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Literally Criticism

It is criticism over literature by the university students at the Numl University Lahore . It talk about the different aspects about the literature and how can we criticize it with our interpretations.

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hamzasaeed0403
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6 views

Literally Criticism

It is criticism over literature by the university students at the Numl University Lahore . It talk about the different aspects about the literature and how can we criticize it with our interpretations.

Uploaded by

hamzasaeed0403
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: Discourse Analysis

Topic: Introduction to discourse .


Fazal Karim
Hamza
Asif Kandi
Azeem
Ushter
Introduction
Discourse refers to the social use of language, encompassing context, culture,
and power dynamics, which exceeds literal text interpretation and involves
negotiation of meaning and ideological underpinnings.It includes various
types, such as written, spoken, media, political, institutional, social, and
cultural discourse. Understanding discourse enables effective communication,
critical thinking, and media literacy, with applications in language
teaching,social sciences, conflict resolution, and more. By examining
discourse, we can uncover underlying social relationships, cultural values, and
power structures that shape our interactions and perceptions, ultimately
fostering a deeper understanding of human communication.
Features of Discourse
Contextualization*
Title: Contextualization
Bullet points:
- Refers to the situation, participants, and purpose
- Influences interpretation of language
- Includes physical, social, and cultural context
Example: “How are you?” can be a genuine question or a casual greeting.
Negotiation of Meaning*
Title: Negotiation of Meaning
Bullet points:
- Active interpretation and construction of meaning
- Participants co-create understanding
- Meaning is not fixed or static
Example: Clarifying ambiguous instructions or resolving misunderstandings.
Features of Discourse
Intertextuality*
Title: Intertextuality
Bullet points:
- Draws on prior texts and conversations
- Connects new information to existing knowledge
- Creates shared meaning and understanding
Example: Quoting a famous phrase or referencing a cultural icon.
Power Dynamics*
Title: Power Dynamics
Bullet points:
- Reflects and shapes social relationships
- Influences language choice and tone
- Can reinforce or challenge social hierarchies
Example: Formal language in professional settings vs. Informal language with friends.
Ideological Underpinnings*
Title: Ideological Underpinnings
Bullet points:
- Embodies cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes
- Shapes interpretation of language
- Can perpetuate or challenge dominant ideologies
Example: Language used to promote social justice or reinforce stereotypes.
Text and Discourse
▪ Text and Discourse:
▪ Text refers to the written or spoken language itself, while discourse encompasses the
broader social context.
▪ *Types of Discourse:
▪ 1. Written Discourse: Books, articles, emails, texts.
▪ 2. Spoken Discourse: Conversations, lectures, debates.
▪ 3. Media Discourse: News, advertising, social media.
▪ 4. Political Discourse: Government policies, speeches, campaigns.
▪ 5. Institutional Discourse: Education, law, medicine, business.
▪ 6. Social Discourse: Everyday conversations, social media interactions.
▪ 7. Cultural Discourse: Art, literature, music, film.
▪ 8. Critical Discourse: Analysis of power relationships and social inequality.
Key Concept
▪ Key Concepts:*
▪
▪ 1. Speech Acts (e.g., promises, apologies)
▪ 2. Pragmatics (e.g., implicature, inference)
▪ 3. Conversation Analysis (e.g., turn-taking, adjacency pairs)
▪ 4. Critical Discourse Analysis (e.g., power, ideology, hegemony)
For example.
Speech Acts*

1. Promising: “I’ll meet you at 5 pm.”


2. Apologizing: “Sorry for being late.”
Conclusion

▪ Discourse analysis reveals the complex relationships between


language, context, and power dynamics. Understanding discourse
enables effective communication, critical thinking, and media
literacy. Key concepts like speech acts, pragmatics, conversation
analysis, and critical discourse analysis provide valuable insights.
By examining discourse, we uncover underlying social
relationships, cultural values, and ideological underpinnings.
Applications in language teaching, social sciences, conflict
resolution, and more demonstrate its significance. Recognizing
discourse's role in shaping our interactions and perceptions
empowers us to navigate diverse contexts and foster inclusive
communication.
▪Thank you for your attention

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