Sistemas Automóveis

Automotive Systems
Overview

Mário Alves ([email protected])

27 de setembro de 2016 | 1
 Sistemas Automóveis
Automotive Systems – Outline

Main Systems Supporting Systems Auxiliary Systems

1. Body & Chassis 12. Charging 18. Active Safety
2. Engine 13. Starting 19. Passive Safety
3. Fuel 14. Lighting & Signalling 21. Security
4. Exhaust 15. Ignition 22. HVAC
5. Lubrication 16. Pre-Heating 23. Infotainment
6. Cooling 17. In-vehicle Comm. 24. Interior Lighting
7. Drivetrain ... 25. V2X Communications
8. Steering 26. On-Board Diagnosis
9. Braking
10. Suspension
11. Wheels & Tires

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Underlined topics will be addressed more thoroughly in the SIAUT course

 Sistemas Automóveis
1. Body and Chassis

• Body (aka Autobody) is the outer fiberglass/metal shell of an

automobile (as opposed to the chassis)
• http://www.dictionary.com/browse/auto-body
• Chassis (aka Vehicle Frame), is the main supporting structure
of a car, i.e. a frame upon which the main parts of an
automobile are built
• http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chassis
• The construction design can be:
• Body-on-Frame (separated chassis and body)
• Unibody (integrated chassis and body)

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https://youtu.be/IhbXPzPlzNI
 Sistemas Automóveis
1. Body and Chassis

• Unibody construction
• Most road cars today utilize unibody construction, i.e. the body of the
car is integrated with the chassis.

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https://www.quora.com/What-does-the-chassis-of-a-car-look-like
 Sistemas Automóveis
1. Body and Chassis

• Body-on-Frame construction
• Trucks may use body-on-frame construction, i.e. the body just sits on
top of the chassis.

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http://http://gwagendays.com/vehicle/
 Sistemas Automóveis
2. Engine

• Road vehicle Engines

• Internal Combustion (ICE)
• Air/fuel combustion occurs inside a cylinder
• Reciprocating or Rotary piston movement
• Spark Ignition (SI) or Compression Ignition (CI)
• 2/4-stroke cycle
• Hybrid
• ICE + Electrical
• Series/Parallel
• Electric
• DC/AC

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https://xorl.wordpress.com/2011/03/05/the-basics-of-4-stroke-internal-combustion-engines/
 Sistemas Automóveis
3. Fuel System

• Main components (for SI and CI)

• Fuel tank
• Fuel pump(s)
• Fuel filter
• (Fuel accumulator)
• Fuel injectors

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http://bilan.dynu.com/fuel-system-diagram
 Sistemas Automóveis
4. Exhaust System

• Objective
• route exhaust gases from the engine, safely, silently and such that gas
emissions do not harm humans nor the environment
• Components
• catalytic converters + particulate filters, to reduce emissions of
pollutants,
• Mufflers, for noise attenuation,
• exhaust manifold, pipes,…

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https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/diesel_exh_sys.php#intro
 Sistemas Automóveis
5. Lubrication System

• Objective
• Lubricating the moving parts of an ICE
• Cooling
• Components
• Oil pan
• Pickup screen
• Oil pump
• Oil filter
• Oil galleries/nozzles
• Oil pressure indicator
• Oil level indicator

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http://schoolworkhelper.net/car-oil-lubrication-system-overview/
 Sistemas Automóveis
6. Cooling System

• Objective
• keep the engine at its most efficient operating temperature, at all
speeds and under all operating conditions
• Components
• Radiator
• Fan
• Water pump
• Thermostat

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http://teresasgarage.com/automotive-411/engines-cooling-system/teresasgarageonlinestore
 Sistemas Automóveis
7. Drivetrain (Power Transmission System)

• Objective
• to transfer engine power to the driving wheels, enabling a smooth and
optimal operation at all driving
• Components
• (Crankshaft), Flywheel, Clutch, Gearbox
• Propeller/Drive-Shaft, Differential, Front/Rear Axles

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http://www.wikipedy.com/free_car_facts_about_automobiles_associations.htm
 Sistemas Automóveis
8. Steering System

• Objective
• to enable the driver to steer the wheel, safely and smoothly
• Components
• drive wheel, steering column/shaft, rack/pinion steering gear
• (power steering reservoir, pump and hoses)

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http://repairpal.com/power-steering
 Sistemas Automóveis
9. Braking System

• Objective
• to enable the driver to reduce the vehicle’s speed, safely and smoothly
• Components
• Brake pedal, master cylinder, combination valve, drum/disk brakes,
tubes/hoses

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http://repairpal.com/power-steering
 Sistemas Automóveis
10. Suspension System

• Objective
• maximize friction between tires and road
• guarantee steering stability
• maximize passengers comfort
• Components
• springs
• shock Absorbers (dampers)
• torsion bars
• anti-sway/anti-roll bars

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http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-suspension4.htm
 Sistemas Automóveis
11. Wheels and Tires

• Objective
• robust, lightweight
• maximize friction with road, during acceleration and braking
• guarantee steering, acceleration and braking stability
• minimize rolling noise
• under different road and weather conditions
• for tens of thousands of km
• Components

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http://www.3dartistonline.com/image/12680/tire_cutaway
 Sistemas Automóveis
12. Charging System

• Objective
• Supply all required energy for the electrical and electronic systems
• Robust, light
• Components
• Battery
• Alternator
• Voltage Regulator
• Fuses/cables
• Ignition switch
• Drive Belt

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http://motorist.org/articles/battery-information
 Sistemas Automóveis
13. Starting System

• Objective
• Driving the ICE (at 80-100 RPM) so as to initiate the engine's
operation under its own power.
• Components
• Battery
• Ignition Switch (Start)
• (Flywheel/Ring Gear)
• (Drive) Pinion Gear
• Starter Motor (or Starter)
• Starter Solenoid/Relay

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http://motorist.org/articles/battery-information
 Sistemas Automóveis
14. Lighting & Signaling Systems

• Objective
• light the roadway for the driver and allow others to see the vehicle's
presence, position, size, direction, and the driver's intentions regarding
direction and speed
• Components
• Headlights, Taillights, Stoplights, Front/Rear Fog-lights, Turning
lamps, Reversing lamps

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http://www.car-lighting-selector.com/en/features.html
 Sistemas Automóveis
15. Ignition System (for SI engines)

• Objective
• Ignite the air/fuel mixture in Spark Ignition (SI) ICEs
• Components
• Battery
• Spark Plugs
• (High Voltage Cables)
• Ignition Coil(s)
• (Distributor)
• Igniter(s)
• ECU
• Sensors

27 de setembro de 2016 | 33

http://repairpal.com/ignition-system
 Sistemas Automóveis
16. Preheating System (for CI engines)

• Objective
• Pre-heat the pre-chamber (indirect injection) or combustion chamber
(direct injection) to aid starting Compression Ignition engines
• Components
• Battery
• Glow Plugs
• High Current Cables
• Relay(s)
• (voltage divider resistor)
• ECU
• Sensors

27 de setembro de 2016 | 35

http://www.tb-training.co.uk/MarineE07.html
 Sistemas Automóveis
17. In-vehicle Communications

• Objective
• enable inter-communication between sensors, controllers and actuators
• Examples
• CAN
• FlexRay
• LIN
• MOST
• Bluetooth

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http://www.renesas.eu/applications/automotive/technology/networking/index.jsp
 Sistemas Automóveis
18. Active Safety Systems

• Objective
• Help (the driver) to prevent accidents
• Examples
• Braking
• Traction
• Cruise speed
• Vehicle Stability
• Obstacles detection
• Driver’s attention
• Ergonomics
• …

27 de setembro de 2016 | 38

http://www.kestrelradarsensors.com/doppler-radar/
 Sistemas Automóveis
19. Passive Safety Systems

• Objective
• Protect people (occupants, pedestrian) injury upon accident
• Examples
• Seatbelts
• Airbags (int/ext)
• Headrests
• Car structure
• Car body/glasses
• Baby chairs
• …

27 de setembro de 2016 | 39

http://www.motorward.com/2012/03/volvo-v40-pedestrian-airbag-technology-explained/
 Sistemas Automóveis
20. Security Systems

• Objective
• Protect/discourage violation of the vehicle/occupants
• device installed in a vehicle in an attempt to discourage theft of the
vehicle itself, it
• Examples
• Door lock
• Alarm
• Cybersecurity
• …

27 de setembro de 2016 | 40

https://gigaom.com/2013/08/06/ciscos-remedy-for-connected-car-security-treat-the-car-like-an-enterprise/
 Sistemas Automóveis
21. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems

• Objective
• Control cabin temperature and humidity
• Components
• Radiator
• Water pump & valve
• A/C belt & compressor
• Ventilation fan & hoses
• ECU & sensors

27 de setembro de 2016 | 41

http://repairpal.com/heating-ac
 Sistemas Automóveis
22. Infotainment Systems

• Objective
• Providing Information and Entertainment services to occupants
• Examples
• Dashboard, navigation, traffic/weather, multimedia, HUD,…

27 de setembro de 2016 | 42

http://telematicswire.net/parrot-signs-rear-seat-infotainment-deal-with-a-german-car-maker-for-their-4-door-sports-car/
 Sistemas Automóveis
23. Interior Lighting Systems

• Objective
• Providing lighting to occupants, inside the vehicle

27 de setembro de 2016 | 43

http://averagejoerestoration.com/1966-mustang-wiring-diagrams/
 Sistemas Automóveis
24. Accessories Control Systems

• Objective
• Electrical  automatic  integrated
operation of different accessories
• Examples
• Doors/trunk
• Windows, roof/convertible top
• Mirrors adjustment
• Wipers/washers
• Window/mirror defoggers
• Headlights leveling
• Seats adjustment/heating

27 de setembro de 2016 | 44

http://qnxauto.blogspot.pt/2014/01/qnx-at-ces-key-fob-on-steroids.html
 Sistemas Automóveis
25. V2X Communication Systems (Telematics)

• Objective
• Share critical real-time information between vehicles (V2V), road
infrastructure (V2I) and pedestrian, for improved safety, security,
traffic flow, comfort, entertainment, remote diagnosis…
• Examples
• Collision mitigation (lane change, brake, intersection)
• Traffic signs scheduling
• Remote diagnosis
• Emergency assistance

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http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/4/3/380/htm
 Sistemas Automóveis
25. Vehicle Diagnostics/Inspection Systems

• Objective
• Facilitate, automate and normalize vehicle diagnosis/inspection
through appropriate standards, procedures and tools
• Examples
• On-Board Diagnosis
• Remote Diagnosis
• Test & Measurement tools
• Periodic Vehicle Inspection

27 de setembro de 2016 | 46

http://www.bosch-presse.de/presseforum/details.htm?txtID=4789&locale=en
 Sistemas Automóveis
Glossary (English  Portuguese)

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 Sistemas Automóveis
Bibliography

[1] http://www.slideshare.net/ShobhitGosain1/defining-automotive-technology-by-
soulsteer
[2] http://www.howdoesacarwork.com/
[3]

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