Scribd
Upload
27 views43 pages

Exo VS Endo

Uploaded by

James Paul Velasco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views43 pages

Exo VS Endo

Uploaded by

James Paul Velasco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43

11th grade

DIFFERENCES OF
ENDOCYTOSIS
AND EXOCYTOSIS
General Biology 1
Learning Competency
● Differentiate exocytosis and endocytosis
(STEM_BIO11/12-Ig-h-14)
• Endocytosis and exocytosis are
the processes by which cells
move materials into or out of the
cell that are too large to directly
pass through the lipid bilayer of
the cell membrane.
• Large molecules, microorganisms
and waste products are some of
the substances moved through the
cell membrane via exocytosis and
endocytosis.
Why is bulk
transport
important for
cells?
There are materials that are too large to
pass through the cell membrane. There
are times when a cell will need to engulf
a bacterium or release a hormone. It is
during these instances that bulk
transport mechanisms are needed.
ENDOCYTOSIS
AND ITS
PURPOSES
ENDOCYTOSIS AND ITS PURPOSES
Endocytosis (endo = internal, cytosis
= transport mechanism) is a general
term for the various types of active
transport that move particles into a
cell by enclosing them in a vesicle
made out of plasma membrane.
ENDOCYTOSIS AND ITS PURPOSES
• Endocytosis occurs
when a portion of the
cell membrane folds in
on itself, encircling
extracellular fluid and
various molecules or
microorganisms.
• The resulting vesicle
breaks off and is
transported within the
cell.
ENDOCYTOSIS AND ITS PURPOSES
Endocytosis serves many purposes, including:
❑ Taking in nutrients for cellular growth, function and

repair: Cells need materials like proteins and lipids to


function.
❑ Capturing pathogens or other unknown substances that

may endanger the organism: When pathogens like


bacteria are identified by the immune system, they are
engulfed by immune cells to be destroyed.
❑ Disposing of old or damaged cells: Cells must be safely

disposed of when they stop functioning properly to prevent


damage to other cells.
What are the
types of
endocytosis?
TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS
1. Phagocytosis - also known as cell
eating, is the process by which cells
internalize large particles or cells,
like damaged cells and bacteria.
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Within the human body, and in other mammals,
phagocytosis is how immune cells engulf and destroy
dangerous microorganisms or toxic compounds.
STEPS IN PHAGOCYTOSIS
1. Particle become attached to
membrane evaginations called
pseudopodia.
2. Particle is ingested, forming
phagosome.
3. Phagosome fuses with
lysosome.
4. Lysosomal enzymes digest
captured material.
5. Digestion products are
released from cell.
TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS
2. Pinocytosis - also known as cell
drinking, is common in plant and
animal cells.
PINOCYTOSIS
During pinocytosis,
the cell takes in
substances from the
extracellular fluid
that it needs to
function.
These include things
like water and
nutrients.
PINOCYTOSIS
❑ Receptor-mediated
endocytosis is a
specialized type of
pinocytosis.
❑ Macromolecules bind
to receptors along the
surface of the cell’s
Cholesterol uptake is an example of
plasma membrane. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
STEPS IN PINOCYTOSIS
1. Molecules bind to receptors located along the
surface of the cellular membrane.
2. The plasma membrane folds in, forming a pinocytic
vesicle that contains the molecules and the
extracellular fluid.
3. The pinocytic vesicle detaches from the cell
membrane inside the cell.
4. The vesicle fuses with early endosomes where the
contents found within are sorted.
EXOCYTOSIS
AND ITS
PURPOSES
EXOCYTOSIS AND ITS PURPOSES
Exocytosis (exo = external, cytosis =
transport mechanism) is a form of bulk
transport in which materials are
transported from the inside to the
outside of the cell in membrane-
bound vesicles that fuse with the
plasma membrane.
EXOCYTOSIS AND ITS PURPOSES
Exocytosis serves the following purposes:
❑ Removing toxins or waste products from

the cell’s interior: Cells create waste or


toxins that must be removed from the cell to
maintain homeostasis. For instance, in
aerobic respiration, cells produce the waste
products carbon dioxide and water during
ATP formation. Carbon dioxide and water are
removed from these cells via exocytosis.
EXOCYTOSIS AND ITS PURPOSES
Exocytosis serves the following purposes:
❑ Facilitating cellular communication: Cells create
signaling molecules like hormones and
neurotransmitters. They are delivered to other cells
following their release from the cell through exocytosis.
❑ Facilitating cellular membrane growth, repair,
signaling and migration: When cells absorb materials
from outside the cell during endocytosis, they use lipids
and proteins from the plasma membrane to create
vesicles.
What are the
types of
exocytosis?
TYPES OF EXOCYTOSIS
1. Regulated Exocytosis – used in the
delivery of neurotransmitters and
hormones. The release of these
molecules from the cell is
controlled, or regulated, by
extracellular signals that cause
membrane depolarization.
TYPES OF EXOCYTOSIS
2. Constitutive Exocytosis – it
doesn’t require any extracellular
signals. The majority of molecules
traveling to the plasma membrane
do so using this pathway.
What are the
steps in
exocytosis?
1. A vesicle is formed,
typically within the
endoplasmic reticulum
and the Golgi apparatus
or early endosomes.
2. The vesicle
travels to the cell
membrane.
3. The vesicle fuses to the plasma membrane, during
which the two bilayers merge.
3. The vesicle fuses
to the plasma
membrane, during
which the two
bilayers merge.
4. The vesicle’s contents are released into the
extracellular space.
4. The vesicle’s contents
are released into the
extracellular space.
5. The vesicle either fuses with or separates from the
cell membrane.
After exocytosis,
some exocytotic
vesicles are
incorporated
into the plasma
membrane (full
vesicle fusion)
Others return to the interior of the cell
after their contents have been released (this
is termed the “kiss-and-run” pathway).
Others remain docked to the membrane,
where they can be used multiple times (the
“kiss-and-stay” path way).
Questions?
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution


Evaluation
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution


CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution


CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution


Thanks!
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik

Please keep this slide for attribution

You might also like