 mH, and C = 796 μF. Find (a) the impedance of the circuit; (b) the phase
difference between the voltage across the source and the current; (c) the power dissipated in
the circuit; and (d) the power factor.
Ans; Z=5Ω,φ=-53.1°,P=4800W, Cosφ=0.6

Suppose the frequency of the source in the previous question can be varied. (a) What is the
frequency of the source at which resonance occurs? (b) Calculate the impedance, the current,
and the power dissipated at the resonant condition.
Ans:νr=35.4Hz, Z=R=3Ω,Irms=66.7 A at resonance.P=13.35KW

20. A 100 Ω resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply.

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 (a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit?
(b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle?
Ans: I=2.20 A (b) 484 W
21. (a) The peak voltage of an ac supply is 300 V. What is the rms voltage?
(b) The rms value of current in an ac circuit is 10 A. What is the peak current? [Ans: 212.1V,
14.1A]
22. A 44 mH inductor is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of the
current in the circuit.[Ans: 15.9 A]
23. A 60 μF capacitor is connected to a 110 V, 60 Hz ac supply. Determine the rms value of the
current in the circuit. [2.49 A]
24. Obtain the resonant frequency ωr of a series LCR circuit with L = 2.0H, C = 32 μF and R = 10
Ω. What is the Q-value of this circuit?[Ans: 125 s–1; 25]
25. A charged 30 μF capacitor is connected to a 27 mH inductor. What is the angular frequency of
free oscillations of the circuit?[Ans: 1.1 × 103 s–1
26. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω, L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-
frequency 200 V ac supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of
the circuit, what is the average power transferred to the circuit in one complete cycle?
Ans:2,000 W
27. A radio can tune over the frequency range of a portion of MW broadcast band: (800 kHz to
1200 kHz). If its LC circuit has an effective inductance of 200 μH, what must be the range of
its variable capacitor?
Ans: The variable capacitor should have a range of about 88 pF to 198 pF.
28. An LC circuit contains a 20 mH inductor and a 50 μF capacitor with an initial charge of 10
mC. The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed be t = 0.
(a) What is the total energy stored initially? Is it conserved during LC oscillations?
(b) What is the natural frequency of the circuit?
(c) At what time is the energy stored (i) completely electrical (i.e., stored in the capacitor)? (ii)
completely magnetic (i.e., stored in the inductor)?
(d) At what times is the total energy shared equally between the inductor and the capacitor?
(e) If a resistor is inserted in the circuit, how much energy is eventually dissipated as heat?
Ans: a) 1.0 J, b) 159Hz,

29. A coil of inductance 0.50 H and resistance 100 Ω is connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz ac supply.
(a) What is the maximum current in the coil?
(b) What is the time lag between the voltage maximum and the current maximum?
1.82 A,φ=57.5°,3.2ms
30. A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and a 60 μF capacitor in series is connected to a 230 V,
50 Hz supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.
(a) Obtain the current amplitude and rms values.
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 (b) Obtain the rms values of potential drops across each element.
(c) What is the average power transferred to the inductor?
(d) What is the average power transferred to the capacitor?
(e) What is the total average power absorbed by the circuit? [‘Average’ implies ‘averaged over
one cycle’.]
8.24 A, 437 V, zero, zero, zero
31. (a) Determine the value of phase difference between the current and the voltage in the given
series LCR circuit.

(b) Calculate the value of the additional capacitor which may be joined suitably to the capacitor
C that would make the power factor of the circuit unity.

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