ProPhorce™ AC 299

Life begins with balance

The power of balance
Perstorp recognises that it is more important than ever to manage
your feed dietary electrolyte balance – without compromising
animal performance and feed efficiency. That is why we
developed ProPhorce™ AC 299.
ProPhorce™ AC 299 is a highly available sodium source, as well as Sodium bicarbonate – 1.5 kg/ton
being a non-corrosive, dry acidifier. It is an economically efficient
ProPhorce™ AC 299 – 1.3 kg/ton
solution that replaces two products at once. It contains both sodium
ProPhorce™ AC 299 – 5.0 kg/ton
and formate that have a number of unique properties, as they:

• Manage the electrolyte balance in a cost-effective way.

Optimizing dEB has proven to enhance live weight gain. A B C
2.378 2.371 2.473
• Enhance the conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin,
a major enzyme involved in protein digestion.
Figure 1. Broiler live weights at day 35 with differing sodium sources
• Reduce the emptying rate of the stomach, resulting and levels. Treatments A and B are iso-sodium with dEB of 190 mEq.
in an improved nutrient digestibility. Treatment C with dEB of 240 mEq has significantly (p<0.01) improved
weight gain. Feed conversion ratios were similar between groups.
(ADAS, 2016)
• Control the enterobacterial load.

The importance of dEB

Many researchers have shown that in monogastric animals the
optimum dEB level is between 220 and 250 mEq in the diets. This Performance opportunity
level improves animal performance as measured by weight gain,
feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR). (Borges et al., Ensuring that the dEB of the diet is 240 mEq secures
2003, Nobakht et al., 2006, 2007) greater daily gain opportunity.

Proven efficiency in broilers 62 Broilers ADG

ProPhorce™ AC 299 is as effective as sodium bicarbonate as a
sodium source when dosed at iso-sodium levels. At higher levels 60

ProPhorce™ AC 299 can improve performance even further.

58

ProPhorce™ AC 299 is an ideal sodium source... 56

• Highly available sodium

• Increases dietary electrolyte balance 54

• Combats heat stress Dietary Electrolyte Balance (mEq)

52
100 120 200 240 360
...and an ideal feed acidifier
• Cost efficient
• Promotes gastric pH Figure 2. Optimum average daily gain performance is achieved at
• Inhibits pathogenic bacteria a dEB of 240 mEq for broilers. (Adapted from: Borges et al 2003)
Optimizing performance
ProPhorce™ AC 299 is an
ideal sodium source
Nutritionists usually optimize dEB through the addition of sodium
bicarbonate. However, basic chemistry shows that adding sodium
bicarbonate to an acidic solution will increase the pH and release
CO2 and water. This has a number of nutritional implications.
Firstly, any increase in gastric pH negatively affects the enzyme
pepsin, that requires a low gastric pH to work optimally. Secondly, FCR 11% 10% 16% 17%
any commercial acidifiers added to the diet can be effectively -12% Egg mass Production Shell Haugh
(kg) percentage thickness units
neutralised by sodium bicarbonate by up to 30%. So while
sodium bicarbonate provides sodium, this is either at the cost of
added acidifiers, digestive performance or both.
ProPhorce™ AC 299 is a source of sodium that is as effective as
sodium bicarbonate as shown in figure 1. Importantly it also
consists of formate, which in the presence of excess protons will Figure 3. Percentage improvement in performance and egg quality
parameters due to ProPhorce™ AC 299 fed at 2kg/ton of layer feed
be converted into formic acid effectively increasing total acid relative to negative control. (Youssef et al. 2013)
content, see figure 4.
Additionally formic acid and its salts have a bacteriostatic effect
on pathogenic bacteria (such as Salmonella and E. coli) in the
feed. As such, the passage of harmful bacteria into the small Best practice
intestine is reduced. This effect along with improved feed nutrient
absorption leads to an improved gut health and less chance of Make the most of your feed acidifier and minimize your
pathogenic bacterial growth. feed costs by carefully choosing your sodium source. See
the effects of two commonly used sodium sources in the
When balancing dEB, the choice of sodium source may affect
figure below.
other performance enhancers as well as total feed cost. While
sodium bicarbonate has the potential to increase gastric pH
and neutralize a substantial part of any added feed acidifier, 140%
Lactic acid %
ProPhorce™ AC 299 maintains gastric pH and further potentiates Formic acid %
120%
the acidifier effect.
100%
43%
43%
Optimizing layer performance 80%

Using ProPhorce™ AC 299 improves an number of important 60%

parameters for layer performance and egg quality. Figure 3 on 57%

57%
40%
the top right shows the effect of sodium formate given to layers 43%
43%
measured as percentage difference relative to a control where no 20%
product was given. 43%
43% 29%
29% 86%
86%
0%
Additionally, including ProPhorce™ AC 299 will increase calcium Control SBC ProPhorce™ AC 299
and phosphorous levels in the blood. This helps the hen maintain
Figure 4. Percentage index of acids remaining in a 20% feed in water blend
egg shell quality without compromising the hens metabolic measured by gas chromotography containing either:
balance of these ions.
Control – formic/lactic acid blend at 5 kg/ton of feed
SBC – Control with sodium bicarbonate at 2 kg/ton of feed
ProPhorce™ AC 299 – Control with ProPhorce™ AC 299 at 2 kg/ ton of feed
 How to calculate dEB
The dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is the balance between Na+,
K+ and Cl– in feed and is calculated as follows:
dEB (mEq) = Na/0.023 + K/0.039 – Cl/0.035 where Na, K and Cl is in g/kg Dry Matter

Contrary to popular belief salt changes dEB very little, here’s why:
1 kg NaCl= 390/0.023 + K/0.039 – 606/0.035 = 0.36 mEq

Compared to ProPhorce™ AC 299:

1 kg ProPhorce™ AC 299 = 340/0.023 + K/0.039 – Cl/0.035 = 14.78 mEq

Balance
One molecule can
change everything
Perstorp believes in improving everyday life – making it safer, more convenient,
more fun and more environmentally sound for millions of people all over the
world. As a trusted world industrial leader, our innovations provide essential
properties for products used every day at home and work. You’ll find us
everywhere from your car and mobile phone to towering wind turbines and the
local dairy farm. Simply put, we work to make good products even better.

Perstorp’s focused innovation builds on more than 135 years of experience,

representing a complete chain of solutions in organic chemistry, process
technology and application development. Manufacturing is based in Asia, Europe
and North America, with sales and support in all major markets. The Perstorp
Group is controlled by funds managed and advised by the European private
equity company PAI partners.

For more information, visit perstorp.com