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Test Bank
For Brock Biology of Microorganisms 16th Edition By
Madigan (All Chapters Complete Edition)
All Chapters 1-34
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Chapter 1 The Microbial World

1.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Microbial cells can exist as single cells.
B) Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
C) Microbial cells include both bacteria and viruses.
D) Microbial cells are surrounded by
a cytoplasmic membrane.
Answer: C

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I

2) Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Microorganisms are significant contributors to the total biomass on Earth.
B) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Earth's biomass than plants.
C) Microorganisms represent a much smaller amount of Earth's biomass than animals.
D) Microorganisms are significant in number, but not
in overall biomass.
Answer: A

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.1 Learning Objective: 1.I

3) Differential selection and decent with modification occurs during a process called
A) cellular differentiation.
B) evolution.
C) growth.
D) transforma
ti on.

Answer: B

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I
4) In what/which domain(s) of life is/are microorganisms represented?
A) Archaea
B) Bacteria
C) Eukarya
D) Archaea, Bacteria,
and Eukarya
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.4 Learning Objective: 1.I
5) Biological catalysts involved in the acceleration of the rate of chemical reactions are
called
A) catalytic converters.
B) growth agents.
C) evolutionary molecules.
D) enzym
e s.
Answer: D

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I

6) Regarding early life on Earth,

A) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life.
B) microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for
about the same amount oftime as plants.
C) microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time.
D) it is impossible to determine which type of
life first appeared.
Answer: A

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I

7) The person who described the "wee animalcules" was

A) Robert Hooke.
B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
C) Louis Pasteur.
D) Ferdinan
d Cohn.

Answer: B

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.7 Learning Objective: 1.II

8) Walther Hesse and pioneered the use of agar as a solidifying agent.

A) Louis Pasteur
B) Ferdinand Cohn
C) Robert Koch
D) Sergei
Winogradsk
y Answer: C

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III
9) Which of the following is/are characteristic of all cellular organisms?
A) Communication
B) Evolution
C) Motility
D) Communication, evolution,
and motility
Answer: B

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I

10) Deduce why viruses are excluded from the ribosomal RNA-based tree of life.
A) Some viruses contain multiple strands of RNA.
B) Their genetic elements cannot be sequenced.
C) They can infect other organisms, which complicates the genetic comparisons.
D) They lack
ribosomal RNA
(rRNA).
Answer: D

Bloom's Taxonomy: 5-6:

Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 1.15
Learning Objective: 1.IV

11) Louis Pasteur developed the vaccine(s) for

A) anthrax only.
B) fowl cholera only.
C) rabies only.
D) anthrax, fowl
cholera, and rabies.
Answer: D

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III

12) The discovery of antibiotics and other important chemicals led to the field of
A) industrial microbiology.
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section: 1.6
B) agricultural microbiology.
C) marine microbiology.
D) aquatic
microbiolog
y.

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section: 1.6

Answer: A

Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section: 1.6

Learning Objective: 1.I
13) Microbial sterilization is used to
A) decrease the possibility of contaminants growing in a culture.
B) kill bacteria but not necessarily viruses or other microbes.
C) kill all microbes in or on objects.
D) clean a
work
area.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III

14) Transparent double-sided dishes used for growing microbes are most commonly
called
A) Petri dishes.
B) baker dishes.
C) sterilization plates.
D) culture
medium plates.
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III

15) Microbes playing a role in nitrogen fixation in plants live in

, while those playing arole in the digestive tract of certain
herbivores live in .
A) rumens / nodules
B) nodules / rumens
C) nodules / fortrans
D) fortrans
/ rumens
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I

16) Which of the following is NOT an accomplishment of Louis Pasteur?

A) Determined that the alcohol-making process was mediated by
microbial fermentation andthus refuted the theory of
spontaneous generation
B) Developed enrichment culture techniques
C) Developed heat sterilization techniques that involved the
creation of a specialized swan-necked flask
D) Developed the first rabies vaccine and treated
thousands of individuals
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III
17) The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A) Louis Pasteur.
B) Robert Koch.
C) Robert Hooke.
D) Antoni
van
Leeuwenhoe
k. Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III

18) A Pasteur flask has a(n)

A) swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask.
B) double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
C) secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
D) inverted upper edge to prevent
spillage while swirling.
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III

19) Predict how Pasteur's conclusions on spontaneous generation with

swan flasks would have changed if he worked with and maintained the
flasks in a sterile laminar flow hood.
A) Sterilization of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to
reject spontaneous generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the
spontaneous generation hypothesis would have beensupported.
B) His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous generation.
C) Pasteur's flasks never would have putrefied, and the experiment
would not have refutedspontaneous generation.
D) Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would
have been unchanged.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 5-6:
Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 1.11
Learning Objective: 1.III
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section: 1.12
20) A pure culture
A) is sterile.
B) is a population of identical cells.
C) is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section: 1.12

D) contains
one microbial
cell. Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:

Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section: 1.12

Learning Objective: 1.III
21) Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate
A) green algae.
B) certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria.
C) certain sulfate-reducing bacteria.
D) green algae, certain nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria, and
certain sulfate- reducing bacteria.
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.13 Learning Objective: 1.III

22) Chemolithotrophy involves

A) oxidation of organic compounds.
B) oxidation of inorganic compounds.
C) reduction of organic compounds.
D) metabolic
autotroph
y.

Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.13 Learning Objective: 1.III

23) Developments in the fields of immunology and

medical microbiology were practicalextensions of the
work of
A) Sergei Winogradsky.
B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
C) Joseph Lister.
D) Robert
Koch.

Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III

24) Microbial control in wastewaters would most logically be a part of

A) microbial genetics.
B) aquatic microbiology.
C) medical microbiology.
D) bacteri
al
energetic
s. Answer:
B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I
25) Robert Koch contributed to the field of microbiology by being the first person to
A) develop the tuberculin test only.
B) formulate four postulates for definitively linking a
specific microorganism to a specificdisease only.
C) use agar as a solidifying agent in growth media only.
D) develop the tuberculin test, formulate four postulates for
definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease, and
use agar as a solidifying agent in growth
media. Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section:
1.12
Learning Objective: 1.III

26) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very difficult to stain because of the

A) presence of ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
B) location of the DNA within the cell.
C) large amounts of a waxlike lipids present in its cell wall.
D) lack of
a cell wall.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III

27) Louis Pasteur's most famous success was his work on

A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
B) the rabies vaccine.
C) optical isomers.
D) cultivation of
E. coli.
Answer:
B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.11 Learning Objective: 1.III

28) Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of important

nutrients in plant nutrition,particularly those of
12
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A) carbon only.
B) nitrogen only.
C) sulfur only.
D) carbon,
nitrogen, and
sulfur.

12
Copyright © 2022
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I

12
Copyright © 2022
29) Microbial ecology is the study of
A) microbial processes in the rhizosphere that benefit plant growth.
B) the diversity and activities of microorganisms.
C) the grouping and classifying of microorganisms.
D) microorganisms in
their natural
environments. Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I

30) The structure that confers structural strength on the cell is known as the
A) cytoplasmic membrane.
B) cell wall.
C) ribosome.
D) cytopla
s m.
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I

31) A microbial cell's membrane is considered , because its internal

constituents are maintained within the cell. However, it also imports
and exports other molecules in response toits environment.
A) differential
B) microselective
C) rigid
D) semiperme
a ble
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I

32) Some microorganisms can undergo in which various cell

types can becomespecialized and arise from one parent cell
type.
A) differentiation
B) genetic exchange
C) maturation
D) mutage
n e sis
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.2 Learning Objective: 1.I
33) Cyanobacteria and purple sulfur bacteria both obtain energy from light. However,
only the
are capable of releasing .
A) cyanobacteria / organic compounds
B) cyanobacteria / oxygen
C) purple bacteria / organic compounds
D) purple bacteria
/ oxygen
Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I

34) The process whereby microorganisms are used to help

clean up pollution created by humanactivities is known as
A) bioaugmentation.
B) biodegradation.
C) bioengineering.
D) bioremedia
ti on.

Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I

35) Robert Koch received the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for
A) developing a smallpox vaccination.
B) identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the causative agent of tuberculosis.
C) making an effective rabies vaccine.
D) developing a smallpox vaccination, identifying Mycobacterium
tuberculosis as the causativeagent of tuberculosis, and making an effective
rabies vaccine.

Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III

36) Bacillus anthracis deficient in its ability to differentiate would not be able to
A) chemotax toward growth substrates.
B) create vesicles.
C) form spores.
D) grow without additional
supplemented nutrients.
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 5-6:
Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 1.3
Learning Objective: 1.I
37) Microbial biochemistry most specifically involves the discovery of microbial
andthe
they perform.
A) organelles / diffusion
B) enzymes / organelles
C) reactions / enzymes
D) macromolecules
/ functions
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.14 Learning Objective: 1.IV

38) Microbial cells first evolved on Earth billion

years ago. approximatelyA) 1.6 to 1.8
B) 3.8 to 4.3
C) 5.4 to 5.6
D) 7.0 to 7.2

Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I
by .
39) The first documented description of
a microorganism was of a
A) bacterium / Ferdinand Cohn
B) fungus / Robert Koch
C) mold / Robert Hooke
D) yeast /
Martinus
Beijerinc
k
Answer:
C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.7 Learning Objective: 1.II
40) produced by microbial fermentation of glucose from
cellulose or cornstarch isbecoming a more important component of
biofuels in the United States, and specialized
are needed to make this a commercially available product.
A) Biodiesel / biotechnologists
B) Biodiesel / industrial microbiologists
C) Ethanol / biotechnologists
D) Ethanol /
industrial
microbiologists
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I
41) was the first to describe microorganisms, while was the
first person tosee bacteria.
A) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Hook
B) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Robert Koch
C) Robert Hooke / Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
D) Robert Koch /
Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek Answer:
C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.7 Learning Objective: 1.II

42) The production of human proteins (e.g., insulin) by

genetically engineered microorganisms isan example of , a
subdiscipline of microbiology.
A) applied microbiology
B) biotechnology
C) industrial microbiology
D) molecula
r
microbiolog
y Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4:
Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 1.6
Learning Objective: 1.I

43) Approximately two billion years ago, were primarily responsible

for initiallyoxygenating Earth.
A) algae
B) Archaea
C) cyanobacteria
D) purple
sulfur bacteria
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I

44) Archaea and Bacteria are unified as prokaryotes in lacking

which Eukarya contain, such as mitochondria.
A) membranes
B) nuclei
C) membrane-enclosed organelles
D) nuclei and membrane-enclosed
organelles
Answer: D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.4 Learning Objective: 1.I
45) Bioremediation by introducing pollutant-consuming
microorganisms or specificnutrients that help microorganisms degrade
pollutants.
A) accelerates the natural cleanup process
B) exploits genetic exchange mechanisms
C) invokes microbial evolution
D) uses chemotaxis of
biodegrading microorganisms
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I

46) Electron microscopy has greater than light microscopy,

because the wavelength ofvisible light is much larger than the
wavelength of electrons.
A) contrast
B) magnification
C) resolution
D) penetrat
i on
Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.10 Learning Objective: 1.II

47) Which of the following types of microscopy is especially effective

for viewing details ofinternal structures within live cells?
A) Phase-contrast microscopy
B) Transmission electron microscopy
C) Bright-field microscopy
D) Scanning
electron
microscopy
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.8 Learning Objective: 1.II
48) Which of the following types of microscopy could be used to visualize
the layers of the cellmembrane and the cell wall?
A) Phase-contrast microscopy
B) Transmission electron microscopy
C) Bright-field microscopy
D) Confoca
l
microscop
y Answer:
B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter

Section:
1.10 Learning Objective: 1.II
49) Who was the first researcher to provide direct experimental
data that supported the germtheory to explain infectious
disease?
A) Pasteur
B) Winogradsky
C) Lister
D) Koc
h
Answer
:
D
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter
Section:
1.12 Learning Objective: 1.III

50) When medical devices are left in the body, bacteria may grow on
them as , whichmakes them especially resistant to treatment.
A) biofilms
B) liquids
C) populations
D) communi
t i es
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I

51) Microbes that live at high temperatures in hot springs are

A) always Archaea.
B) also able to thrive at low temperatures.
C) called extremophiles.
D) rarely
found.

Answer: C
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.5 Learning Objective: 1.I
52) What field focuses specifically on the use of microbes to make products,
such as antibiotics,on a large scale?
A) Microbial ecology
B) Biotechnology
C) Industrial ecology
D) Medical
microbiolog
y
 Answer: B
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2:
Remembering/UnderstandingChapter Section:
1.6 Learning Objective: 1.I

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