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Nationalism in India Class 10

Team Leverage Edu · Updated on Jun 26, 2021

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Nationalism in India is described as the

chronological account of our freedom struggle
against the alien rule that is the British rule. It was
undoubtedly the biggest mass movement of modern
times, which galvanized millions of people of all
classes and ideologies into political action and
brought the colonial empire to its knees. For those
looking for Nationalism in India class 10 notes, we
have covered all the highlights here. Read on to
know more!

THIS BLOG INCLUDES:

1 Introduction to Nationalism in India Class

10
2 World War 1
3 Satyagraha
4 Rowlatt Act of 1919
5 Non Cooperation and Khilafat
6 Non-Cooperation Movement in Stages
7 Civil Disobedience Movement
Beginning of Civil Disobedience
Participants in the Civil Disobedience
Movement
Limits of the Civil Disobedience
Movement

8 Salt March
9 Gandhi Irwin Pact
10 Development of a Sense of Collective
Belonging
11 Nationalism in India Class 10 Questions
and Answers

The Rise of Nationalism and Europe

Class 10 Study Notes

Introduction to Nationalism in India Class 10

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Introduction to Nationalism in India Class

10

In the chapter Nationalism in India class 10, it is

described as the feeling when people of a country
develop a sense of common belonging and are
united in a common thread. Their struggles unite
them, and they tend to form a common identity. It
covers nationalism in many parts of the world like
Germany, France, Britain, Vietnam, India, and many
others. Here are the Nationalism in India Class 10
Notes:

World War 1

We see the growth of the national movement of

India from World War 1. Britishers colonized people
of India and many other nations like Vietnam, so
they had a common enemy which tied them together
to fight against British rule in India. During the time
of World War 1, India, being the colony of Britain,
faced many economic and political problems.

First of all, to wage war, a large sum of money

was needed, which was derived by introducing
customs duties and income tax on Indians.
Secondly, India was forced to supply men as
soldiers to the British army, which caused
widespread anger among people.
Many parts of our country faced shortages of
food supply and spread of the influenza
epidemic, which added fuel to the fire to fight
against the colonial government.

When Gandhi came to India in 1915 from South

Africa, people saw him as a messiah who would end
their suffering. From 1915 to 1916, on the advice of
his political guru, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, he visited
many places in India to get the first-hand experience
of people’s problems.

To know more about 10 class history, here are

Leverage Edu’s Best Books on Indian History

Satyagraha

According to NCERT 10 class history book, the

literal meaning of Satyagraha is= Satya (truth) +
Agraha (hold on to truth). Three Satyagrahas
launched by Gandhi Ji at the regional level are the
following:

Champaran- In 1916, he launched first

Satyagraha in Champaran, Bihar where he
inspired people to protest against teenkathiya
system (repressive plantation system)
Kheda- In 1917, he organized Satyagraha in
the Kheda district of Gujarat to support the
poor peasants who were demanding relaxation
in revenue collection.
Ahmedabad- In 1918, he organized
Satyagraha for cotton mill workers.

Gandhi Ji launched all these movements by

following two principles that are truth and non-
violence. He believed that if the idea is pure, then a
satyagrahi does not need to use force. He was a
practitioner of non-violence and believed that one
could win any battle by following the Dharma of truth
and non-violence. He followed this Dharma in the
whole process of nationalism in India, as covered
in 10 class history books.

Also Read: Branches of History

Rowlatt Act of 1919

After these three Satyagraha at the regional level,

Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha.
Still, as Newton’s third law says, every action has an
equal and opposite reaction, the Imperial legislative
council passed the Rowlatt act in 1919 which gave
Britishers enormous power to suppress political
activities and put political prisoners behind bars
without any trial for two years. In this response,
Gandhiji launched a hartal on 6 April. It was the
beginning of India workers’ national movement
went on strike, shops were closed down, railways
and telegraph lines were disrupted. As a result, local
leaders were picked up, and Gandhiji was barred
from entering Delhi. Martial law was imposed in
many places in India.

On 13 April, Amritsar people gathered to participate

in the Baisakhi festival, unaware of martial law.
When General Dyer came to know about this
gathering, he fired upon people and killed a large
number of them to create fear and feeling of awe. It
is marked as the black day in the history of the
national movement of India.

As stated in the chapter nationalism in India class

10, Gandhi was always a staunch supporter of non-
violence, so after the incident of Jallianwala Bagh,
he immediately called off the hartal.

Credits – Citytoday.news

Federalism Class 10 Notes

Class 10 Agriculture Notes

Non Cooperation and Khilafat

In Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes, it is

mentioned that Gandhiji realized that to launch a
successful mass movement at the national level,
Hindus and Muslims should be brought together. At
the Calcutta session of Congress in 1920, He
decided to launch the Non-cooperation movement
with the Khilafat movement. Khilafat movement was
launched by two Muslim brothers- Muhammad Ali
and Shaukat Ali. To defend the temporal power of
Khalifa in Muslim, the idea of bringing Hindu and
Muslims together was one of the biggest milestones
in the process of nationalism in India.

Credit: Tutorialspoint

Non-Cooperation Movement in Stages

Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes ideally

described how Gandhiji made people realize that
British rule sustained in India for so long because of
our political and economic cooperation with them.
So he proposed that people boycott foreign goods,
clothes, surrender government titles, schools,
colleges, law courts, civil services, and council
elections. Initially, Congress members were reluctant
to boycott council elections, but later in the congress
session of 1920, they decided to adopt the Non-
Cooperation program.

In the 10 class history NCERT Book, pictures show

that people from diverse backgrounds participated in
this movement. Thousands of teachers,
headmasters, lawyers, and students refused to go to
colonial institutions and altogether boycotted it.
Foreign goods were boycotted and burnt. Liquor
shops were picketed, which led to the dramatic
dropping of its import according to the 10 class
history book of class 10 social science, Gandhi Ji
encouraged people to make their own clothes using
Charkha. Charkha is the symbol of self-reliance and
traditional Indian handicrafts’ potential.

According to class 10 social science history book

Peasants in Awadh, under the guidance of Baba
Ramchandra, they participated in the Non-
cooperation movement by refusing to pay taxes and
do begar.

They attacked houses of talukdars and

merchants to end the repressive system.
Tribal people were affected because after the
introduction of forest laws, their customary
rights were denied.
They revolted against this brutal system under
the guidance of the tribal leader Alluri Sitaram
Raju.
Plantation workers were living in a very
repressive state and were forced to stay to a
confined border under the Inland Emigration
act. To end this state, they participated in this
revolt.
But in 1922, Chauri Chaura Satyagrahis
attacked a police station that claimed some
police officers’ lives. When Gandhiji heard this
violent act, he called off the movement
because it took intense color.

Power Sharing Class 10 Notes

What is Democracy?

Civil Disobedience Movement

A crucial milestone discussed in Nationalism in India

class 10 is the Civil Disobedience Movement. The
key features of the movement were as follows:

It was a step further from the Non-Cooperation

Movement. People were now prompted to not
only refuse cooperation but also break colonial
laws.
People boycotted foreign cloth and picketed
liquor shops.
Peasants were asked to refuse to pay revenue
and chaukidari taxes.
Students, village officials and lawyers were
asked not to attend English medium schools,
colleges, offices and courts.

Beginning of Civil Disobedience

In 1930, to protest against salt manufacturing’s

monopoly rights, Gandhiji launched the Dandi
march, where he, with his supporters, made salt and
blatantly broke the salt law. Gandhiji launched a civil
disobedience movement, so a mass level campaign
can be executed where people from all backgrounds
and class could participate in ending the brutal
repression by the British Government. It was a
significant movement among other national
movements of India.

Currently, we can see that this framework of our

society is in danger by some negative elements who
want to fragment our nation and divide people into
the lines of caste, creed, religion, and class. As
responsible citizens, we must preserve our hard-won
freedom.

Participants in the Civil Disobedience

Movement

Different social groups who resented the colonial

policies participated in the civil disobedience
movement. Rich peasant communities participated
in the movement to fight against the high revenue
policies, while the Indian business classes joined the
movement as a reaction to colonial restrictions on
their business. The poor peasant classes and
industrial working classes on the other hand did not
participate in large numbers. The large scale
participation of women in picketing and protests was
a remarkable feature of this movement.

Limits of the Civil Disobedience

Movement

The effects of the civil disobedience movement were

limited. There were very few instances of
participation of dalits in the movement, who instead
rallied for political empowerment through greater
representation and made the demand for separate
electorates. This movement under the leadership of
B.R. Ambedkar ultimately resulted in the Poona Pact
of 1932, due to the opposition by Gandhi.

The Muslim communities were also somewhat

alienated from the movement, especially after the
Khilafat movement lost its meaning. The fear of
dominance by Hindus contributed to a large extent
to the lack of response towards the movement from
the minority Muslim communities.

Salt March

On 31st January 1930, Mahatma Gandhi wrote a

letter to Viceroy Irwin addressing eleven demands,
including abolishing the Salt Tax. Salt is one of the
essential food items consumed by the rich and poor,
and a tax on it was considered oppressive. This
letter was an ultimatum that he would launch a civil
disobedience campaign if the demands were not
met by March 11.

Popularly known as the ‘Dandi march’, Mahatma

Gandhi started the Salt March with 78 volunteers.
The Salt March covered more than 240 miles, from
Gandhiji’s Sabarmati Ashram to Gujarat’s coastal
town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days,
covering about 10 miles a day. Thousands gathered
to meet Mahatma Gandhi wherever he halted, and
spread awareness about Swaraj and urged people
to defy the British rule non-violently. On April 6, they
arrived at Dandi and ceremonially violated the law
by manufacturing salt by boiling seawater. This
marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience
Movement, an important landmark in the growing
nationalism in India.

Gandhi Irwin Pact

Next in the Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes, The

Civil Disobedience Movement grew across the
country. Trying to suppress this rebellion, the British
arrested Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a disciple of Mahatma
Gandhi, in April 1930. Mahatma Gandhi was
arrested a month later, instigating people to attack
all structures that symbolised British rule.

Witnessing the horrific situation, Gandhiji called off

the campaign and entered into a pact with Irwin on 5
March 1931. As one of the proposed conditions of
the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to
engage in a Round Table Conference in London.
However, when the conference broke down,
Gandhiji returned to India disappointed and decide
to relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Development of a Sense of Collective

Belonging

Developing a sense of collective belonging is a

crucial step towards the growth of nationalism. In
India, although a part of this sense came from the
united struggles against the British rule, different
cultural processes also played an important role in
shaping the idea of collective belonging. The use of
symbols, figures, folklore, history etc. helped in
spreading ideas of nationalism within the masses.
The images of ‘Bharat Mata’, the designing of flags,
the revival of folklore and a reinterpretation of Indian
history, while contributing greatly to the spread of
nationalism in general, also led to the glorification of
a Hindu past , which alienated the people of other
communities to some extent.

Nationalism in India Class 10 Questions

and Answers

Why the growth of nationalism in the colonies

linked to an anti-colonial movement?

1, People started discovering their unity while they

struggled under colonialism
2. The feeling of oppression became a shared bond
that brought many different groups together
3. Each class/group experienced colonialism
differently, and even their ideas of freedom were not
always the same. The INC under Mahatma Gandhi
tried to bring these groups together under one
movement. This unity did not emerge without
conflict.

How did the First World War helped in the

growth of the National Movement in India?

1. It led to an enormous increase in defence

spending, funded by war loans and increasing taxes
Custom duties were raised, and income tax
introduced
2. Forced recruitment was done in villages which
induced widespread anger
3.Crops failed. This resulted in an acute food
shortage
4. More than 12 million people died owing to famines
and epidemics.

Why were Indians outraged by the Rowlatt Act

1919?

1. The Rowlatt Act was rapidly passed through the

Imperial Legislative Council, even though it was
entirely opposed by the Indian members
2. It gave the British government immense power to
suppress political activities
3. It authorised the detention of political prisoners
without trial for two years.

Why did Gandhiji decide to call off the Non-

Cooperation Movement?

In February 1922, Gandhiji decided to withdraw from

the Non-Cooperation Movement. He believed the
movement was turning violent in multiple places,
and the satyagrahis needed to be appropriately
trained before they are ready for mass struggles.

What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?

The idea of satyagraha highlighted the power of

truth and the need to search for truth. It was based
on the idea that if the cause was true and the fight
was against injustice, then the physical force was
not necessary to resist the oppressor. Without
seeking revenge or being aggressive, a satyagrahi
could victor the battle through nonviolence. One can
do this by appealing to the conscience of the
oppressor. People (including the oppressors) had to
be urged to see the truth instead of being forced to
accept truth through violence. This way, the truth is
bound to triumph ultimately. Gandhiji believed that
this dharma of non-violence could unite Indians.

Write a short note on The Jallianwala Bagh

massacre.

On 13 April, the Jallianwalla Bagh incident took

place. A large crowd gathered in the enclosed
ground of Jallianwalla Bagh. Some had arrived to
protest against the British government’s new
repressive measures, while others had come to
attend the annual Baisakhi festival. Coming from
outside the city, several villagers were unaware of
the martial law that had been imposed. General
Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and
commended an open fire on the crowd. This incident
killed hundreds. As he declared later, his objective
was to ‘produce a moral effect’, a feeling of terror
and awe in the minds of Satyagrahis.

Write a short note on The Simon Commission.

In 1928, The Simon Commission arrived in India. It

was greeted with the slogan ‘Go back, Simon’. All
political parties, including Congress and Muslim
League, participated in the protests. In October
1929, Lord Irwin, the viceroy, announced a vague
offer of ‘dominion status’ for India in an unspecified
future and suggested a Round Table Conference to
discuss a future constitution to win them over. The
Congress leaders were not satisfied.

Class 10 social science has a diverse syllabus,

making it hard to focus on the subject alone.
Leverage Edu has an extensive range of study
material, notes, and online study help for not only
Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes but for all the
other subject as well. You can also reach out to our
experts in case of any career-related query!

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