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25 views

MOG 2023 Paper

Uploaded by

18321266659
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Olympiad for Girls

Wednesday 27 September 2023


Organised by the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust

supported by

Instructions
1. Do not turn over the page until told to do so.
2. Time allowed: 2 12 hours.
3. Each question carries 10 marks.
4. Questions 2 and 3 require answers only. The spaces for answers are clearly indicated on the
answer sheets.
5. Questions 1, 4 and 5 require full written explanations. If your solution involves calculations,
equations, tables, etc., explain where these come from and how you are using them. Explain
how the steps of your solution link together, and give full proofs of assertions that you make.
Answers alone will gain few marks (if any).
6. Partial marks may be awarded for good ideas, so try to hand in everything that documents
your thinking on the problem — the more clearly written the better.
However, one complete solution will gain more credit than several unfinished attempts.
7. Earlier questions tend to be easier. Questions have multiple parts. Often earlier parts
introduce results or ideas useful in solving later parts of the problem.
8. The use of rulers and compasses is allowed, but calculators and protractors are forbidden.
9. You may use rough paper to note down your ideas, but you should write up your solution on
the answer sheet provided for each question.
10. Start each question on an official master answer sheet that has a QR code on it.
You may use additional sheets (blank or lined paper only). On each additional sheet please
write the number of the question in the top left-hand corner, followed by the QR code digits
following the ’:’ symbol. Please do not write your name or initials on additional sheets.
11. Write on one side of the paper only.
12. Arrange your answer sheets in question order before they are collected. Please remove blank
answer sheets.
13. To accommodate candidates sitting in other time zones, please do not discuss the paper on
the internet until 08:00 BST on Saturday 30 September 2023.

Enquiries about the Mathematical Olympiad for Girls should be sent to:
[email protected]
www.ukmt.org.uk
Mathematical Olympiad for Girls Wednesday 27 September 2023

1. This question requires full written explanations.


𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a quadrilateral, with vertices labelled in anti-clockwise order, such that:
𝐴𝐵 is parallel to 𝐷𝐶,
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶, and
angle 𝐴𝐷𝐶 is equal to angle 𝐴𝐶𝐵.
(a) Draw a diagram to show this information. Your diagram need not be to scale, but you
should mark clearly equal lengths and angles.
(2 marks)
(b) (i) Prove that 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶 and that 𝐴𝐷 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶.
(ii) What type of quadrilateral is 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷? (8 marks)

2. This question requires answers only.


In this question, 𝑎𝑏𝑐 denotes a three-digit number with digits 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐.
(a) Write down all three-digit multiples of 3 which only contain digits 1, 2 and 3. Digits
can be repeated.
(3 marks)
(b) (i) Write down the values of 𝑏 for which 9𝑏 𝑏 < 1000.
(ii) Let 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 be non-zero digits. Find all three-digit numbers 𝑎𝑏𝑐 which satisfy
the equation
3𝑐 𝑐 + 6𝑎 𝑎 + 9𝑏 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐.

(7 marks)

3. This question requires answers only.


(a) Five identical coins are placed in the cells of a 3 × 3 grid so that there is at most one
coin in each cell and there is an odd number of coins in each row and each column.
(i) Show two examples of how this could be done.
(ii) In how many ways can this be done?
(3 marks)
(b) The numbers 1 to 9 are arranged in the cells of a 3 × 3 grid so that every row and every
column have an odd sum.
(i) Show two examples of how this could be done.
(ii) How many such arrangements are possible?
You do not need to multiply out your answer, and may write it as a product, such as
2 × 7 × 289 or 3 × 17.
(7 marks)

© UK Mathematics Trust 2023 www.ukmt.org.uk


Mathematical Olympiad for Girls Wednesday 27 September 2023

4. This question requires full written explanations.


A Pythagorean triple is a triple (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) of positive integers satisfying 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑧2 . A triple
is called primitive if no factor greater than 1 is shared by all of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧.
(a) Show that, for every positive integer 𝑛 ≥ 4, 𝑥 = 𝑛2 − 9, 𝑦 = 6𝑛 and 𝑧 = 𝑛2 + 9 form a
Pythagorean triple. Find one value of 𝑛 for which this triple is not primitive.
(2 marks)
(b) Show that, in any Pythagorean triple, 𝑥 and 𝑦 cannot both be odd.
(2 marks)
(c) Find all primitive Pythagorean triples in which two of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 differ by two.
Your solution must show that all the triples you found are primitive and that there are
no other possibilities.
(6 marks)
You may not quote any general formulae for Pythagorean triples without proof.

5. This question requires full written explanations.


(a) 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are real numbers, with 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑧 and

𝑥+𝑦=4
𝑦+𝑧=7

Let 𝑇 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧.
(i) Show that 𝑥 ≤ 2 and that 𝑇 = 11 − 𝑦.
(ii) Find the minimum possible value of 𝑇, giving one example of values of 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧
where this occurs.
(2 marks)
(b) 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 and 𝑒 are real numbers, with 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 ≤ 𝑐 ≤ 𝑑 ≤ 𝑒 and

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 =4
𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 =5
𝑐+𝑑+𝑒 =9

Let 𝑆 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒.
Find the minimum possible value of 𝑆, giving one example of values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 and 𝑒
where this occurs.
Your solution must fully justify why no smaller value of 𝑆 is possible.
(8 marks)

© UK Mathematics Trust 2023 www.ukmt.org.uk

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