ELEC5570M Example Sheet University of Leeds

Quiz 1. 1: System Modelling

Please complete this example sheet in your own time. Though not assessed, you are encouraged to
attempt these questions as soon as possible so that your understanding on lecture materials can be
reinforced.

Formulae required for the following questions:

1
C
Voltage across capacitor, C: vC = i dt where i is the current flowing into C

di
Voltage across inductor, L: vL = L where i is the current flowing through L
dt

1) An RLC circuit is shown in Figure 1 and the system transfer function is derived using state-space
representation as follows:

i L R

Input Voltage Output voltage

C
vi vo

Figure 1

a) Write down the first order differential equation for

i) The current, i.

ii) The output voltage, vo

x = Ax + Bu
b) The circuit above can be described by state-space equations where the input
y = Cx + du
is vi and the output is vo. Obtain the A, B, C, d matrices for the state-space representation.

c) Use the results in b) to derive the transfer function Vo(s)/Vi(s)

ELEC5570M Example Sheet University of Leeds

[For the following two questions, you can use either the direct substitution or state space
representation to derive the transfer function]

2) The position control system for a spacecraft platform is governed by the following equations

d2p dp
+2 + 4p =
dt dt
v1 = r − p
d
= 0.6v 2
dt
v 2 = 7v1

The variables involved are as follows:

r(t) = desired platform position

p(t) = actual platform position

v1(t) = amplifier input voltage

v2(t) = amplifier output voltage

θ(t) = motor shaft position

Determine the transfer function P(s)/R(s).

3) A bridge-T network is often used in AC control systems as filter network. The circuit of one
bridge-T network is shown in Figure 2. Show that the transfer function of the network is

v2 1 + 2 R1Cs + R1 R2 C 2 s 2
=
v1 1 + (2 R1 + R2 )Cs + R1 R2 C 2 s 2

R2

C C
v1 v2
R1

Figure 2

[This question may be challenging as it involves large algebraic manipulation]

ELEC5570M Example Sheet University of Leeds

4) Using state-space representation method, find the transfer function Y(s)/ U(s) for the following
system equations

d 2 p (t )
+ p (t ) = u (t )
dt 2

4 p(t ) = y (t )

dp(t )
[Hint: Let the state variables be x1 (t ) = p(t ) and x2 (t ) = x1 (t ) = ]
dt

5) A single-input, single-output system is described by

0 1  1
x (t ) =   x(t ) +  u (t )
 − 1 − 2 0 
y (t ) = 0 1x(t )

Y (s)
Obtain the transfer function G ( s ) = U ( s) and determine the response of the system to a unit
step input.

6) An inverting amplifier shown in Figure 3 has an input-output voltage transfer function given as

Vo ( s ) Z
=− 2
Vi ( s ) Z1

where Z1 and Z2 are the circuit impedances.

Z2

Z1
vi(t) ─
vo(t)
+

Figure 3

V2 ( s )
Determine the transfer function for the amplifier shown in Figure 4. Note that for a resistor of R,
V1 ( s )
1
Z(s) = R and for a capacitor of C, Z ( s ) = . If ZA(s) and ZB(s) are connected in parallel, the
Cs
Z A (s)Z B (s)
effective impedance is Z T ( s ) = . If they are in series, Z T ( s) = Z A ( s) + Z B ( s) .
Z A ( s) + Z B ( s)
ELEC5570M Example Sheet University of Leeds

R2

C2 Ra

R1 C1
v1(t) ─ Ra
─
v2(t)
+
+
Figure 4

7) The transfer function of a second order system is given by

F (s) 2
= 2 .
U ( s ) 5 s + 3s

(a) Show that this system can be described by the state-space equation written as
0 1  0
x =   x +  u . How is the output related to all the elements of the state
0 − 0.6 0.4
vector, x?

(b) Using a feedback loop, the output of this system is regulated by adjusting u according to
the following relationship:

u = r − k1 k 2 x .

k1 and k2 are the adjustable feedback gains, and r is the desirable system output.
Determine the closed-loop transfer function for this system.