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PD

Uploaded by

christine.yukdawan
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Carl Rogers- “The organized, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs in oneself”

COMPONENTS
● Self image- physical characteristics (hair color, eye color, skin color), how you perceive
yourself
● Self esteem- value for yourself, opinion of yourself
● Ideal Self- future self, what you want, goal in life
HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT
-a process of self-actualization and learning that combines an individual’s mental, physical,
social, emotional, and spiritual growth
HOLISM
-an approach to understanding the human mind and behavior that focuses on looking at things
as a whole
MAIN COMPONENTS OF SELF
● Physical self- refers to our body and it parts, functions and the food that we intake or eat
● Cognitive self- the ability of our mind, way of absorbing information or learning, healthy
activities for our brain
● Emotional self- refers to the way we handle our emotions, feelings or react with certain
scenarios or events in our life
● Spiritual self- relationship to a higher being, religious activities, meditation and activities
that are good for our soul
● Social self- refers to the people we interact with, our personality in front of them and how
we deal with each behavior
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
-changes that we undergo as we grow older which includes our experiences and wisdom that
we have learned, developmental tasks and expected achievements in each stage
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
● Jean Piaget is the proponent of this theory
● Divided into 4 stages
1. Sensorimotor
-senses are developed at this stage
-object permanence is expected to develop
-0-2 y/o
2. Pre-Operational Stage
-pre-schooler 2-7 y/o
-uses symbols to represent things
-engaged in pretend play
-still egocentric at this stage
-imaginative and problems in mentally reversing actions
3. Concrete Operational
-elementary students 8-11 y/o
-children can learn the idea of conservation
-can only apply logic to concrete examples
4. Formal Operational Stage
-teenagers to adult 12 above
-are now able to reason logically and think abstractly
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
● Proposed by Sigmund Freud (Father of Psychoanalysis)
● Freud believes that humans have an erogenous zone
● FIXATION occurs when conflicts in each stage were not resolved
● 5 STEPS:
1. Oral Stage
Erogenous Zone: MOUTH
(ORAL) Fixation
Drinking, or thumb sucking
2. Anal Stage
Erogenous Zone: BOWEL AND BLADDER CONTROL
Toilet training is expected at this stage
3. Phallic Stage
Erogenous Zone: GENITALS
Children begin to discover the difference between a girl and a boy
4. Latency Stage
Erogenous Zone: SEXUAL FEELINGS are INACTIVE
Calm stage
Started to develop social skills
5. Genital Stage
Erogenous Zone: MATURING SEXUAL INTEREST
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
-how socialization, environment affects our development
ERIK ERIKSON
● An ego psychologist proponent of Psychosocial Development Theory
● Expanded/ improved version of Freud’s Psychosexual Dev’t Theory
● Focuses on children, socialization
● Believed that environment greatly affects one's development, personality or behavior
STAGES
1. TRUST VS MISTRUST
-best activity is feeding
-most fundamental stage in our life
-caretakers must be consistent
2. AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT
-2 to 3 years old
-toilet training is important
-the child starts to gain a little independence
-need to develop a sense of control over their body
3. INITIATIVE VS GUILT
-3 to 5 years old
-important event: exploration
-children begin to assert power and control over the world
-letting the child ask questions
4. INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
-6 to 11 years old
-important event: school activities, achievements and interaction
-children begin to develop sense of pride
-children need to cope new social and academic demands.
5. IDENTITY VS CONFUSION
-12 to 18 years old
-important event: social relationships
-developing a sense of identity
-teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity
6. INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
-18 to 40 years old
-important event: romantic relationship
-young adults need to form an intimate, loving relationship with other people
-covers period of young adulthood
7. GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
-40 to 65 years old
-important event: work and parenthood
-adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them
8. INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
-65 y/o to death
-important event: reflection in life
-at this point of life we will determine whether we lived happily or full of despair

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