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Vedant Sept BTP Report

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14 views

Vedant Sept BTP Report

Uploaded by

pimplevedant35
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name : Vedant Pimple Roll no: 210005051

Hydrothermally Grown W18O49 Nanowires on FTO for Enhanced Gas


Sensing Applications

1. Introduction
Advanced gas sensing technologies have been developed to mitigate the effects of
environmental pollution on public health. Traditional metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are
frequently employed in gas sensors because to their exceptional stability and sensitivity.
However, they are characterised by high working temperatures and inadequate selectivity. [1,2]
Our research is focused on the synthesis of Tungsten dioxide (W18O49) nanowires that are
coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates. These nanowires are synthesised
using the hydrothermal method, which allows for the precise control of their growth. This
process enhances the surface area and active sites, which are essential for gas sensing. [3] In
contrast to conventional MOS sensors, W18O49/FTO sensors provide superior selectivity, lower
operating temperatures, and faster response times, rendering them highly effective for real-time
monitoring and industrial applications. Consequently, they surpass the constraints of
conventional MOS-based sensors.

2. Experimental Section
2.1 Etching of FTO substrate
First, to etch the FTO substrate, use adhesive tape or an acid-resistant marker to mask the areas
that should remain conductive. Prepare an etchant solution by mixing 0.1 to 0.5 g of zinc
powder with 5 to 10 mL of 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and apply this to the unmasked parts
of the FTO glass. Allow the solution to react for 2–10 minutes, monitoring the etching process
as the FTO layer dissolves, revealing the transparent glass beneath. After etching, thoroughly
rinse the glass with deionized water to remove any residual acid, and carefully remove the tape
or marker. Clean any adhesive residue with ethanol or isopropanol, then dry the glass
completely using nitrogen gas, an air blower, or air-drying in a clean environment.

Figure 1. Patterning of FTO substrate


2.2 Solution Preparation
To begin the synthesis, 40 mL of deionized water was mixed with 6 mL of ethanol to create a
solvent mixture. Then, 2.3 grams of sodium tungstate dihydrate (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O) were added
and stirred for 30 minutes to form a homogenous precursor solution. The pH was adjusted to
1.2 by adding a 2 M HCl solution dropwise, promoting the precipitation of tungstic acid. Next,
0.612 grams of potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) and 0.50 grams of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) were
incorporated, and the mixture was stirred for an additional hour to ensure uniform dispersion
before proceeding with the hydrothermal process.

2.2 Synthesis of W18O49 Nanowires via Hydrothermal method


To initiate the hydrothermal growth of W18O49 nanowires, the FTO substrate was etched and
masked with Teflon tape to expose specific areas for nanowire growth. The prepared substrate
was immersed in a precursor solution containing tungsten ions and then placed in a Teflon-
lined autoclave for a 16-hour reaction at 180°C, promoting uniform growth of W18O49
nanowires. After cooling, the substrate was washed with ethanol and deionized water to remove
impurities, then dried at 80°C for 10 hours. The W18O49-coated substrate was then ready for
further characterization and performance evaluations.
Name : Vedant Pimple Roll no: 210005051

Figure 2. Schematic representation of the solution preparation and synthesis process for
W18O49 nanowires using the hydrothermal method.

3. Results and Discussion


3.1 Morphological Characterization

Figure 3. Low and High magnification FESEM images of FTO/W18O49 Nanowires.

The SEM images reveal the distinct elongated and cylindrical shape of W18O49 nanowires,
showcasing their uniform and smooth characteristics indicative of a homogeneous growth
process beneficial for gas sensing applications. Minor roughness on some nanowires suggests
a potential for enhanced gas adsorption due to increased effective surface area, which is crucial
for improving sensor sensitivity. The observation of nanowires being tightly packed yet
occasionally bundled or entangled hints at the influence of post-processing or growth dynamics
on their arrangement.s

These nanowires display hallmark features of W18O49 development, such as their random
orientation and some with tapered ends. These could enhance field-effect responses in gas
sensing by providing additional interaction sites for gas molecules. The consistent uniformity
and absence of defects underscore a robust and reliable growth process, making these
nanowires ideal candidates for high-performance gas sensing technologies.
Name : Vedant Pimple Roll no: 210005051

3.2 Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX)

Fig. 4 EDX images of W18O49 nanowires

The EDX analysis detailed in the study showcases the practical synthesis of W18O49 nanowires,
highlighting their homogeneous, porous structure and uniform elemental composition of
tungsten (W) and oxygen (O), with atomic percentages aligning with the expected 22.7% W
and 77.3% O. This analysis not only confirms the nanowires' composition as pure tungsten
oxide but also underscores their potential for high-performance applications in catalysis and
energy storage, thanks to their high-quality synthesis process. The uniform distribution of
elements, absence of impurities, and detailed structural insights indicate a successful synthesis
method, making these nanowires promising candidates for application areas that demand
consistent material properties.

4. Future Plans
After the successful synthesis of W18O49 nanowires on FTO glass, the subsequent step of
this research entails the structural characterization, manufacturing of the gas sensor device,
and systematic evaluation of its performance.. The following are the specific future steps:

a. XRD characterization, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, and cross-sectional morphology are


the methods used to characterize the produced materials.

b. Measurements of Gas Sensing: A gas-sensing performance test will be conducted on


the constructed device in the presence of ammonia, ethanol, carbon dioxide, and
Name : Vedant Pimple Roll no: 210005051

carbon monoxide. The gas-sensing properties, including the limit of detection, long-
term stability, response time, selectivity, response time, and selectivity, will be
determined by the analysis of the measurements.

c. Comparison with Existing Sensors: The performance of the results will be


benchmarked against existing gas sensors. This will serve to emphasize the benefits
of W18O49 nanowires in terms of overall efficiency, response time, and sensitivity.

References
[1] M.K. Tiwari, S. Chand Yadav, A. Kanwade, J.A. Kumar Satrughna, S.M. Rajore, P.M.
Shirage, Advancements in lanthanide-based perovskite oxide semiconductors for gas
sensing applications: a focus on doping effects and development, Analytical Methods
15 (2023) 5754–5787. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ay01420g.
[2] M.K. Tiwari, S.C. Yadav, A. Srivastava, A. Kanwade, J.A.K. Satrughna, S.S. Mali, J.
V. Patil, C.K. Hong, P.M. Shirage, Enhancement of CO gas sensing performance by
Mn-doped porous ZnSnO3 microspheres, RSC Adv 12 (2022) 32249–32261.
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ra06785d.
[3] O. Alev, E. Şennik, N. Kilinç, Z.Z. Öztürk, Gas sensor application of hydrothermally
growth TiO2 nanorods, in: Procedia Eng, Elsevier Ltd, 2015: pp. 1162–1165.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.747.

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