SUANKULARB WITTAYALAI SCHOOL

Document Report
Name (FULL NAME REQUIRED) Student Room Number
Leader 1. Thitikan Sinprasong 17
2. Chanathip Udomwongsak 4
3. Punyathorn Kansiri 11

Instruc/ons:
A. A3er the teacher gave you the file for revising the project. Write a laboratory report about the following:
A.1 Explain the new methodology.
A.2 Explain the new tes/ng procedures.
A2.1 Experimental Framework.
A.3 Explain the data collec/on.
A.4 Conclusions and recommenda/ons.
A.5 Evidence of work

First Revisions Formula

1.1 Materials
Figure 1 A table of materials and equipment in the original experimental research.
Materials Quantity
Water 350 mL
Gypsum powder 600 g
Eggshell powder 100 g
Coconut fiber 50 g
Rice husk ash 50 g
Sodium silicate (polyvinyl acetate, PVA) 100 mL
Fresh latex 100 mL
Linseed oil 50 mL
Sand 100 g
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Equipment Quantity
Mold (20 cm × 20 cm) 1
Beaker 8
Gloves 8
Mixing tub 1
Glass rod 1
Measuring cup 1
Weigh scale 1

1.2 Methodology
1. Prepare and measure all materials accordingly; use separate containers if possible.
2. Add the following solid materials:
a. 500g of gypsum powder
b. 30g of Musa acuminata fiber
c. 40g of Cocos nucifera husk
d. 50g of corn starch
3. Add the following liquid materials:
a. 800mL of water
b. 125mL of fresh latex glue
c. 100mL of polyvinyl acetate
4. Stir the ingredients until mixture appears coherent and concrete-gray, and becomes adherent.
5. Pour the mixture into the square mold and ensure the mixture is properly leveled to prevent
uneven surfaces in the drying process.
6. In a sunlight-abundant environment, dry the mixture for roughly 3 full days; extract the tile when
fully dried.

1.3 Testing Procedures

The experiment was never conducted; the board was no longer intact after mold extraction. The
researchers hypothesized an error in the choosing of materials and execution of the methodology.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
1.3.1 Experimental Framework
Figure 2 A flowchart representing the researchers’ experimental framework.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Second Revisions Formula
2.1 Materials
Figure 3 A table of materials and equipment in the revised experimental research.
Materials Quantity
Water 225±25 mL
Cement powder 600 g
Ground eggshell powder 100 g
Coconut fiber 50 g
Rice husk ash 50 g
Sodium silicate (polyvinyl acetate, PVA) 100 mL
Fresh latex 100 mL
Linseed oil 50 mL
Sand 100 g
Equipment Quantity
Mold (20 cm × 20 cm) 1
Beaker 4
Gloves 9
Mixing tub 1
Glass rod 1
Measuring cup 1
Weigh scale 1

2.2 Methodology
1. Prepare and measure all materials accordingly; use separate containers if possible.
2. Add the following solid materials:
a. 600g of gypsum powder
b. 100g of ground eggshell powder
c. 40g of coconut fiber
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
d. 50g of rice husk ash
e. 100g of sand
3. In a separate container, add the following liquid materials:
a. 225±25mL of water (adjust according to materials due to inconsistancy)
b. 100mL of fresh latex
c. 100mL of polyvinyl acetate
d. 50mL of linseed oil
4. Slowly and carefully pour the liquid mixture into the dry mixture to prevent unnecessary clumping.
5. Pour the mixture into the square mold and ensure the mixture is properly leveled to prevent
uneven surfaces in the drying process.
6. In a sunlight-frequent environment, dry the mixture for roughly 3 full days; extract the tile when
fully dried.

2.3 Testing Procedures

To see evidence with regards to the experimental procedures, kindly redirect to the Appendix chapter

Water Absorption
The cement tile is placed in a large circular bowl, in a way where its corners leave the tile and
the bottom of the bowl separate. A researcher periodically pours 250mL of water onto the tile until the
water submerges the tile by 1cm (the distance between the highest point of the tile and the surface of
the water). The bowl is drained after 270 minutes (7:30 AM – 12:00 PM), where the timer starts when
enough water is fulfilled, in a room temperature environment and the board awaits the next experiment
until fully dried.
Figure 4 A table representing the recordings in the Water Absorption experiment
Time duration Result
270 minutes
No physical damage detected.
After drying
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Compression Strength
A stool is placed on top of the cement tile, where its flatmost side is facing up, to ensure equal
spread of pressure. Then, a researcher adds a 500g sand weight every 1 minute, and documents any
damages/deformities. The experiment ends 10 minutes after 5 sand weights (0.5kg, 1kg, 1.5kg, 2kg, 2.5kg;
chair mass is excluded) are placed on the stool.
Figure 5 A table representing the recordings in the Compression Strength experiment
Applied mass Result
Chair + 0g
Chair + 500g
Chair + 1,000g
No physical damage detected.
Chair + 1,500g
Chair + 2,000g
Chair + 2,500g

Fire Resistance
The tile, placed over a wire gauze, is heated (at its bottom) with a Bunsen burner for 6 minutes.
The timer starts when the burner outputs a visible fire and the board is properly set on the mesh. For
reference, a stopwatch is used to determine its current time duration.
Figure 6 A table representing the recordings in the Fire Resistance experiment
Time duration Result
1 minute
2 minutes
3 minutes No physical damage detected.
4 minutes
5 minutes
6 minutes Eclipse of golden color at the bottom surface (charred marks).
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Flexual Strength
A string is placed over the tile, which is situated between two stools, and serves as a wedge.
Then, 500g sand weights are periodically attached to the string; the experiment ends when the cement
tile fully bends and is physically unable to support more weight. The string itself is not accounted for
the total weight applied to the board.
Figure 7 A table representing the recordings in the Flexual Strength experiment
Applied mass Result
500g
1,000g
No physical damage detected.
1,500g
2,000g
2,500g
3,000g Tile is slightly bending downwards.
3,500g
4,000g
Tile is visibly bending downwards.
4,500g
5,000g
Cracks on the side becomes visible as stress increases.
5,500g
6,000g The tile collaspes when the 12th sand weight is added.

Blunt Damage Resistance

The remains of the board, from the four procedures above, is thrown with utmost force to the
ground. This experiment ends when the tile shatters to insignificant portions.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Figure 8 A table representing the recordings in the Blunt Damage Resistance experiment
Throw height Result
Fixed height throw, no kinetic energy added
85 cm
170 cm No external damage.
220 cm
Forceful throw with external kinetic energy
1st throw
Tile has visible chipping on its sides.
2nd throw
3rd throw The tile shatters into four insignificant pieces.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
2.3.1 Experimental Framework
Figure 9 A flowchart representing the researchers’ experimental framework.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
2.4 Conclusion
The second formula had greatly exceeded the researcher's expectations, as seen in Chapter 3.
The combination of human-processed materials like concrete, linseed oil, latex, PVA glue, and natural
materials like Cocos nucifera husk, rice husk ash, sand, and eggshell powder made a durable, but less
environmentally friendly, ceiling board. This is affected by the addition of concrete powder and
decreases in natural materials in the second formula. But while the first formula was unable to perform
testing as its structural integrity was compromised, the second formula showed promising results in
terms of strength and durability during testing.

2.5 Recommendations
Further experiments with the second formula could be possible, like adjusting the amount of
Cocos nucifera husk and PVA glue. The formula could also replace said human-processed materials with
naturally processed materials, which will encourage the use of environmentally friendly and efficient
resources in ceiling boards. This could potentially lead to a more sustainable and eco-friendly alternative
for ceiling board production. Additionally, exploring different combinations of natural materials in the
formula may result in even stronger and more durable ceiling boards that may revolutionize the
construction industry.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

First Revision materials, fish case not included Mold, 20cm 20cm x 3cm

50 grams of rice husk ash 50 grams of coconut husk

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

50mL of linseed oil 100mL of fresh latex

100g of ground eggshell powder 300g of gypsum powder

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

100mL of sodium silicate (polyvinyl acetate) Mixing dry ingredients in a bowl

Slowly pouring the liquid mixture Pouring the mixture into a mold
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

Dry composite of First Revision After Data Collection chapter

Second Revision – liquid ingredients Mixing dry ingredients

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

100g of ground eggshell 50g of coconut husk

100g of sand 50g of rice husk ash

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

600g of cement powder 50mL of linseed oil

100mL of fresh latex 100mL of polyvinyl acetate

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

Pouring liquid ingredients into one mixture Mixing dry ingredients into one bowl

Pouring liquid mixture into the solid materials

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

Putting the mixture into the square mold

Pouring liquid mixture into the solid materials

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Materials and Methodology

Second Revision – finished product

Fire Resistance

A portion of the tile on a bunsen burner

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Fire Resistance

No visual change is seen after 10, 19 or 108

seconds in the Fire Resistance experiment
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Fire Resistance

No visual change is seen after 240 or 355

seconds in the Fire Resistance experiment.

The aftermath of the Fire Resistance

experiment. There is a slight eclispe-shaped
char on the tile, signifying a burnt mark. No
change in overall structure of the board.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Flexual Strength

1kg of sand weights hung from the tile. No visual

bends detected

Tile shows slight bending after 3kg.

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Flexual Strength

Tile shows apperant bending after 4kg.

The tile roughly bisects into two after 6kg of

sand weights.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Flexual Strength

The aftermath of the Flexual Strength

experiment.

Water Absorption

The start of the Water Absorption experiment.

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Water Absorption

Tile after a 4-hour submersion in water.

The aftermath of the Water Absorption

experiment. No water absorption is detected
and the tile sustained the same mass after
drying process.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Compression Strength

Tile under a chair and 3kg of sand weights

The aftermath of the Compression Strength

experiment. The tile received no damge towards
physical structure nor shape.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Blunt Damage Resistance

The tile dropped from 85cm, about

the height of the laboratory desk.

After the 85cm drop; the tile is intact and no

damage is seen.
 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Blunt Damage Resistance

The tile dropped from 170cm, slightly above the

height of a researcher. No physical damage had
occurred to the tile

Dropping the tile from 220cm

 24AS306, Batch 2, Group 4
Appendix

Blunt Damage Resistance

Tile on the floor, after the 220cm drop.

The aftermath of the Blunt Damage Resistance

experiment. The tile receives small chipping on
its sides, but kept most of its structure
unharmed.