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APPLIED PHYSICS Lab Report 4

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APPLIED PHYSICS Lab Report 4

Uploaded by

noshairwankhan667
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Applied Physics (PHY-102) Lab
Lab Demonstrators: Sir Umer Farooq Ma’am Sonadia
Lab 04: Gas LawS

School: SEECS Date: 22/10/2024


Semester: 1st Section: BEE-16A

Group Members:

Group C
Sr. No Name Reg. No
1. Irsa Batool 518331

2. Menahil Aarif 503780

3. Fatiha Sheikh 511246

4. M. Mustafa Naqvi 502753

5. Noshairwan Haider 507575

6. Arham Malik 515427


2

GAS LAWS
Abstract:
The goal of this experiment was to investigate
the relation between pressure and volume at
constant temperature. A closed system with a
fixed quantity of gas was subjected to
alterations in volume while pressure
measurements were recorded. The apparatus
included a sealed container connected to a
piston, allowing for volume adjustments.
Pressure was checked using a pressure gauge.
By changing the volume and noting the
corresponding pressure data, a clear
relationship emerged, illustrating the
fundamental principles of Boyle's Law. The
results showed that as the gas volume
decreased, the pressure increased predictably,
and vice versa, confirming the inverse
relationship between pressure and volume. This
3

experiment provides important insights into gas


behavior and the fundamental principles that
govern their properties.
In the another experiment, the effect of
temperature on the pressure of a gas at constant
volume was investigated. A fixed amount of gas
was contained within a sealed vessel, and the
temperature was varied while pressure
measurements were taken. The setup involved
an insulating jug of warm water, with cooler
water added to adjust the temperature, similar
to a water bath, and monitored using a
thermometer and pressure gauge. The data
collected revealed a direct relationship between
temperature and pressure, consistent with
Charles's Law. As the gas temperature
increased, the pressure also rose proportionally,
and vice versa. This experiment reinforces the
concept that, at constant volume, the pressure of
a gas is directly related to its temperature.
Understanding this relationship is vital for
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various industrial and scientific applications,


such as gas behavior in engines and
manufacturing processes.

Theory:
Experiment 1: In the 1st Experiment, student
visualized Boyle’s law using a gas syringe and
pressure sensor. Boyle's law is a gas law that
states that a gas's pressure and volume are
inversely proportional.

Boyle’s Law: 𝑷𝑽 = 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕


Where P is Pressure and V is Volume.

The volume of gas is equal to volume of gas


syringe and can be calculated with formula:
𝑮𝒂𝒔 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 = 𝝅𝒓 𝟐𝒉
5

Where r
represents Radius of Cylinder And h represents
Height of Cylinder.
When the volume of the syringe is changed by
moving the piston, a change occurs in the
pressure exerted by the confined gas. This
pressure change will be monitored using a Gas
Pressure Sensor. It is assumed that temperature
will be constant throughout the experiment.

As the volume of gas syringe is decreased,


number of collisions of gas molecules against
the syringe’s wall increases causing the
pressure of the gas to increase hence the inverse
relation between pressure and volume.

Experiment 2:
In the 2nd Experiment, students conducted
experiment related to Charles Law. Charles law
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states that the volume of an ideal gas is directly


proportional to the absolute temperature at
constant pressure.

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆/𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
Charles Law:

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏t.
=

As cold water is added to warm water, the


temperature of water decreases. The air
chamber submerged in water shows decrease in
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volume. This happens because as the gas


molecules in syringe loses kinetic energy. This
shows volume also decreases as temperature
decreases.

Experiment 1: Boyle's law

Apparatus:
 Gas syringe
 Pressure measuring system
 Pressure sensor

Procedure:

1. The gas syringe was taken to highest volume


and a pressure sensor was attached to it.
8

2. Pressure sensor was linked to computer


interface and software to measure pressure was
used.

3. Different readings of pressure were taken by


varying the volume (pushing the gas syringe to

4. A graph was plotted to test the inverse


relation between Pressure and Volume.

TABLE :

Pressure Volume
1 125 0
2 88 3
3 70 6
4 56 9
5 50 12
9

6 44 15
7 40 18
8 37 21
9 34 24

Graph :
10

Conclusion:
As discussed before, Pressure and Volume is
inversely proportional and as we can see, the
values measured proved this. The plotted graph
is also an inverse relation graph. We can say
the experiment was successful and the relation
was confirmed.

Experiment 2: Charles’s Law

Apparatus:
 Air chamber
 Thermometer
 Water (warm and moderate temperature)

Procedure:
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1. First of all, warm water is taken and


temperature is measured and noted down.
2. Air chamber is then submerged in the water
and height is measured and noted down by
which air is expanded.
3. Using cylinder’s volume formula (i.e πr 2h),
volume is calculated. Radius was mentioned on
the air chamber (1.625 cm).
4. Then colder water was poured in water used
before in small quantity so that temperature
may change.
5. Same process was repeated for different
values of temperature and a table was made. 6.
A graph was plotted to verify the relation
between volume and temperature
6. A graph was plotted to verify the relation
between volume and temperature.

Table :
12

Temp(C Height(mm Volume Volume(cm3


) ) (mm3) )
77 75 62186 62.186
1
65 71 58859 58.859
2
56 67 555443 55.543
3
54 63 52227 52.227
4
51 62 51398 51.398
5
47 58 48082 48.082
6
46 57 47253 47.253
7

Graph :
13

Conclusion:

To verify the relation of Volume and


Temperature, this experiment was conducted.
The values showed a constant trend as value of
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volume decreased as temperature was


decreased. By plotting the graph, we got a
straight line that proves the direct relation
between two variables.

DISSCUSSION :
We obtained quite accurate values as both
plotted graphs were ideal and the relations were
correctly proved. We learnt that Volume has
direct relation with Temperature and inverse
with Pressure. The values differ in a range and
after that they don’t show ideal behavior. Some
error in this experiment could be: Parallax
error while reading the values of volume in
experiment from syringe and while reading
values of height from air chamber in experiment
2. In experiment 2, air chamber already had
some height and initial height was not read
before starting the experiment. After the
experiment was done, chamber was left for
15

some time and then the value was taken but that
would not have been that accurate.

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