Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF HRM

AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

Lecturers:
Tran Nien Tuan (PhD)
Su Ngoc Diep (PhD)
 The objectives of chapter 1

To provide:
1. The overview of tourism industry
2. Definitions of HRM, HR functions and activities
3. HR challenges in hospitality and tourism industry
4. HRM trends in 2022 and 2023
5. Necessary skills for working in HRM
1.1 Overview of travel, tourism and hospitality organizations

labor intensive
 Number of travel and tourism jobs worldwide
from 2019-2021 (in millions)

 Tourism is a major source of

employment
 One job in the core tourism sector
creates about one-and-a-half additional or
indirect jobs in the tourism-related
economy.
 Overall tourism accounts for one in ten
jobs worldwide.
 ‘Accommodation and restaurants’,
togeher with ‘private sector services’, will
create jobs at the fastest rate among all
sectors in the economy.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1268465/number-of-travel-and-tourism-jobs-worldwide/#:~:text=Travel%20and%20tourism%3A%20em
ployment%20worldwide%202019%2D2021&text=In%202021%2C%20the%20number%20of,(COVID%2D19)%20pandemic.
1.2 Human resource management (HRM)
1.2.1 Resource

What does an organization have available to achieve goals?

Examples:
 People (human resources)
 Money
 Time
 Machinery
 Processes and procedures,
 Energy (e.g., utilities)
 Products (e.g., food, beverages)
1.2 Human resource management (HRM)
1.2.1 Resource

Physical: buildings, land, furniture,

computers, vehicles, equipment…

Financial: cash,
stocks, bonds, debt

Intellectual: information
systems, designs,
operating processes, copyrights
What words will jump into your mind
when talking about human resource
“HR”?
1.2 Human resource management (HRM)
1.2.2 Human capital (Intellectual capital)

The collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life

experiences and motivation of organization’s workforce
1.2 Human resource management (HRM)
1.2. Principles to develop human capital
 Recognize the importance of human capital to business success
 Closely link human capital programs to organizal performance
 Focus on your current business needs rather than always benchmarking the
best practices of other firms
 Make sure the human capital plans match the best practices that are selected
 Be future-oriented in your planning to anticipate new human capital needs
 Give managers a voice in and allow them to lead human capital programs
 Be ready to alter plans a situations unfold, be flexible
 Prioritize human capital planning and don’t invest in too many initiatives
 Be sure to track the value of human capital investment and monitor how they
can affect customers
1.2 Human resource management (HRM)
1.2.3 Definition of HRM

HRM: Processes used by a hospitality organization to enhance its

performance by effectively using all of its staff members

Source: Hayes & Ninemeier (2016, p.4)

HRM: designing formal systems in an organization to manage human

talent for accomplishing organizational goals

>>>> how to recruit, deploy, develop, reward and motivate staff, l

leading to them being a source of competitive advantage.
1.3 HR activities and HR functions
1.3.2. HRM fuctions

• Strategy and planning

• Equal employment opportunity
• Staffing
• Talent management
• Rewards
• Risk management and worker
protection
• Employee and labor relations
1.3 HR activities and HR functions
1.3.2. HRM fuction based on level of management
1.3 HR activities and HR functions
1.3.2 HR Activities

External influences: Legislation, competition, consumer preferences,

demographics, global issues, ethical concerns, economy, employee unions

Internal influences: Policies, work procedures, corporate culture, long-and

short-term plans, management judgement and experience
1.3 HR activities and HR functions
1.3.2 HR Activities
Recruting and selecting
 Recruiting: Using tactics and procedures to attract applicants to the
organization
 Selecting: Choosing the best people from applicants
Training and development
 Preparing new staff members to do required work, updating their
experiences peers and providing opportunities for all interested
employees to assume more responsible positions
Compensation and appraisal
 Pay and benefits. Performance appraisal provides input to help
employees attain on-the-job success that yield promotions with higher
compensation
Protection and communication
 Legal and procedural issues with safety and security concerns. Effective
communication across the organization
 Group discussions
CASE STUDY 1
1. What is the primary problem at the Ocean Edge Hotel? What tactics that
might address the problem can you identify?
2. What are the pros and cons of managing HR at a small property and of work
ing at a larger property with HR specialists?
https://study.com/blog/how-is-hr-in-small-businesses-different-from-large-
companies.html
1.4 Approaches to HRM
1.4.1 Approaches to HRM

‘Hard’ HRM ‘Soft’ HRM

= Human resource management = Human resource management
An instrumental and economically A humanistic and development a
rational approach to HRM or approach to HRM
A quantitatve and calculative approach
To gain competitive advantage To lead a mutual high commitment from
Maximize control while achieve the employees, high trust, high productivity
lowest possible labour cost
Labour: a community/ resource Employees: proactive and capable of
being developed and worthy of trust
and collaboration
1.4 Approaches to HRM

1.4.2 Approaches to HRM

Assignment 1
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13683500.2020.1863930
Analyze HRM approaches in HRM of hospitality and tourism business or
ganizations in the Covid-19 pandemic

- Read the paper

- Present your discussion on an A0 paper/ppt
- Prepare the presentation in 10 minutes at maximum

Additional resource: https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/hoteliers-human-res

ources-strategies
1.5 HR challenges in the tourism and hospitality industry
ASSIGNMENT 2
HRM CHALLENGES IN COVID-19
https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/winter2020
/pages/top-hr-challenges-in-the-hospitality-industry.aspx
https://insights.ehotelier.com/insights/2020/09/25/hospitality-hr-challenges-fac
ing-the-new-covid-19-world/
Analyze HRM challenges in HRM of hospitality and tourism business
organizations in the Covid-19 pandemic

- Read the links

- Present your discussion on an A0 paper
- Prepare the presentation in 10 minutes at maximum
ASSIGNMENT 3
Top HR Trends to Watch in 2022

https://alp.consulting/top-10-hr-trends-for-2022/

- Read the links

- Present your discussion on an A0 paper/ ppt file
- Prepare the presentation in 10 minutes at maximum
ASSIGNMENT 4
Top Hospitality HR Trends to Watch in 2023

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/top-hospitality-hr-trends-watch-2023-jo
an-sanz/?trk=pulse-article_more-articles_related-content-card

- Read the links

- Present your discussion on an A0 paper
- Prepare the presentation in 5 minutes at maximum
1.6 Skills of successful HR specialists

Develop a comprehensive list of the skills you believe may be commonly

shared by successful HR specialists.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNqFJzdl3TE&t=64s
1.7 HRM in the tourism and hospitality industry

10 HR trends to take into account for 2022

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0cdbesQ0tk

https://hrtrendinstitute.com/2021/11/22/10-hr-trends-for-2022-fro
m-adaptation-to-transformation/
1.7 HRM in the tourism and hospitality industry

10 HR trends to take into account for 2022

1. HR embraces complexity (Get rid of all those models)

2. HR as activists
3. HR for the ecosystem
4. The end of the employee
5. Metaverse
6. Forgiving technologies
7. Recruiting for diversity
8. Time for some real empathy
9. Life coaching provided by employers
10. The split of HR
1. HR embraces complexity (Get rid of all those models)
The Museum of HR (career paths, performance management
cycles, HR models, leadership models)

https://hrtrendinstitute.com/2021/02/15/the-collection-of-the-mus
eum-of-hr/

Models help to deal with complexity

>>> Solutions:
Embrace the complexity
Focusing on the burning issues of their organization and their solution
s
2. HR AS ACTIVISTS

•Earn trust (by doing what you promised to do)

•Influence and relate to others.
•Improvement through self awareness
•Helping shape the profession.

>>>> MAKE THE WORLD BETTER

>>> HR become a credible activist in the eyes of all

the stakeholders
3. HR FOR THE ECOSYSTEM
•The employees
•The flexible workforce
•Management
•The Supervisory Board
•Former employees
•Future employees (candidates)
•The clients and prospects
•Suppliers
•Educational institutions
•The local community
•Refugees
•Minority Groups
•Any other groups you can think of.
4. THE END OF THE EMPLOYEE

Some organisations use smoother words: partner, associate, collaborators. Ma

ny organisations use: Human Resources.

The workforce is already a lot more diverse than just employees.

5. Metaverse

The metaverse is a kind of all-encompassing virtual world, w

here people interact using avatars.
6. FORGIVING TECHNOLOGIES

HR technology and other technologies in the workplace are ofte

n not very flexible and forgiving.
7. RECRUITING FOR DIVERSITY

More diverse (and unbiased) recruiting.

8. TIME FOR SOME REAL EMPATHY

Putting people at first

Employees at the center
9. LIFE COACHING PROVIDED BY EMPLOYERS

Organisations are increasingly offering the people in their workforce life- c

oaching support.
Help people to cope better with the various aspects of life, at work and at h
ome. Areas could include health, finance, sustainability and housing.
10. THE SPLIT OF HR

Operations.

HR Strategy/ HR Advice/ HR Architects.

Employee (or people) success

1.5 HR challenges in the tourism and hospitality industry
ASSIGNMENTS
HRM CHALLENGES IN COVID-19
https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/winter2020
/pages/top-hr-challenges-in-the-hospitality-industry.aspx
https://insights.ehotelier.com/insights/2020/09/25/hospitality-hr-challenges-fac
ing-the-new-covid-19-world/
Analyze HRM challenges in HRM of hospitality and tourism business
organizations in the Covid-19 pandemic

- Read the links

- Present your discussion on an A0 paper
- Prepare the presentation in 5 minutes at maximum
ASSIGNMENT 4
Top Hospitality HR Trends to Watch in 2023

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/top-hospitality-hr-trends-watch-2023-jo
an-sanz/?trk=pulse-article_more-articles_related-content-card

- Read the links

- Present your discussion on an A0 paper
- Prepare the presentation in 5 minutes at maximum
HRM CAREER PATH AND NECESSARY SKILLS

https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=Ve-yLLZ0tpo
THANK YOU SO MUCH

Lecturers:
Tran Nien Tuan (PhD)
Su Ngoc Diep (PhD)