10

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ADDITIONAL
PR ACTICE

MATHEMATICS
 1. Real Numbers
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (a) Here, a = Dividend, b = Divisor, q = Quotient and r = Remainder
Using Euclid’s Divison Lemma,
a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b
a = 3q + r
Here b = 3;
So, possible values of r = 0, 1, 2.
∴ 0 ≤ r < 3.
2. (c) LCM of 23 and 33 = 23 × 33
3. (b)
n+7 2n + 13 2
2n + 14
– –
–1 n + 7 –n – 7
n
–
0+7
+7
–
0
∴ HCF = –1
4. (d) The two numbers 51 and 34
Their L. C. M is
102 = 17 x 3 x 2
51 = 17 x 3
34 = 17 x 2
5. (a) 70 – 5 = 65
(b) 125 – 8 = 117
Now, we will compute the H.C.F. of 65 and 117.
(a) 65 (b) 117
_______ _______
5 | 65, 3 | 117
|_______ |_______
13 | 13 3 | 39
|_______ |_______
|1 13 | 13
| |_______
|1
|
13 is the only common factor of 65 and 117. Hence H.C.F. of 65 and 117 is 13.
Therefore, 13 is the largest number which divides 70 and 125 leaving the remainder of 5 and 8 respectively.
Let us check it.
(a) 70 ÷ 12 (b) 125 ÷ 12
Quotient = 5 Quotient = 9
Remainder = 5 Remainder = 8
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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 WORKSHEET 1

Section A
1. Here, a is a dividend.
2. Number 13233343563715 is a composite number as it has more than two factors and a number which
has more than two factors is a composite number and it is also divisible by 5 besides 1 and the number
itself.
3. Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
= 53 × 34 + 21
= 1802 + 21
= 1823
4. y = 5 × 13 = 65
x = 3 × 195 = 585
5. HCF (k, 2k, 3k, 4k, 5k) = k
6. Smallest composite no. = 4
Smallest prime no. = 2
∴ HCF (2, 4) = 2
7. 6n = (2 × 3)n
We know that a number ends with digit 0 only if it has both 2 and 5 as factors. As 6n does not have 5
as a prime factor, so, 6n does not end with digit 0.
8. P = ab2 Q = a3b
FACTORS OF P(ab2) =a×b×b
FACTORS OF Q(a3b) =a×a×a×b
so, LCM OF PQ =a×a×a×b×b
= a3b2
9. HCF of a =x3y2
b = xy3
a=xx x yy
b=xyyy
The highest common factors of a and b are
xy2
a×b
10. LCM (a, b) =
HCF (a, b)
1800
= = 150
12
Section B
11. Let a be a given positive number.
On dividing a by 4, let q be the quotient and r be the remainder.
Then,by Euclid’s algorithm,we have:
a = 4q + r where 0 < = r < 4
a = 4q + r where r = 0, 1, 2, 3
a = 4q + 2 = 2 (2q + 1)
It is clearly shown that 2q +1 is divisible by 2. Therefore, 4q + 2 is a positive integer.
12. Using Euclid’s Algorithm,
240 = 228 × 1 + 12
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 228 = 12 × 19 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, Divisor = 12
So, HCF (240, 228) = 12
13. If a, b are any two positive numbers
Their HCF (a, b) = h and LCM (a, b) = l then
a×b=h×l
Given
a = 253, b = 440
h = 11
l = 253 × R
Therefore
h×l=a×b
11 × 253 × R = 253 × 440
(253 × 440)
R=
(11 × 253)
R = 40
14. 3 × 12 × 101 + 4
= 4 × (3 × 3 × 101 + 1)
So, 4 is also a factor of 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 besides 1 and the no. itself.
So, 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 is a composite number.
15. Step by step explanation:
We have 1200,
We fist factorise the number “1200”.
1200 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5
We can see that 3 has no pair.
To make it a perfect square, we will multiply by 3 on both the sides.
1200 × 3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
√ 3600 = √ 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
√ 3600 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
√ 3600 = 60
Hence, 3 is the smallest natural number by which 1200 should be multiplied so that to make it a perfect
square.
16. Factors of 1 to 10 numbers
1=1
2=1×2
3=1×3
4=1×2×2
5=1×5
6=1×2×3
7=1×7
8=1×2×2×2
9=1×3×3
10 = 1 × 2 × 5
LCM of number 1 to 10 = LCM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
= 1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 2520
17. Let x and x + 1 be two consecutive positive integers.
If x is even, x + 1 is odd, so, x (x + 1) is even
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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 If x is odd, x + 1 is even, so, x (x + 1) is even.
Therefore, the product of two consecutive positive integers is always divisible by 2.
18. 3 × 5 × 13 × 46 + 23 = 23 × (3 × 5 × 13 × 2 + 1)
So, 23 is a factor of 3 × 15 × 13 × 46 + 23 besides 1 and the no. itself.
Therefore, 3 × 5 × 13 × 46 + 23 is a composite number.
19. As least prime factor of a is 3, a is an odd no. (because if a is even then it’s least prime factor must be 2).
Also, as least prime factor of b is 5, b is an odd no.
Therefore, a + b is even such that it’s least prime factor is 2.
20. No, two numbers can not have 15 as their HCF and 175 as their LCM because 15 is not a factor of 175.
(HCF of two numbers is always the factor of their LCM)
Section C
21. Using Euclid’s Division lemma.
a = 6q + r; o < r < 6
r = 0, a = 6q = 2 (3q), even
r = 1, a = 6q + 1 = 2 (3q) + 1, odd
r = 2, a = 6q + 2 = 2 (3q + 1), even
r = 3, a = 6q + 3 = 2 (3q + 1) + 1, odd
r = 4, a = 6q + 4 = 2 (3q + 2), even
r = 5, a = 6q + 5 = 2 (3q + 2) + 1, odd
So, any positive even integer can be written in the form of 6q, 6q + 2 or 6q + 4.
22. We know that any positive odd integer (say a) is of form 4q + 1 or 4q + 3
Case 1
a = 4q + 1
a2 = (4q + 1)2 = 16q2 + 1 + 8q = 8 (2q2 + q) + 1
= 8m + 1 (m = 2q2 + q)
Case 2
a = 4q + 3
a2 = (4q + 3)2 = 16q2 + 9 + 24q = 8 (2q2 + 3q + 1) + 1
= 8m + 1 (m = 2q2 + 3q + 1)
So, square of an odd positive integer is of form 8m + 1.
23. Consider 252 and 324.
Here, a = 324 and b = 252
by euclid’s division lemma
a = bq + r, 0 ≤ or = r < b
324 = 252 × 1 + 72
252 = 72 × 3 + 36
72 = 36 × 2 + 0
Therefore, HCF (252, 324) = 36
Now consider 36 and 180.
Here a = 180 and b = 36.
by euclid’s division lemma- a = bq + r, 0 < or = r < b
180 = 36 × 5 + 0
Therefore, HCF (180, 36) = 36
Hence, HCF (180, 252, 324) = 36
24. Using Euclid’s Division lemma,
a = 5q + r; 0 < r < 5
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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 r = 0, a = 5q, a2 = 25q2 = 5m (m = 5q2)
r = 1, a = 5q + 1, a2 = 25q2 + 1 + 10q
= 5 (5q2 + 2q) + 1
= 5m + 1 (m = 5q2 + 2q)
r = 2, a = 5q + 2, a2 = 25q2 + 4 + 20q
= 5 (5q2 + 4q) + 4
= 5m + 4 (m = 5q2 + 4q)
r = 3, a = 5q + 3, a2 = 25q2 + 9 + 30q
= 5 (5q2 + 6q + 1) + 4
= 5m + 4 (m = 5q2 + 6q + 1)
r = 4, a = 5q + 4, a2 = 25q2 + 16 + 40q
= 5 (5q2 + 8q + 3) + 1
= 5m + 1 (m = 5q2 + 8q + 3)
So, square of positive integer cannot be of form 5m + 2 or 5m + 3.
25. Minimum distance each should walk so 2 40, 42, 45
that each can cover the same distance.
2 20, 21, 45
= LCM (40, 42, 45)
= 2520 cm 5 10, 21, 45
2 2, 21, 9
3 1, 21, 9
3 1, 7, 3
7 1, 7, 1
1 1 1
26. 7 × 19 × 11 + 11 = 11 (7 × 19 × 1 + 1)
So, 11 is also a factor of 7 × 19 × 11 + 11besides 1 and number itself.
So, (7 × 19 × 11 + 11) is a composite number.
7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 3 = 3 (7 × 6 × 4 × 2 × 1 + 1)
So, 3 is also a factor of 7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 3 besides 1 and number itself.
So, 7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 3 is a composite number.
27. Here, we have to find LCM (12, 15, 18) which 2 12, 15, 18
indicates after how long they all again toll together.
3 6, 15, 9
LCM (12, 15, 18) = 180
So, three bells will toll together after 180 minutes i.e. 3 hours. 2 2, 5, 3
3 1, 5, 3
28. Using Euclid’s division algorithm,
1170 = 650 × 1 + 520 5 1, 5, 1
650 = 520 × 1 + 130 1 1 1
520 = 130 × 4 + 0
So, HCF (650, 1170) = 130
Therefore, the largest number which divides 650 and 1170 exactly is 130.
1 1 3 – 2√ 2
29. Consider = ×
3 + 2 √2 3 + 2 √2 3 – 2√ 2
3 – 2√ 2 3 – 2√ 2
= 2 = = 3 – 2√ 2
1
32 – 2 √ 2
Let if possible 3 – 2√ 2 is rational
p
3 – 2√ 2 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 3– p
2 q = √2
p
Here, 1 3 – is rational but √ 2 is irrational which is not possible.
2 q
So, we get a contradiction.
Therefore, 3 – 2√ 2 is irrational.
1
i.e. is irrational.
3 + 2 √2
30. Using Euclid’s division lemma,
117 = 65 × 1 + 52
65 = 52 × 1 + 13
52 = 13 × 4 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 13
So, HCF (117, 65) = 13
To find : m, n
13 = 65 – 52(1)
= 65 – (117 – 65 (1))
= 65(2) + 117(–1)
= 65m + 117n
So, m = 2, n = –1
Section D
31. Using Euclid’s Division Algorithm, we get
256 = 36 × 7 + 4
36 = 4 × 9 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 4
So, HCF (256, 36) = 4
LCM (256, 36) = 28 × 32
= 2304
2 256, 36
2 128, 18
2 64, 9
2 32, 9
2 16, 9
2 8, 9
2 4, 9
2 2, 9
3 1, 9
3 1, 3
1, 1
Now,
HCF × LCM = 4 × 2304
= 9216
Product of numbers = 256 × 36
= 9216
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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 So, HCF × LCM = Product of numbers
32. We know that every positive even integer is of form 2q and every positive odd integer is of form
2q + 1.
Case 1 n = 2q
Consider n2 – n = 4q2 – 2q = 2 (2q2 – q)
∴ n2 – n is divisible by 2
Case 2 n = 2q + 1
Consider n2 – n = (2q + 1)2 – (2q + 1)
= 4q2 + 1 + 4q – 2q – 1
= 4q2 + 4q – 2q
= 2 (2q2 + 2q – q)
= 2 (2q2 + q)
∴ n2 – n is divisible by 2.
From Case 1, Case 2, we get n2 – n is divisible by 2 for every positive integer n.
33. According to Euclid’s Division lemma,
a = 3q + r, 0 ≤ r < 3
For r = 0
a = 3q  a3 = 27q3  a3 = 9 (3q3)
= 9m (m = 3q3)
For r = 1
a = 3q + 1 a3 = 27q3 + 1 + 27q2 + 9q
= 9 (3q3 + 3q2 + q) + 1
= 9m + 1 (m = 3q3 + 3q2 + 2)
For r = 2
a = 3q + 2  a3 = 27q3 + 8 + 54q2 + 36q
= 9 (3q3 + 6q2 + 4q) + 8
= 9m + 8 (m = 3q3 + 6q2 + 4q)
Therefore, cube of any positive integer is of form 9m, 9m + 1 or 9m + 8 for some integer m.
34. (i) Greatest possible length of each plank
= HCF (42, 49, 56)
= HCF (2 × 3 × 7, 72, 23 × 7)
=7
So, greatest possible length of each plank is 7m. 2 182
13 169
(ii) HCF (182, 169) 7 91
13 13
= HCF (2 × 7 × 13, 132) 13 13
1
= 13 1
35. T
 o find the no. of required baskets such that Each basket contains only one of the two fruits but equal
in number.
We will find the H.C.F i.e. highest common factor
H.C.F : The largest common factor of two or more numbers is called the highest common factor
Thus 990 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 4 × 5
945 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7
Thus HCF = 3 × 3 × 5 =45
Thus the no. of fruits to be put in each basket in order to have minimum no. of baskets = 45.
36. Let the three consecutive positive integers be n, n + 1 and n +2.
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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 If number is divided by 3, remainder can be 0,
1 or 2. i.e. n = 3q + r, 0 ≤ r < 3
If r = 0, n = 3q divisible by 3
If r = 1, n + 2 = 3q + 1 + 2
= 3q + 3
= 3 (q + 1) divisible by 3
If r = 2, n + 1 = 3q + 2 + 1 = 3 (q + 1) divisible by 3
So, one of numbers n, n + 1, and n + 2 must be divisible by 3 i.e. n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 3
Now, if a number is divided by 2, remainder is 0 or 1
i.e. n = 2q + r ; 0≤r<2
r = 0, n = 2q divisible by 2
Also, n + 2 = 2q + 2 = 2 (q + 1) divisible by 2
So, one of n, n + 1 or n + 2 is divisible by 2 i.e.
n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 2.
Since, n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 2 and 3
implies n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 6.
37. (a) 2 420 2 180 2 378
2 210 2 90 3 189
5 105 3 45 3 63
3 21 3 15 3 21
7 7 5 5 7 7
1 1 1

So, HCF of 378, 180 and 420 is 2 × 3 = 6 2 378, 180, 420

And LCM of 378, 180 and 420 is 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 3780 3 189, 90, 210
So, let us check whether 3 63, 30, 70
LCM (378, 180 and 420) × HCF (378, 180 and 420) 7 21, 10, 70
is equal to the product of the three numbers 2 3, 10, 10
3780 × 6 = 378 × 180 × 420
5 3, 5, 5
22680 ≠ 28576800
3 3, 1, 1
Hence LCM × HCF is not equal to the product of the three numbers.
1 1 1
Now HCF × LCM
= 6 × 3780 = 22680
Product of numbers = 378 × 180 × 420
= 28576800
So, HCF × LCM ≠ Product of numbers.
(b) Let if possible 2√ 2 is rational.
p
2√ 2 = q , p and q are integers, q ≠ 0

p
 √2 = q
p
Here, 2q is rational but √ 2 is irrational
So, we get a contradiction.
∴ 2 √ 2 is irrational.

ADDITIONAL
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 2 √3
38. (i) Let if possible is rational.
5
2 √3 p
= q ; p and q are integers, q ≠ 0
5
5p
√ 3 = 2q
5p
Here, is rational but √ 3 is irrational which is not possible, so we get a contradiction.
2q
2 √3
∴ is irrational.
5
(ii) 3 rational numbers between 1.12 and 1.13 are 1.1210, 1.1211, 1.1213.
3 irrational numbers between 1.12 and 1.13 are 1.121121112111..., 1.1221222..., 1.123123312333...

WORKSHEET 2

Section A
1. ∙ ∙
Here, denominator = 22 57 72. As denominator is not of the form 2m × 5n, so, the given rational number
has a nonterminating repeating decimal expansion.
2√ 45 + 2√ 20 6√ 5 + 4√ 5
2. =
2√ 5 2√ 5
10√ 5
=
2√ 5
= 5 which is rational.
3. HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
15 × LCM = 45 × 105
45 ×105
LCM = = 315
15
4. Decimal expansion will terminate after 4 places of decimal.
5. HCF × LCM = 100 × 170 = 17000.
6. Here, denominator = 1500 = 22 × 3 × 53
As denominator is not of the form 2m × 5n, so, it has non-terminating repeating decimal expansion.
7. HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
9 × 360 = a × 45
9 × 360
45 = a
72 = a
7
8. = 0.0112
625
95 15 95 + 150
9. + =
40 4 40
245
= = 6.125
40
10. Decimal expansion will terminate after 5 places of decimal.
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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
Section B
11.
0.375
8 3
–0
30
– 24
60
– 56
40
– 40
0

∴ 3 = 0.375
8
12. Let if possible 5 √ 6 is rational.
p
5 √ 6 = q ; p, q are integers, q ≠ 0
p
√ 6 = 5q
p
Here, 5q is rational but √ 6 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contradiction i.e. 5 √ 6 is
irrational.
13. Let x = 1.41... (1)
x × 100 = 1.41 × 100
100x = 141. 1.41 (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2) , we get
99x = 140
140
x=
99
14. Maximum capacity = HCF (850, 680)
= HCF (2 × 52 × 17, 23 × 5 × 17)
= 2 × 5 × 17
= 170 l.
15. (i) (–1) + (–1)2n + (–1)2n + 1 + (–1)4n+1
= (–1) + (1) + (–1) + (–1)
= –2
–5 –5
3 1 3× 1
(ii) 23
=2
5 =
3 = 2 –5 =
2 32
13
16. The given rational number is
64
13 13 13
Now = 6 = 6
64 2 2 × 50
The denominator of the given rational number is of the form

ADDITIONAL
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 2m × 5n, i.e. 26 × 50 0.203125
13 64 13.000000
∴ The decimal expansion of is of the form of terminating.
64 128
13
The decimal expansion of terminates after 6 places of decimal. 200
64
192
17. Using Euclid’s Algorithm.
4052 = 420 × 9 + 272 80
420 = 272 × 1 + 148 64
272 = 148 × 1 + 124 160
148 = 124 × 1 + 24 128
124 = 24 × 5 + 4 320
24 = 4 × 6 + 0 320
Here remainder = 0, Divisor = 4
So, HCF (4052, 420) = 4 0
3
18. Let if possible is rational
p √ 5
3
= q , p, q are integers, q ≠ 0
√5
3q
√5 = p
3q
Here, is rational but 5 is irrational which is not possible, so we get a contradiction.
p
3
∴ is irrational.
√5
19. Using Euclid’s Division Algorithm,
180 = 144 × 1 + 36
144 = 36 × 4 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 36
So, HCF (144, 180) = 36
We can write
36 = 180 – 144 (1)
= 36
= 39 – 3
= 13 (3) – 3
= 13 m – 3
m=3
20. 9n = (3 × 3)n
Since, prime factorization does not contain 2 and 5, so, it cannot end with digit 0.
Section C
21. Let if possible √ 3 + √ 5 is rational
p
√ 3 + √ 5 = q p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
√ 3 = q – √ 5
2
2 p
 √ 3 = q – √ 5

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 p2 2p
3= +5– √5
q 2
q
2p p2
= 2 +2
q √5 q
qp2
√5 = +2
2p q2
p2q
Here, 2 + 2
is rational but √ 5 is irrational, which is not possible.
2p q
Therefore, √ 3 + √ 5 is irrational.
22. Let if possible 2 √ 3 + √ 7 is rational
p
2 √ 3 + √ 7 = q , q are integers, q ≠ 0
p
√ 7 = q –2 √ 3
p2 4p
7 = 2 +12 – √3
q q
4p p2
√ 3 = 2 + 5
q q
q p2
√ 3 = 4p +5
q2
q p2
Here, 4p + 5 is rational but √ 3 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contradiction
q2
∴ 2 √ 3 + √ 7 is irrational.
2 2
2 √3 + √7 2 √3 – √7 = 2√ 3 – √7
= 12 – 7 = 5 which is rational
23. 5 × 7 × 13 × 17 + 289 = 17 (5 × 7 × 13 × 1 + 17)
Here, 17 is also a factor of 5 × 7 × 13 × 17 + 289 besides 1 and number itself. So, it is a composite
number.
Also, 7 × 11 × 13 × 15 + 225 = (7 × 11 × 13 × 1 + 15) 15
Here, 15 is also a factor of 7 × 11 × 13 × 15 + 225 besides 1 and number itself. So, it is a composite
number.
24. LCM (20, 30, 40) = 120 2 20, 30, 40
So, all the three bells will toll together 2 10, 15, 20
after 120 minutes i.e. 2 hours. 5 5, 15, 10
2 1, 3, 2
25. Using Euclid’s Division algorithm. 3 1, 3, 1
2058 = 378 × 5 + 168 1 1 1
378 = 168 × 2 + 42
168 = 42 × 4 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 42
So, HCF (2058, 378) = 42
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 26. Let HCF = x
∴ LCM = 14x
LCM + HCF = 600
14x + x = 600
15x = 600 x = 40
We know that HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
40 × 14 × 40 = a × 280
40 × 14 × 40
a=
280
= 80
27. According to Euclid’s division lemma,
a = bq + r and 0 ≤ r < b
let a = Some integer
b=4
r = 0, 1, 2, 3
a = 4q, 4q + 1, 4q + 2, 4q + 3
Therefore, a is a positive integer if
a = 4q + 1, 4q + 3
28. Let if possible 7 – 2 √ 3 is rational.
p
7 – 2 √ 3 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
2 √3 = 7 – q
1 p
√ 3 = 7– q
2
1 p
Here, 7 – q is rational but √ 3 is irrational which is not possible.
2
So, we get a contradiction
∴ 7 – 2 √ 3 is irrational.
Section D
1
29. (i) Let if possible is rational
√2
1 p
= q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
√2
q
√ 2 = p
q
Here, p is rational but √ 2 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contraction.
1
∴ is irrational
√2
(ii) Let if possible 7 √ 5 is rational
p
7 √ 5 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
√5 =
7q
p
Here, is rational but √ 5 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contraction.
7q
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 ∴ 7 √ 5 is irrational.
30. Using Euclid’s division algorithm
237 = 81 × 2 + 75
81 = 75 × 1 + 6
75 = 6 × 12 + 3
6=3×2+0
So, HCF (237, 81) = 3
Consider 3 = 75 – 6 (12)
= (81 – 6) – 6 (12)
= 81 – 13 (6)
= 81 – 13 (81 – 75)
= 81 – 81(13) + 13 (237 – 81(2))
= 81 (1 – 13 – 26) + 237 (13)
= 81 (–38) + 237 (13)
= 81x + 237 y
where x = –38, y = 13
31. HCF (96, 240, 336)
= HCF (25 × 3, 24 × 3 × 5, 24 × 3 × 7)
= 24 × 3
= 48
96
So, number of stacks of English books = =2
48
240
Number of stacks of Hindi books = =5
48
336
Number of stacks of Mathematics books = =7
48
32. (i)  AS we have to find 5 rational numbers between 1 and 2
 We can consider = 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
11 12 13 14 15
= , , , ,
10 10 10 10 10
11 6 13 7 3
= , , , ,
10 5 10 5 2
(ii) HCF (70 – 5, 125 – 8)
= HCF (65, 117)
= HCF (5 × 13, 32 × 13)
= 13
33. Let if possible √ 3 is rational
p
√ 3 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
HCF (p, q) = 1
q √3 = p
3q2 = p2
3 divides p2  3 divides p
p = 3c
p = 9c  3q2 = 9c2
2 2

q2 = 3c2
ADDITIONAL
TM
15
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
  3 divides q2  3 divides q
So, p and q have atleast 3 in common which is a contradiction to the fact that HCF (p, q) = 1
So, our supposition was wrong,
√ 3 is irrational.
34. According to Euclid’s division lemma, for any positive integer n, we have
n = bq + r, 0≤r<b
Take b = 5
n = 5q + r, 0 < r < 5
For r = 0
n = 5q, divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 4, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 8, not divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 12, not divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 16, not divisible by 5
So, for r = 0, only n is divisible by 5
For r = 1
n = 5q + 1, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 1 + 4
= 5q + 5
= 5 (q + 1), divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 1 + 8
= 5q + 9, not divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 1 + 12
= 5q + 13, not divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 1 + 16
= 5q + 17, not divisible by 5.
So, for r = 1, only n + 4 is divisible by 5
For r = 2,
n = 5q + 2, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 6, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 10
= 5 (q + 2), divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 14, not divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 18, not divisible by 5
So, for r = 2, only n + 8 is divisible by 5
For r = 3
n = 5q + 3, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 7, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 11, not divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 15
= 5 (q + 3), divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 19, not divisible by 5.
So, for r = 3, only n + 12 is divisible by 5.
For r = 4
n = 5q + 4, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 8, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 12, not divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 16, not divisible by 5
16 ADDITIONAL
TM

PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 n + 16 = 5q + 20
= 5 (q + 4), divisible by 5
So, for r = 4, only n + 16 is divisible by 5.
35. Let if possible n + √ m is rational
p
n + √ m = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
∴ √m = q – n
p
Here, q – n is rational (as p, q are integers and n is rational) but √ m is irrational.
So, we get a contradiction.
Therefore, n + √ m is irrational.
36. To prove: √ p + √ q is irrational.
Let if possible √ p + √ q is rational
a
√ p + √ q = , a and b are integers and b ≠ 0
b
a
√ p = – √ q
b
On squaring both sides, we get
a2 2a
p= 2 +2– √q
b b
2a a2
√ q = +q–p
b b2
b a2
√ q = +q–p
2a b2
a2b
Here, + q – p is rational but √ q is irrational (as square root of a prime number is irrational)
2a b2
which is not possible.
So, we get a contradiction.
Therefore, √ p + √ q is irrational.
37. = 72/24 km/h = 3 km/h
Time = Distance/Speed
360
Time for 1st cyclist = = 180 hrs
2
60
Time for 2nd cyclist = 360 ÷ = 144 hrs
24
360
Time for 3rd cyclist = = 120 hrs
3
L.C.M of 180, 144, 120 = 720 hrs
720
Total Time taken in days = = 30 days
24
38. (i) In order to find the maximum number of columns in which they can march, we will
find HCF (32, 616).
32 = 25
616 = 23 × 7 × 11
So, HCF (32, 616) = 23 = 8
Hence, maximum number of columns = 8
ADDITIONAL
TM
17
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (ii) We know that for any two positive integers a and b,
LCM (a, b) × HCF (a, b) = a × b
LCM (306, 657) × HCF (306, 657)
= 306 × 657
LCM (306, 657) × 9 = 306 × 657
306 × 657
LCM (306, 657) = = 22338
9
39. (i) According to Euclid’s Division lemma,
a = bq + r; 0≤r<b
Take b=6
a = 6q + r; 0 < r < 6
For r=0
a = 6q
= 2 (3q) which is even
For r=1
a = 6q + 1
= 2 (3q) + 1 which is odd
For r=2
a = 6q + 2
= 2 (3q + 1) which is even
For r=3
a = 6q + 3
= 6q + 2 + 1
= 2(3q + 1) + 1 which is odd
For r=4
a = 6q + 4
= 2 (3q + 2) which is even
For r=5
a = 6q + 5
= 6q + 4 + 1
= 2 (3q + 2) + 1 which is odd
Therefore, every positive integer is of form 6q + 1 or 6q + 3 or 6q + 5.
(ii) LCM (x3 y3, x3 y5) = x3 y5
40. (i) 135 and 225
225 = 135 × 1 + 90
135 = 90 × 1 + 45
90 = 45 × 2 + 0
So, HCF (135, 225) = 45
(ii) 196 and 38220
38220 = 196 × 195 + 0
So, HCF (196, 38220) = 196
(iii) 867 and 255
867 = 255 × 3 + 102
255 = 102 × 2 + 51
102 = 51 × 2 + 0
So, HCF (867, 255) = 51

18 ADDITIONAL
TM

PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

02 Polynomials
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
b2 > (a + c)2 = a2 + c2 + 2ac
1. (a) Let α, β be the zeroes of f(x)
b2 – 4ac > a2 + c2 – 2ac
∴ αβ = 3
b2 – 4ac > (a – c)2 > 0
K
= 3 Discriminant cannot be negative and positive
1 simultaneously.
K = 3,
∴ a cannot be greater than 0.
−3 7
2. (c) α + β = , αβ = c cannot be greater than 0.
4 4
−3 So, only possibility is c < 0
1 1 α+β 4 = −3
So, + = =
α β αβ 7 7
WORKSHEET 1
3. (d) both a and c. 4

4. (b) Let p(x) = 2x2 + 2ax + 5x + 10 Section A

As (x + a) is a factor of p(x), 1. b2 – 4ac = 0

∴ p(–a) = 0 f(x) has two equal zeroes

2a2 – 2a2 – 5a + 10 = 0 2. A quadratic polynomial is of form

5a = 10 k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes

a = 2  −1
= k {x2 –   x + (–3)}
5. (b) If c = 0,  2 
k
Discriminant (D) = b2 – 4a(0) = {2x2 + x – 6}
2
< 0 (as f(x) has no real zeroes) 3. Let p(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x2 + x + 1
b2 < 0 not possible Remainder is p(1) = 1 + 1 – 2 + 1 + 1 = 2
So, c 0 4. A binomial of degree 6 is x6 + 4x2
If c > 0 5. 3x3 – x2 – 3x + 1
In the discriminant, b2 is positive. Discriminant = x2 (3x – 1) – 1 (3x – 1)
(D) will be negative only if a > 0 = (x2 – 1) (3x – 1)
Consider a + b + c < 0 = (x + 1) (x – 1) (3x – 1)
b<–a–c 6. a + b = 11, ab = 30
–b>a+c a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 13
 = (a + b) [a + b)2 – 3ab] b = 3 + 2b – 3 b=0
= 11 (121 – 90) 11. p(x) = 3x2 – 6x + 4
= 11 (31) 4
α + β = 2, αβ =
= 341 3
α β 1 1
7. f(x) = 6x2 – 3 – 7x + + 2  +  + 3αβ
β α 2 β
= 6x2 – 7x – 3
α 2 + β2 α+β
= 6x – 9x + 2x – 3
2 = + 2  + 3αβ
αβ  αβ 
= 3x (2x – 3)+ 1 (2x – 3)
( α + β)
2
− 2αβ α+β
= (2x – 3) (3x + 1) = + 2  + 3αβ
αβ  αβ 
3 −1 8  
Now, f(x) = 0 x= , . 4−
2 3
= 3 + 2  2  + 3  4 
3 −1 4  
So, zeroes are x = ,  4   3 
2 3 3 3
8. p(x) = 4x2 – 5x – 1
= 1+3+4
5 −1
α + β = , αβ = = 8
4 4
−1  5  −5 1
α β + αβ = αβ (α + β) =
2 2
  = 12. Let the zeroes be α,
4 4 16 α
9. f(x) = 6x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 1 1 −13 1 6a
α+ = 2 , α = 2
α a +9 α a +9
−3 −1
α+β+γ= = 6a
6 2 So, 1 = 2 a2 – 6a + 9 = 0
a +9
−1 a2 – 3a – 3a + 9 = 0
αβγ=
6
1 a (a – 3)– 3 (a – 3) = 0
So, α β γ =–1
= –6
–1 –1
αβγ (a – 3) (a – 3) = 0
α2βγ + αβ2γ + αβγ2
a = 3
= αβγ (α + β + γ)
13. Let the two zeroes of the f(t) = kt2 + 2t + 3k
−1 −1 1 α and β.
= =
6  2  12 Sum of zeroes (α + β)
Product of the zeroes αβ
Section B
−2 3k
10. Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder =
k k
x3 + 2x2 + 4x + b = (x + 1) (x2 + ax + 3) –2k = 3k2
+ (2b – 3)
2k + 3k2 = 0
= (x3 + ax2 + 3x + x2 + ax + 3 + 2b – 3) k(3k + 2) = 0
On comparing coefficients of x and constant 2
k=0
terms we get,
−2
a+1=2 a=1 k=
3
14 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 14. 2x2 + 2x –1 Or, r = (–p) (3p2 – 3q) – (–p)3
4x2 + 3x – 2 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 8x – 12 Or, r = 3p3 + 3pq + p3

8x4 + 6x3 – 4x2 Thus, r = 3pq – 2p3.

– – + Section C
8x3 + 2x2 + 8x – 12 17. α² + β² can be written as (α + β)² – 2αβ
p(x) = 2x² – 5x + 7
8x3 + 6x2 – 4x
a = 2 ,b = - 5 ,c = 7
– – + α and β are the zeros of p(x)
We know that ,
– 4x2 +12x – 12 –b 5
Sum of zeros = α + β = a =
– 4x2 – 3x + 2 2
c 7
+ + – Product of zeros = =
a 2
15x – 14 2α + 3β and 3α + 2β are zeros of a polynomial.
Sum of zeros = 2α + 3β+ 3α + 2β
15. Cubic polynomial is of form = 5α + 5β
{x3 – (α + β + γ) x2 + (αβ + βγ + αγ) x – αβγ} = 5 [α + β]
5
= k {x3 – (5 + 6 – 1) x2 + (30 – 6 – 5) x – 30} =5×
2
= k {x3 – 10x2 + 19x + 30} 25
=
2
16. Let the zeros of the polynomial be: Product of zeros = (2α + 3β)(3α + 2β)
a – d, a and a + d, so that the roots are in AP. = 2α [3α + 2β] + 3β [3α + 2β]
f(x) = x3 + 3px2 + 3qx + r. = 6α² + 4αβ + 9αβ + 6β²
The standard form of a cubic equation is: = 6α² + 13αβ + 6β²

x3 (a + b + c)x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x – abc – 0. = 6 [ α² + β² ] + 13αβ

= 6 [ (α + β)² – 2αβ ] + 13αβ
Comparing this equation with the given
polynomial:
We find:
=6
[ 2]
5 ² – 2 × 7 + 13× 7
2 2

3p = –(a – d + a + a + d)
⇒ 3p = –3a
[ ]
= 6 25 – 7 +
4
91
2

⇒ p = –a
3q – (a – d) a + a (a + d) + (a + d)(a – d)
[ ]
= 6 25 – 28 +
4 4
91
2

⇒ 3q = a2 – ad + a2 + ad + a2 – d2
⇒ 3q = 3a2 – d2
=6 [ ]
–3
4
+
91
2
–18 91
⇒ d2 = 3a2 – 3q = +
4 2
or, d2 = 3p2 – 3q –9 91
= +
And, r = –(a – d)a(a + d) 2 2
82
Or, r = ad2 – a3 =
2
= 41
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 15
 –18 –9 = (x2 + 3x + 1) (ax2 + bx + c) + px + q
= [Simplest form]
4 2
= ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + 3ax3 + 3bx2 + 3cx
a quadratic polynomial is given by :- + ax2 + bx + c + px + q
k { x² – (sum of zeros)x + (product of zeros)} a = 3
k {x² – 5 + 41}
2x 5 = b + 3a b = 5 – 3a b = –4
k=2
2 {x² – 5 + 41 ] –7 = c + 3b + a
2x
2x² – 5x + 82 is the required polynomial. –7 = c – 12 + 3 c=2

18. Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder 2 = 3c + b + p

x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 = (x2 + 2x – 3) Quotient 2 = 6–4+p p=0

+ Remainder
2 = q+c q=2–2=0
x2 + 1
x2 + 2x – 3 x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 So, Remainder = px + q = 0

x4 + 2x3 – 3x2 As remainder is zero, g(x) is a factor of p(x).

– – +
x2 + x – 1 21. Let f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + kx + 3
Remainder = f(3) = 21
x2 + 2x – 3
– – + 33 + 2(3)2 + 3k + 3 = 21
–x +2 27 + 18 + 3k + 3 = 21
3k = 21 – 48 = – 27
So, x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 = (x2 + 2x – 3) (x2
+ 1) + (–x + 2) k = –9

So, – (–x + 2) = x – 2 must be added to Now, we will find the quotient.

the polynomial f(x).
Dividend = x3 + 2x2 + kx + 3
19. 2x2 + 5
= x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 3
3x2 + 4x + 1 6x4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 Divisor = x–3
6x + 8x + 2x
4 3 2
x + 5x + 6
2

– – –
x–3 x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 3
15x2 + 21x + 7
x3 – 3x2
15x2 + 20x + 5 – +
– – –
5x2 – 9x + 3
x +2
On comparing x + 2 with ax + b, we get 5x2 – 15x
– +
a = 1, b = 2
6x + 3
20. Let the quotient be q(x) = ax2 + bx + c and 6x – 18
remainder r(x) = px + q – +
Using division algorithm, 21
f(x) = g (x) q(x) + r(x)
So, quotient = x2 + 5x + 6
3x + 5x – 7x + 2x + 2
4 3 2

16 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 22. Zeroes are − 3 and 3 24. According to division algorithm,
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
So, factors are (x + 3 ), (x – 3)
x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 = g(x) (x – 2) + (–2x + 4)
i.e. (x + 3 ) (x – 3 ) is also a factor
x 3 − 3x 2 + x + 2 + 2x − 4
i.e. x2 – 3 is a factor of given polynomial. g(x) =
x−2
2x + 1 x − 3x + 3x − 2
3 2

=
x2 – 3 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3 x−2
2
x – x +1
2x3 – 6x
– + x–2 x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2
x2 – 3 x3 – 2x2
– +
x2 – 3 – x2 + 3x – 2
– +
0 – x2 + 2x
+ –
For the remaining zero, x – 2
put 2x + 1 = 0 x – 2
−1 – +
x = 0
2
23. As 2 is a zero of given polynomial, x – 2 So, g(x) = x2 – x + 1
is a factor of the polynomial.
6x2 + 7 2 x + 4 Section D
x– 2 6x3 + 2 x2 – 10x – 4 2 25. f(x) = x2 – px + q
6x3 – 6 2 x2 α + β = p, αβ = q
– +
7 2 x2 – 10x Consider

7 2 x2 – 14x LHS
– +
α 2 β2 α 4 + β4
4x – 4 2 + =
β2 α 2 α 2β2
4x – 4 2
( α ) + (β )
2 2
2 2
– +
0 =
For other zeroes, α 2β2
2
6x2 + 7 2 x + 4 = 0  α 2 + β2  − 2α 2β2
 
=
( αβ )
2
6x2 + 3 2 x + 4 2 x + 4 = 0
2
3x (2x + 2)+4 2x+4=0 ( α + β )2 − 2αβ  − 2(αβ)2
 
3 2 x ( 2 x + 1) + 4( 2 x + 1) = 0 = (αβ) 2

(3 2 x + 4) ( 2 x + 1) = 0
p 2 − 2q − 2 ( q )
2 2
 
−4 −4 2 −2 2 =
x= = = ( q)
2

3 2 6 3
−1 − 2 p 4 + 4q2 − 4p 2 q − 2q2
and x = = =
2 2 q2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 17
 p 4 4p 2 = (x2 + 2x – 3) (2x2 – 3x – 2)
= 2− +2 = RHS = (x2 + 3x – x – 3) (2x2 – 4x + x – 2)
q q
= [x (x + 3) – 1 (x + 3)] [2x (x – 2) + 1
26. Let p(x) = x3 – 2x2 + qx – r
(x – 2)]
α+β+γ=2
= (x + 3) (x – 1) (2x + 1) (x – 2)
For α+β = 0 0+r=2
−1
r=2 So, zeroes are –3, 1, ,2
2
Also, αβγ = r Again consider x2 + 2x + k
2αβ = r = x2 + 2x – 3
αβ + βγ + αγ = q = x2 + 3x – x – 3

αβ + γ (α + β) = q = x (x + 3) – 1(x + 3)
= (x – 1) (x + 3)
αβ + γ (0) = q [As α + β = 0]
αβ = q So, zeroes are 1, – 3.
r 28. f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3
= q
2 α+β = 2
2q = r
αβ = 3
27. 2x2 – 3x + (–8 –2 k)
x2 + 2x + k 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 (a) Roots are (α + 2, β + 2)
2x4 + 4x3 + 2kx2 Polynomial is
– – –
– 3x3 + x2(–14 –2k) + 5x + 6 k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes}
– 3x3 – 6x2 – 3kx
+ + +
= k {x2 – (α + 2 + β + 2)x + (α + 2) (β + 2)}
x2 (–8 –2k) + x (5 + 3k) + 6 = k {x2 – (α + β + 4)x + αβ + 2 (α + β) + 4}
x (–8 –2k) + x (–16 – 4k) + k(–8–2k)
2

– – – = k {x2 – (2 + 4)x + 3 + 2 (2) + 4}

x(5 + 3k + 16 + 4k) + 6 + 8k + 2k2
= k {x2 – 6x + 11}
Remainder = (21 + 7k)x + 6 + 8k + 2k2 (b) Sum of zeroes
As x2 + 2x + k is a factor of α −1 β −1
= +
2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6, α +1 β +1
So, Remainder should be zero ( α −1)(β +1) + ( α +1)(β −1)
=
(21 + 7k)x + 6 + 8k + 2k2 = 0 ( α +1)(β −1)
= 0x + 0 αβ + α − β −1 + αβ − α + β −1
=
On comparing coefficient of x, we get αβ + α + β +1
21 + 7k = 0 2αβ − 2
=
k = –3 αβ + α + β +1
Now, we will find zeroes of the two 6−2 As
=
polynomials. 3 + 2 +1
α+β=2
2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 4 2
= = αβ = 3
6 3
= (x2 + 2x + k) [2x2 – 3x + (–8 –2 k)]
18 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
  α −1   β −1  2 5±2 2
Product of zeroes =    =
 α + 1  β + 1 2

=
( α −1)(β −1) = 5± 2
( α +1)(β +1) 30. ax³ + 3x² – bx – 6
αβ − ( α + β ) +1 x = –1, –2
= Put the values of x in Equation
αβ + ( α + β ) +1
We get,
3 − 2 +1 a(–1)³ + 3(–1)² – b(–1) – 6 = 0
=
3 + 2 +1 ⇒ –a + 3 + b – 6 = 0
2 ⇒ b–a=3 --------(1)
=
6 Now x = –2
1 a(–2)³ + 3(–2)² – b(–2) – 6 = 0
= ⇒ –8a + 12 + 2b – 6 = 0
3
A quadratic polynomial is of form ⇒ 2b – 8a + 6 = 0
k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes} ⇒ b – 4a = –3 --------(2)
from (1) and (2)
 2 −2 +1 b–a =3
= x x 
 3 3 b – 4a = –3
_ + +
k
=
3
{
3x 2 − 2x +1 } 3a = 6
⇒ a = 2 put in --------(1)
29. b–3=2
x2 – 2 5 x + 3
⇒ b = 5 now put this value in Equation
x– 5 x3 – 3 5 x2 + 13x – 3 5 ax³ + 3x² – bx – 6 = 0
⇒ 2x³ + 3x² – 5x – 6 = 0
x3 – 5 x2
– + Two zeroes are given (–1, –2)
(x + 1)(x + 2) = x² + 2x + x + 2 = 0
– 2 5 x2 + 13x – 3 5
⇒ x² + 3x + 2 =0
– 2 5 x + 10x 2 2x – 3
+ – x² + 3x + 2 2x³ + 3x² – 5x – 6
3x – 3 5 2x³ + 6x² + 4x
– – –
3x – 3 5 –3x² – 9x – 6
– + –3x² – 9x – 6
0 + + +
For other zeroes,
000
Consider x2 – 2 5 x + 3 = 0
Hence, another zeroes is
2 5 ± 20 −12 2x – 3 = 0
x = 3
2 ⇒ x=
2
2 5± 8
= 31. As zeroes of q(x) are also the zeroes of p(x),
2 so, remainder should be zero. (As q(x) is a
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 19
 factor of p(x) α = +4
x – 3x + 2
2
For α = – 4, –α = – (–4) = 4
x + 2x + a
3 2
x + x – 4x + 3x + 3x + b
5 4 3 2

For α = 4, –α = – 4.
x5 + 2x4 + ax2
– – – So, zeroes are –4, 4, 5
– 3x – 4x3 + (3 – a)x2 + 3x + b
4

(ii) f(x) = x2 – p (x + 1) – c
– 3x4 – 6x3 – 3ax
+ + + = x2 – px – (p + c)
2x3 + (3 – a)x2 + (3 + 3a)x + b
α + β = p, αβ = – (p + c)
2x3 + 4x2 + 2a
– – – Consider
(–a –1) x2 + (3 + 3a) x + (b – 2a)
(α + 1) (β + 1) = αβ + (α + β) + 1

Remainder = 0 = – (p + c) + p + 1

(–a –1) x2 + (3 + 3a) x + (b – 2a) = 0 =1–c

–a –1 = 0, b – 2a = 0 WORKSHEET 2
a = –1, b+2=0
Section A
a = –1, b = –2
1. f(x) has 2 real zeroes.
Now,
2. x2 + 7x + 12
p(x) = (x3 + 2x2 + a) (x2 – 3x + 2) + 0
= x2 + 3x + 4x + 12
= (x + 2x – 1) (x – 3x + 2)
3 2 2
= x2 + (x + 3) + 4(x + 3)
For other zeroes of p(x), = (x + 3) (x + 4)
Put x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 For zeroes of polynomial,
x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0 x + 3 = 0, x + 4 = 0
x(x – 2) – 1(x – 2) = 0 x = –3, x = –4

(x – 1) (x – 2) = 0 1
3. Let a, be the zeroes of p(x)
α
x = 1, 2 1 −a
α =
So, x = 1, 2 are zeroes of p(x) but not of q(x) α 5
−a
32. (i) p(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 16x + 80 1 =
5
Let the two zeroes be α, –α and the third a = –5
zero be γ.
4. f(x) has 2 distinct real zeroes
α + (–α) + γ = 5
5. Let p(x) =x3 + ax2 + bx + c
γ = 5 Let α, β, γ be zeroes of p(x)
Also α (–α) γ = –80 Such that α = –1
–α2 (5) = –80 αβγ = –C
80 (–1) βγ = –C
α2 = = 16
5 βγ = C
20 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 So, product of other two zeroes = C 9. f(x) = (k2 + 4)x2 + 13x + 4k
6. Quadratic polynomial is of form 1
Let the two zeroes be α,
α
k {x2 – (Sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes}
1 4k
 2 2 1 1 = α  = 2
2  −1  α k +4
= k x −  −  x +  
 3 4 3  4  k2 – 4k + 4 = 0
 2 5 1 (k – 2)2 = 0
= k x −   x − 
 12  6
k = 2
12x 2 − 5x − 2 
= k   10. x2 + 99x + 127
 12  α + β = – 99, αβ = 127
k
= (12x2 – 5x – 2) α, β are either both positive or both negative
12
7. 2y² + 7y + 5 = 0 If α, β are both positive then α + β = – 99 is
not possible
Here a = 2 , b = 7 , c = 5
α, β are 2 zeroes So, α and β must be negative.
–b –7
So sum of the zeroes = α + β = = Section B
ca 2
c 5 11. f(x) = x2 – px + q
Product of zeroes = αβ = =
a 2
Now just put the values α + β = p, αβ = q

α + β + αβ = (c + β) + αβ (i) Consider α2 + β2 = (α + β)2 – 2αβ

= p2 – 2q
–7 5 1 1 α+β p
+ = (ii) + = =
2 2
α β αβ q
–2
= = –1 12. We know that,
2
–b
So required answer is –1 Sum of zeroes =
a
8. y α+β=5 ------(1)
9
8 also,
7 c
6 f(x) = -x2 + 2x – 3 Product of zeroes = a
5
4
αβ = k ------(2)
3 Given:
2
1 x
α–β=1 ------(3)
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 From (1) and (3)
-2 α+β=5
-3
f(x) = -x2 + 2x – 3 α–β=1 (on adding)
-4 _________
-5 2α = 6
-6
-7 α=3
-8 Put this in (3)
-9
3–β=1
In the above graph, for both the curves we can – β = –2
observe that the sign of c is negative only. β=2
Now put this value in (3)
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 21
 αβ = k 2
2×3=k = 0 + 2  = −4
−1 
6=k
2α 2β
13. Quadratic polynomial is of form Product of zeroes = =4
β α
k {x2 – (sum of zeroes)x + Product of zeroes}
A quadratic polynomial is of form k {x2 – (sum
4+ 2 4− 2 of zeroes) x + product of zeroes}
Sum of zeroes = +
2 2 k {x2 + 4x + 4}
= 4
16. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
4+ 2 4− 2
Product of zeroes =     −b c
α+β = , αβ =
 2   2  a a
α 2
β 2
α +β
2 2
16 − 2 14 7 Consider + =
= = = β α αβ
4 4 2
So, quadratic polynomial is =
(
( α + β ) α2 + β2 − αβ )
αβ
 7 ( α + β ) ( α + β ) − 3αβ
 2
k  x 2 − 4x + 
 2 =
k αβ
= {2x2 – 8x + 7} −b  b 2 3c 
2
 − 
14. a  a2 a 
3x2 – x =
c
3x2 + x – 1 9x4 – 4x2 + 4 a
9x4 + 3x3 – 3x2 −b b − 3ac 
 2

=  
– – + c  a2 
– 3x3 – x2 + 4 17. As 1 is a zero of f(x),

– 3x3 – x2 + 4 so, (x – 1) is a factor of f(x)

+ + – –x2 – x + 6
– x + 4 x – 1 – x3 + 7x + 6
– x3 + x2
Quotient = 3x2 – x + –
Remainder = –x + 4 – x2 + 7x – 6

15. f(x) = x2 – 1 = x2 + 0 x – 1 – x2 + x
+ –
α + β = 0, αβ = –1 6x – 6
2α 2β 6x – 6
Sum of zeroes = +
β α – +
 α 2 + β2  0
= 2 
 αβ  For other zeroes of f(x),
 ( α + β )2 − 2αβ  put –x2 – x + 6 = 0
= 2 
 αβ  x2 + x – 6 = 0
 
22 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 x2 + 3x – 2x –6 = 0 = 27 (4) = 108
x (x + 3) –2 (x + 3) = 0 1 1 α+β 4
And + = =
(x – 2) (x + 3) = 0 α β αβ 3

x = 2, –3
Section C
21. Let a – d, a and a + d be the zeroes of f(x)
So, other zeroes are x = 2, –3
a – d + a + a + d = 12
18. f(x) = x2 – 13x + k
3a = 12
Let α, β be two zeroes of f(x)
a=4
αβ = k = 40
Also, (a – d) a (a + d) = 28
So, f(x) = x2 – 13x + 40
(4 – d) 4 (4 + d) = 28
= x2 – 5x – 8x + 40
16 – d2 = 7
= x (x – 5) – 8 (x – 5)
d2 = 9
= – (x – 5) (x – 8)
d = +3
For zeroes of f(x), put f(x) = 0
Case 1 Case 2
i.e. (x – 5) (x – 8) = 0
a = 4, d = 3 a = 4, d = –3
x = 5, 8
So, zeroes are So, zeroes are 7, 4, 1
19. 2x2 – 2x –1
a – d, a, a + d = 1, 4, 7
4x2 + 3x – 2 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8
Therefore, zeroes of polynomial are 1, 4 and 7.
8x4 + 6x3 – 4x2
– – + 22. 19 8
10x2 + x –
8x3 + 2x2 + 7x – 8 3 9
3x2 – x + 1 30x + 9x + x2 + 2
4 3
8x3 + 6x2 – 4x
– – + 30x4 – 10x3 + 10x2
– 4x2 + 11x – 8 – + –
19x3 – 9x2 + 2
– 4x2 + 4x + 2
+ + – 19 2 19
19x3 – x + x
15x – 10 3 3
– + –
8 19
– x2 – x + 2
So, 15x – 10 must be subtracted from 3 3
8x4 + 14x3 –2x2 + 7x – 8. So, that the resultant 8 8 8
– x2 + x –
polynomial is exactly divisible by 4x2 + 3x – 2. +3 – 9 + 9
20. f(t) = t2 – 4t + 3 65 26
– x+
α + β = 4, αβ = 3 9 9

Consider Dividend = 30x4 + 9x3 + x2 + 2

α4 β3 + α3 β4 = α3 β3 (α + β) Divisor = 3x2 – x + 1
19 8
= (αβ)3 (α + β) Quotient = 10x2 + x–
3 9
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 23
 65 26 Coefficient of x
Remainder = – x+ ∴ Sum of zeroes =
9 9 Coefficient of x2
According to divisor algorithm,  3   −2 
Product of zeroes =    
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder  4  3 
Consider 1
= −
Divisor × Quotient + Remainder 2
Constant term
 19 8  8x 31 Coefficient of x2
= (3x2 – x + 1) 10x 2 + x −  − −
 3 9 9 9
8 19 2 8 2 3
= 30x4 + 19x3 – x2 – 10x3 – x + x+ = −
3 3 9 4 3
19 8 65 26 1
10x2 + x– – x+ = −
3 9 9 9 2
 8 19  Constant term
= 30x 4 + x 3 (19 −10 ) + x 2  − − + 10  + ∴ Product of zeroes =
 3 3  Coefficient of x2
 8 19 65   8 26  Hence, the relationship between zeroes and
x + −  + − +  its coefficient is verified.
9 3 9   9 9 
24. f(x) = x2 – x – 2
= 30x + 9x + x + 0x + 2
4 3 2
α + β = 1, αβ = –2
= 30x4 + 9x3 + x2 + 2
Sum of zeroes = 2α + 1 + 2β + 1
= Dividend Hence verified.
= 2(α + β) + 2
23. f(x) = 4 3 x + 5x – 2 3
2
= 2 (1) + 2
Sum = 5 (8 – 3) = 4
Product = – 24 (8 × –3) Product of zeroes = (2α + 1) (2β + 1)
f(x) = 4 3 x + 8x – 3x – 2 3
2
= 4αβ + 2(α + β) + 1
= 4x ( 3 x + 2) – 3 ( 3 x + 2) = –8 + 2 + 1

= (4x – 3 ) ( 3 x + 2) = –5

For zeroes of f(x), put f(x) = 0 Quadratic polynomial is of form

k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + Product of zeroes}
(4x – 3 ) ( 3 x + 2) = 0
= k {x2 – 4x – 5}
3 −2
x= , Now, we need to find α3 + β3
4 3
– Coefficient of x = (α + β) (α2 + β2 – αβ)
Sum of zeroes =
Coefficient of x2
= (α + β) [(α + β)2 – 3αβ]
3 2 5
= − = − = 4(16 + 15)
4 3 4 3
3−8 5 = 4(31)
= = −
4 3 4 3 = 124
24 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 25. f(x) = 3x2 – 4x + 1 ∴ Remainder = 0
4 1 (a – 1)x + (b – 7) = 0
α + β = , αβ =
3 3
a = 1, b = 7
α 2
β2
Sum of zeroes = +
β α 27. Let α, β be the zeroes of f(x)
α + β3
3
b c
= α + β = − , αβ =
αβ a a
(
( α + β ) α2 + β2 − αβ ) Zeroes of the required polynomial are
1 1
,
=
αβ α β
Quadratic polynomial is of form
( α + β ) ( α + β ) − 3αβ
2

=  2  1 1 1 
αβ k x −  +  x + 
 α β αβ 
4 16   2 α+β
−1 1 
3  9  = k x −  x + 
=   αβ  αβ 
1
3   b 
 2  −  
16 − 9  28 a x + a
= k x −  
= 4 =   c  c
 9  9
  a  
α 2β2 1
Product of zeroes = = αβ =  2 b a
αβ 3 = k x + x + 
 c c
Quadratic polynomial is of the form k {x2 –
k
(sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes} = {cx2 + bx + a}
c
 2 28 1 28. f(x) = x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 12
= k x − x + 
 9 3
As 3 , – 3 are zeroes of f(x), so (x – 3)
k
=
9
{
9x 2 − 28x + 3 } (x + 3 ) are factors of f(x).

x2 + x + 7 i.e. (x – 3 ) (x + 3 ) = x – 3 is a factor of
2
26.
f(x)
x2 + 1 x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b
factor of f(x)
x4 + x2
– – x–4
x3 + 7x2 + ax + b x2 – 3 x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 12
x3 + x x3 – 3x
– – – +
7x2 + (a – 1) x + b – 4x2 + 12
7x2 +7 – 4x2 + 12
– – + –
(a – 1)x + (b – 7) 0
As x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b is exactly divisible by
For third zero, x–4=0
x2 + 1
x=4
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 25
 29. p(x) = 2x2 + 5x + k Given the reminder is (x + a)
5 k (4k – 25 + 16 – 2k) x + [10 – k(8 – k)] = x + a
α + β = – , αβ =
1 2 (2k – 9)x + [10 – 8k + k2] = x + a
21
Given: α + β + αβ =
2 2
On comparing on both sides, we get
4
21 2k – 9 = 1
(α + β)2 – αβ =
4 2k = 10
25 k 21
– = Therefore, k=5
4 2 4
k 25 21 Also, 10 – 8k + k2 = a
= – =1
2 4 4
10 – 8(5) – 52 = a
k = 2
10 – 40 + 25 = a
30. x + 2x + 3
2
Therefore, a = –5
x + 5 x + 2x + 8x + 12x + 18
2 4 3 2
32. f(x) = x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138x – 35
x4 + 5x2
– – Zeroes of f(x) are 2 + 3.
2x3+ 3x2 + 12x + 18 So, [x – (2 + 3 )], [x – (2 – 3 )]
2x3 + 10x are factors of f(x)
– –
3x2 + 2x + 18 i.e. [(x – 2) – 3 ] [(x – 2) + 3 ] is a factor
of f(x).
3x2 + 15
– – i.e. (x – 2)2 – ( 3 )2 is a factor of f(x)
2x + 3 i.e. x2 + 4 – 4x – 3 is a factor of f(x)
On comparing 2x + 3 with px + q, i.e. x2 – 4x + 1 is a factor of f(x)
we get p = 2, q = 3 x2 – 2x – 35

Section D x2 – 4x + 1 x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138x – 35

31. x2 – 4x + (8 – k) x4 – 4x3 + x2
– + –
x2 – 2x + k x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10
– 2x – 27x2 + 138x
3
x4 – 2x3 + kx2
– + –
– 2x3 + 8x2 – 2x
– 4x3 + (16 – k)x2 – 25x + 10 + – +
– 4x3 + 8x2 – 4kx – 35x + 140x – 35
2
+ – +
(8 – k) x2 + (–25 + 4k) x + 10 – 35x2 + 140x – 35
(8 – k) x2 – 2(8 – k) x + k (8 – k)
+ – +
0
(–9 + 2k)x + (10 – 8k + k2)
For other zeroes
Remainder = (–9 + 2k)x + (10 – 8k + k2)
Put x2 – 2x – 35 = 0
=x+α
[x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10] x2 – 7x + 5x – 35 = 0
and remainder = x+a
x2 – 2x + k
x (x – 7) + 5 (x – 7) = 0
26 On diving the above given equation, we get, ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (x + 5) (x – 7) = 0 x2 – x – 2
x = –5, 7 2x2 – 3 2x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6
So, other zeroes are –5 and 7. 2x4 – 3x2
– +
33. f(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 2x + 24
– 2x3 – 4x2 + 3x + 6
Let α, β, γ be the zeroes of f(x).
– 2x3 + 3x
αβ = 12 ...(i) + –
– 4x2 +6
α+β+γ = 5
– 4x2 +6
αβγ = –24 12γ = –24
+ –
γ=–2 0
Also, α + β + γ = 5 α + β –2 = 5
For other zeroes of f(x)
α+β = 7 ...(iii)
Put x2 – x – 2 = 0
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
x2 – 2x + x – 2 = 0
α (7 – α) = 12
x (x – 2) + 1 (x – 2) = 0
7α – α2 = 12
(x + 1) (x – 2) = 0
α – 7α + 12 = 0
2
x = –1, 2
α – 3α – 4α + 12 = 0
2
35. f(x) = 6x2 + x – 2
α(α – 3) – 4 (α – 3) = 0 1 1
α + β = – , αβ = –
(α – 3) (α – 4) = 0 6 3
α 2 + β2 ( α + β ) − 2αβ
2
α = 3, 4 α β
(i) + = =
β α αβ αβ
If α = 3, β = 7 – α = 7 – 3 = 4
1 2 1 + 24
If α = 4, β = 7 – α = 7 – 4 = 3 +
= 36 3 = 36
So, zeroes of the polynomial are 3, 4 and –2. 1 1
− −
34. f(x) = 2x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6 3 3
25 3 25
3 3 = ×− = −
− and are zeroes of f(x) 36 1 12
2 2
 1 1 α+β
 3  3 (ii) 2 +  = 2 
 x + ,  x −  are factors of f(x) α β  αβ 
 2   2 
 1
 3  3 −6 
 x +   x −  is a factor of f(x) = 2 
 2   2   − 1 
 2 3  3
 x − 2  is a factor of f(x) 1
  = 2 
(2x – 3) is a factor of f(x)
2 2
= 1

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 27
 (iii) α3 + β3 1 1 5
= + − +2
= (α + β) (α + β – αβ) 2 2 4 4 2
= (α + β) [(α + β)2 – 3αβ) 1 5
= +2−
2 2
1 1 
= −  +1 5 5
6  36  = − =0
2 2
1  37  1
= −   So, is a zero of f(x)
6  36  2
37 f(1) = 2 + 1 –5 + 2 = 0
= −
216 So, 1 is a zero of f(x)
(iv) α β – α β
3 3 5 5
f(–2) = 2(–8) + 4 + 10 + 2
= α β (1 – α β )
3 3 2 2
= –16 +16
3
 1  1 = 0
= −  1 − 9 
 3   So, –2 is a zero of f(x).
1  9 −1  – Coefficient of x2
= −  9  Sum of zeroes
27   Coefficient of x3
1 8 8 1 1
= −  9  = − 243 = +1–2 =–
27   2 2
1
36. (i) Let p(x) = 8 =–
2
g(x) = 3 – Coefficient of x2
So, Sum of zeroes =
q(x) = 2 Coefficient of x3
r(x) = 2 Sum of product of zeroes taken two at a
deg p(x) = deg q(x) = 0 Coefficient of x
time
Coefficient of x3
(ii) Let p(x) = 15 1 1 5
= (1) + 1(–2) + (–2) = –
g(x) = 4 2 2 2
1
q(x) = 2 = –2 –1
2
r(x) = 7 1
= –3
deg q(x) = deg r(x) = 0 2
5
(iii) Let p(x) = 20 = –
2
g(x) = 3 So, sum of product of zeroes taken two at a
r(x) = 2 Coefficient of x
time =
Coefficient of x3
q(x) = 6 – Constant term
Product of zeroes
Here, deg r(x) = 0 Coefficient of x3
1 2
37. Let f(x) = 2x3 + x2 – 5x + 2 = (1) (–2) = –
2 2
1 1 1 5 = –1 = –1
f   = 2  + − + 2
28 2 8 4 2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 – Constant term = [(α + β)2 – 2αβ]2 – 2(αβ)2
So, product of zeroes =
Coefficient of x3 2
 b 2 2c  2c2
Hence, relationship between zeroes and the =  2 −  − 2
coefficients is verified. a a  a
1 2c 2
( )
2
38. f(x) = x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20 = 4 b 2 − 2ac − 2
a a
f(x) = (–2)3 + 13(–2)2 + 32(–2) + 20
1 4 2c 2
= –8 + 52 – 64 + 20
=
a4
(b + 4a 2 2
c − 4ab 2
c)−
a2
= 12 – 12 b 4 4c 2 4b 2 c 2c 2
= 4 + 2 − 3 − 2
= 0 a a a a

x + 2 is a factor of f(x) b 4 4b 2 c 2c 2
= − 3 + 2
x2 + 11x + 10 a4 a a
40. f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 3x + 10
x+2 x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20
a + (a + b) + (a + 2b) = 6
x3 + 2x2
– – 3a + 3b = 6
11x2 + 32x + 20 a+b = 2
11x2 + 22x b = 2−a
– –
a(a + b) (a + 2b) = –10
10x + 20
a(2) (4 – a) = –10
10x + 20
– – 2a (4 – a) = –10
0 8a – 2a2 = –10
2a2 – 8a – 10 = 0
For other zeroes of f(x),
a2 – 4a – 5 = 0
put x + 11x + 10 = 0
2

a2 – 5a + a – 5 = 0
x + 10x + x + 10 = 0
2
a (a – 5) + 1 (a – 5) = 0
x(x + 10) + 1 (x + 10) = 0 (a + 1) (a – 5) = 0
(x + 1) (x + 10) = 0 a = –1, 5
x = –1, –10 For a = –1, b = 2 – a = 2 – (–1) = 3
So, zeroes of f(x) are –2, –1, –10 For a = 5, b = 2 – a = 2 – 5 = –3
a = –1, b = 3
39. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
b c zeroes are a, a + b, a + 2b
α + β = – , αβ = = –1, –1 + 3, –1 + 6
a a
(i) α2β +αβ2 = αβ (α + β) = –1, 2, 5
c  b bc a = 5, b = –3
= a − a  = − 2 zeroes are a, a + b, a + 2b
  a
(ii) α4 + β4 = (α2)2 + (β2)2 = 5, 5 – 3, 5 – 6

= [α2 + β2]2 – 2α2β2 = 5, 2, –1

So, zeroes of the given polynomial are –1, 2
ADDITIONALTM
MATHEMATICS - 10
and 5. 29
PR ACTICE
 Chapter Pair of Linear Equations
03 in Two Variables
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
a1 b1 c1
1. (c) The system of equations has no solution if 2. For no solution, = ≠
a 2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
= ≠ i.e k 5 2
a 2 b2 c2 =− ≠
6 2 7
1 1 4 i.e. k = – 15
i.e. = ≠
2 k 3
i.e. k = 2

3. (a) Y 2x + 3y = 12
4 B x–y=1
x=0
3
A x 6 0
2
y 0 4
1
x 10
X1 X y 0
–1
0 2x
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 +3 1
y=
–1 12 area of ∆ABC = ×5×3
C 2
15
1
=

–2 = = 7.5 sq. units

y

12
+
x

Y1
4. (c) Let number of coins of ` 1 = x and 10x + y + 27 = 10y + x
number of coins of ` 2 = y 9x – 9y = –27
∴ x + y = 50 x – y = –3 ....(ii)
x + 2y = 75 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
– – –
– y = –25 ∴ x + y = 9

y = 25 x – y = –3
So, x = 50 – y 2x = 6
x = 3
= 50 – 25
= 25 From (i), y = 9–x=9–3=6
5. (b) Let x be the tens digit and y be the ones digit. So, number is 10x + y
∴ x+y = 9 ...(i) = 10 (3) + 6 = 36
30 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 WORKSHEET 1 2 3 7
= =
8 a + b 28
Section A
3 × 28 4
1. 3x – y + 8 = 0, 6x – ky + 16 = 0 a+b = = 12
7
The given equations are 3x-y+8=0 and 6x- a + b = 12
ky+16 = 0. We have to find the point at which 6. The pair of linear equations has infinitely many
both the equations represent coincident lines. solutions if
For the lines to be coincident, a1 b c
= 1 = 1
Substituting the values, we get a2 b2 c2
10 5 k −5
Either or = =
20 10 k
k = 2 or k = 2
5  1 k −5
Therefore for k = 2, both the equations 10 =  2 = k
represent coincident lines.  
k = 2k – 10
2. Let number of girls be x and number of boys
10 = k
be y.
7. 2x + 3y = 7
x + y = 15 ...(i)
(a + b)x + (2a – b)y = 21
x=5+y x–y = 5 ...(ii) System of equations has infinitely many
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get a1 b c
solutions if = 1 = 1
x + y = 15 a2 b2 c2
x – y = 5 2 3 7
i.e. = =
a + b 2a − b 21
2x = 20
3 × 21
x = 10 4a – 2b = 3a + 3b, 2a – b = =9
7
y = 15 – x = 15 – 10 = 5 a = 56, 2a – b = 9
a = 5(1) 2 (5) – b = 9
3. General form of a pair of linear equations in
two variables x and y is a=5 b = 10 – 9
b=1
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
8. ax + by = c
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
lx + my = n
4. If a pair of linear equations in two variables
is consistent, then the lines are either a b
≠ will give unique Solution
intersecting or coincident. l m
aa bb c
5. 2x + 3y = 7 ≠=≠ = (infinite solution)
l l mm n
8x + (a + b)y = 28 aa bba bc
≠=≠ ≠ (no solution)
Given pair of equations has infinitely many l l mml m n
solutions if a b
≠ will give unique Solution
a1 b c l m
= 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 31
 Section B
9. The given equation is
2x + y = 4 Y
3y – 2x = 3 3
Now, let us find atleast two
2 C = (3, 2)
solutions of each of the above
equations, as shown in the
1
following tables. D = (0, 1)
E = (-3, 0)
B = (2, 0)
Table for 2x – y = 4 or y = 2x – 4 X1 X
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x 0 2 3 -x + 3y = 3 –1
y = 2x – 4 –4 0 2
Now table for 3y – 2x = 3 or –2
x+3
y= –3
3
x 0 –3 3 A = (0, -4) –4 2x + y = 4
x+3
y= 1 0 2 Y1
3
Here, the line intersecting at point C i.e. (3, 2)
The point which intersects at y axis are (0, –4) and D(0, 1)
10. 3x + 4y = 12 Y
6
6x + 8y = 48
5

x 4 0 4
6x
y 0 3 3
+
8y
=
48

x 8 0 2

y 0 6 1

X1 X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3x
–1 +
4y
=
12
–2

–3

–4

–5

Y1
11. (i) x + 2y = –1 –2 – 4y – 3y = 12
(ii) 2x – 3y = 12 –7y = 14
From (i), x = –1 –2y y = –2
2 (–1 –2y) – 3y = 12 (Put in (ii) So, x = –1 – 2y
32 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = –1 –2 (–2)  2
= –1 +4 From (i), 28  −  + 5y = 9
 41
= 3 56
− + 5y = 9
2x y 41
12. + =2 ...(i)
a b 56 425
5y = 9 + =
x y 41 41
− =2 ...(ii)
a b 85
y =
x y 41
From (ii), we have = 4+
a b 1 1
14. Let = p, = q
 y x y
x = a4 +  ...(iii)
 b 2 1
2p + q = 12p + 4q = 1
Putting this value of x in (i), we get 3 6
Other equation becomes 3p + 2q = 0
2a  y y
 4+ + = 2 On solving equation 12p + 4q = 1 and 3p + 2q
a  b b
= 0, we get
 y y
24 +  + = 2 12p + 4q = 1
 b b
2y y 2 (3p + 2q = 0)
8+ + = 2 12p + 4q = 1
b b
3y 6p + 4q = 0
= –b – – –
b
6p =1
−6b
y = = –2b 1 1
3 p = =x= =6
6 p
 y
From (iii), x = a 4 +  From equation 3p + 2q = 0, we get
 b
 2b  1
= a 4 −  3   + 2q = 0
 b  6
1
= a (4 – 2) 2q = –
2
= 2a 1
q = − y=–4
4
13. 28x + 5y = 9 ...(i)
Now, we need to find a
3x + 2y = 4 ...(ii)
y = ax – 4
On multiplying (i) by 2 and (ii) by 5, we get
– 4 = 6a – 4
56x + 10y = 18
6a = 0
15x + 10y = 20
– – – a = 0
41x = –2 15. 2x + y = 35 (i), 3x + 4y = 65 (ii)
2
x = – On multiplying equation (i) by 3 and equation
41 (ii) by 2, we get

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 33
 6x + 3y = 105 And a2 = k, b2= 10, c2 = –18
6x + 8y = 130 For a unique solution, we must have
– – – a1 b1 c1
– 5y = –25 = =
a 2 b2 c2
y = 5 8 5 9–9
⇒ = =
From (i) 2x + 5 = 35 k 10 18–18
2x = 30 Now
x = 15 858 595
≠=≠
a b 10
kk 10 18
10
16. For unique solution : 1 ≠ 1
a 2 b2 ⇒ 8 × 10 = 5 × k
k 2
≠ 8 × 10
3 1 ⇒ =k
5
k 6
a1 b1 c1 ⇒ k = 8 × 2 = 16
For Infinitely many solutions: = ≠
a 2 b2 c2 Hence, the given system f equations will have
k 2 5 infinitely many solutions, if k = 16
= =
3 1 2.5

k=6
Section C
19. Let the two no be x and y
17. 2x + ky = 11 x 5
Therefore =
5x – 7y = 5 y 6
6×x=5×y
a1 b1 c1
For no solution: = ≠
a 2 b2 c2 6×x–5×y=0 ×5
2 k 11 30 × x – 25 × y = 0 ................(i)
= ≠
5 −7 5 (x – 8) 4
5k = – 14 Also =
(y – 8) 5
−14 5 × x – 40 = 4 × y – 32
k=
5 5×x–4×y–8=0 ×6
For unique solution: 30 × x – 24 × y – 48 = 0 ................(ii)
2 k Subtracting (i) from (ii)
≠
5 −7 y – 48 = 0
14 y = 48
k − x 5
5
Putting y = 48 in =
18. The given system of equation is y 6
x 5
8x + 5y – 9 = 0 =
48 6
kx + 10y – 18 = 0 48
x=5×
The system of equation is of the form 6
x=5×8
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
x = 40
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Therefore the two numbers are 40 and 48.
Where, a1 = 8, b1= 5, c1 = –9
34 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 a1 b1 c1 Y
20. = =
a2 b2 c2
2
Thus this equation has infinite solution
x = 0 and y = –2 1
x = 1 and y = 1 (0.667, 0)
X1 X
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Both lines overlap, thus they are
3x – y–1
=2
having infinite solutions.
9x – 3y = 6
5 2 15 7 –2
21. − = −1, + = 10 (0, –2)
x+y x−y x+y x−y
1 1 –3
Let = p and =q
x+y x−y Y1
5p – 2q = – 1, 15p + 7q = 10 f(4) = 4³ + a.4² + 2.b.4 – 24 = 0
Using elimination method, we get ⇒ 64 +16a + 8b = 24
3 (5p – 2q) = –1) 15p – 6q = –3 ⇒ 16a + 8b = 24 – 64
15p + 7q = 10 ⇒ 2a + 1b = 3 – 8
– – –
⇒ 2a + b = –5 .........(i)
– 13q = –13
a–b=8 ........(ii)
q = 1
Solving eq.(i) & (ii)
x–y=1
2a + b = –5
From equation 5p – 2q = –1, we get a–b=8
_________
5p – 2(1) = –1
3a = 3
5p = 1
⇒ a=1
1
p = Substituting the value of a in eq.(ii)
5
x+y=5 1–b=8
⇒ b = –7
On solving equations x + y = 5 and
23. Let number of rows be x and number of
x – y = 1, we get students in each row be y. So, total number of
x – y = 1
students = xy
x +y = 5
According to question,
2x = 6 (y + 3) (x – 1) = xy

x = 3 y=5–3=2 xy + 3x – y – 3 = xy
22. x – 4 = 0 3x – y = 3 ...(i)
⇒ x=4 Again, (y – 3) (x + 2) = xy
f(x) = x³ + ax² + 2bx – 24 xy + 2y – 3x – 6 = xy
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 35
 –3x + 2y = 6 ...(ii) 25. Let digit at ten's place be x and digit at unit's
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get place be y
2(3x – y = 3) 6x – 2y = 6 So, number = 10x + y

– 3x + 2y = 6 According to question,
x+y = 5 ...(i)
3x = 12
x= 4 10y + x = 10x + y + 9

From (i) y = 3x – 3 0 = 9x – 9y + 9
= 12 – 3 x – y = –1 ...(ii)
= 9 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
So, Total number of students = xy x +y = 5
= 4(9) x – y = –1
= 36
2x = 4
24. 3x + 2y = 5
x =2
3x = 5 – 2y
From (i), y = 5–2=3
5 − 2y
x = So, number = 10x + y
3
To check : (1, 1) is a point on the 3x + 2y = 5 = 10(2) + 3
LHS = 3x + 2y
= 23
= 3(1) + 2(1)
26. Let the adjacent angle be x.
= 5
4
= RHS Other angle = x
5
So, (1, 1) is a point on the line 3x + 2y = 5 As sum of adjacent angles of a parallelogram is
180°,
x 1 3
4
y 1 –2 x + x = 180
5
Y 9x
= 180
3 5
20
180 ×5
2 x = = 100°
9
4
1 Angles are x, x
5
4
X1 X = 100, (100)
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 5
= 100, 80
3x

–1
+

27. (i) x – 2y = 2, 4x – 2y = 5
2y
=

–2
5

x 0 2 x 0 1.25
–3
y –1 0 y –2.5 0
Y1
36 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 4x + y = 180° ...(i)
Y
3 Given: 3y – 5x = 30 ...(ii)
From (i), y = 180 – 4x
2
So, eqn (ii) becomes 3(180 – 4x) – 5x = 30
1 540 – 12x – 5x = 30
17x = 510
X1 X
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x = 30
–1 From (i), y = 180 – 4 (30)
=2
2y = 180 – 120
x– –2
= 60°
–3 So, A = x = 30°
4x – 2y = 5
Y1 B = 3x = 90°
As the lines are intersecting, so the system C = y = 60°
of equations has unique solution and hence,
In ∆ABC, B = 90°, so it is a right angled
consistent.
triangle
(ii) 3x – 4y = 7, 5x + 2y = 3
Section D
29. Let speed of boat in still water be x km/hr and
x –3 1 x 1 2
that of stream be y km/hr.
y –4 –1 y –1 –3.5
So, speed of boat upstream = (x – y) km/hr
Y
4 Speed of boat downstream = (x + y) km/hr

3 According to question,
2 32 36
+ = 7
x−y x+y
1 40 48
+ = 9
X1 X x−y x+y
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 1 1
–1 Let = p, =q
x−y x+y
–2
So, we get equations as
5x

7
32p + 36q = 7 ...(i)
+2

= –3
4y
y=

3x
– 40p + 48q = 9 ...(ii)
3

–4
Y1 On multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 4, we get
160p + 180q = 35
28. In ∆ABC,
160p + 192q = 36
A + B + C = 180° (Angle sum – – –
property) – 12q = –1
x + 3x + y = 180° 1
q =
12
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 37
 i.e. x + y = 12 ...(iii) a2
ax =
1 a 2 + b2
From (i), 32p + 36   = 7
12  a
x = 2
32p = 7 – 3 = 4 a + b2
1 31. Let speed of X be x km/hr and that of Y be y
p = km/hr
8
x–y = 8 ...(iv) Time taken by X to walk 30 km
On solving (iii) and (iv), we get 30
= hours
x = 10 x
Time taken by Y to walk 30 km
y = 2
30
Speed of boat in still water = 10 km/hr = hours
y
Speed of stream = 2 km/hr According to question
30. ax + by = 1 ...(i) 30 30
= +3
(a + b)
2
x y
bx + ay = −1 ...(ii) 30 30
a 2 + b2 − =3
a 2 + b 2 + 2ab − a 2 − b 2 x y
= 1 1 1
a 2 + b2 − = ...(i)
2ab x y 10
bx + ay = 2 ...(iii)
a + b2 Also, 30 = 30 − 3
On multiplying (i) by b and (iii) by a, we get 2x y 2
15 30 3
abx + b2y = b = −
2a 2b x y 2
abx + a2y = 2 15 30 −3
– a +b
2
– – − =
x y 2
2a 2b
y(b2 – a2) = b – 1 2 1
a 2 + b2 − =− ...(ii)
x y 10
a 2b + b3 − 2a 2b
y(b2 – a2) = 1 1
a 2 + b2 Let = p, =q
x y
b3 − a 2b
= 2 So, equations (i) and (ii) become
a + b2 1
(
b b2 − a 2 ) p–q=
10
10 p – 10q = 1 ...(iii)
= 1
a 2 + b2 and p –2q = – 10 p – 20q = 1 ...(iv)
b 10
∴ y = 2 On solving equations (iii) and (iv), we get
a + b2
10p – 10q = 1
 b 
From (i), ax + b  2 2  = 1 10p – 20q = –1
a +b  – + +
b2
ax = 1 – 2 10q = 2
a + b2
1
a2 q = y=5
= 2 5
38 a + b2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 So, equations become
From (iii), we get10 p – 10   = 1
5 1 12 1
p+ q =
10 p = 1 +2 = 3 2 7 2
3 and 7p + 4q = 2
p=
10 i.e. 7p + 24q = 7 .......(i)
10
x= and 7p + 4q = 2 ........ (ii)
3
10 On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
So, Speed of X = km/hr
3 1
20q = 5 q =
Speed of Y = 5 km/hr 4
1
32. a (x + y) + b (x – y) = a2 – ab + b2 ...(i) From (i), 7p + 24   = 7
4
a (x + y) – b (x – y) = a2 – ab + b2 ...(ii)
7p =1
Let x + y = p and x – y = q
1
So, equations (i) and (ii) becomes p =
7
ap + bq = a2 – ab + b2 ...(iii) So, we get 2x + 3y = 7 ...(iii)
ap – bq = a2 + ab + b2 ...(iv) 3x – 2y = 4 ...(iv)
On adding (iii) and (iv) we get, On multiplying (iii) by 3 and (iv) by 2 and
2ap = 2 (a + b )2 2 subtracting, we get
1 6x + 9y = 21
p = (a2 + b2)
a 6x – 4y = 8
From equation (iii), – + –
1 13y = 13
a (a2 + b2) + bq = a2 – ab + b2
a y = 1
a2 + b2 + bq = a2 – ab + b2
From (iii)
bq = –ab
q = –a 2x + 3(1) = 7
1 2x = 4
So, x + y = (a2 + b2)
a
x = 2
x – y = –a
34. kx – y = 2
1
2x = (a2 + b2) – a 6x – 2y = 3
a
b2 b2 a1 b1
2x = a + –a= (i) For unique solution : ≠
a a a 2 b2
k −1
≠
b2 6 −2
x =
2a k 3
a1 b1 c1
b2 b 2 + 2a 2 (ii) For no solution : = ≠
So, y = x + a = +a= a 2 b2 c2
2a 2a
1 1 k −1 2
33. Let = p and =q = ≠
2x + 3y 3x − 2y 6 −2 3
k = 3
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 39
 The system has infinitely many b = 250
a1 b1 c1 a = 750
solutions, if = =
a 2 b2 c2 Income of x = 6000
k −1 2 Income of y = 5250
i.e. = =
6 −2 3 2 3 7
=
Clearly, −1 ≠ 2 , 36. =
p + q 2p − q 21
−2 3
So, there is no value of k for which the given 2 3 1
= =
system of equations has infinitely many p + q 2p − q 3
solutions. 2 123 3 1
= and= =
35. Income is 8a and 7a expenditure is 19b and 3+ −
p + q p2p q q 2p − q 3
16b p+q = 6 and 2p – q = 9
Saving is 1250 ( p + q ) + ( 2p – q ) = 6 + 9
8a – 19b = 1250 3p = 15
7a – 16b = 1250 p=5
19 × 7b = 1250 × 7 Put p = 5 in p + q = 6 or 2p – q = 9 , for getting
the value of q.
16 × 8b = 1250 × 8
q = 1.
133b – 128b = 1250
Given system of equations will have infinitely
5b = 1250 many solutions, if p = 5 and q = 1.

WORKSHEET 2
Section A
1. Y
7

4 1
Area of ∆ = ×6×6
y

2
=

3
x

= 18 sq. units
2

X1 X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1

–2

–3
x=6
40 Y1 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2. The system of equations has no solution if 14
a1 b1 c1 k
5
= ≠
a 2 b2 c2 5. The system of equations has a unique solution
1 2 5 a b
i.e. = if 1 ≠ 1
3 k 15
a 2 b2
k = 6
k –1
3. 3x + y = 1 and 6 –2
(2k – 1)x + (k – 1)y = 2k + 1 k 3
a b c
Inconsistent ⇒ 11 = 11 ≠ 11 6. x + ky = 0 a1 = 1, b1 = k
a 22 b 22 c 22
a11 b11 c11 2x – y = 0 a2 = 2, b2 = –1
⇒ = ≠
a 22 b 22 c 22 They have unique solution when
⇒ 3 10
a1 b1
(2k – 3) (k – 1) ≠
a 2 b2
⇒ 3k – 1 2k – 1
1 k
⇒ 3k – 2k –1+1 i.e.
2 –1
⇒ k 1
–1
4. The system of equations represent intersecting i.e. k
2
a b –1
lines if 1 ≠ 1 It means for all values of k except k = , the
a 2 b2 2 2
5 equation will have unique solution.
k 7
7. Y

(0, b) 1
Area of triangle = ×a×b
2
ab
=
2

X1 (a, 0)
X

x y
+ =1
a b
Y1
8. As (3, a) lies on line 2x – 3y = 5 9. X + 2y – 8 = 0
2(3) – 3(a) = 5 3a = 1 2x + 4y – 16 = 0
1 Here, a1= 1, b1 = 2, c1 = –8
6 – 3a = 5 a =
3
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 41
 a2 = 2, b2 = 4, c2 = –16 12. Given,
a 1 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 ....(i)
so, 1 =
a2 2
4x – 5y + 2 = 0 ....(ii)
b1 2 1
= = From eq. (i) and (ii) we have,
b2 4 2
c1 –8 1 a1 = 2, b1 = –3, c1 = –6
= =
c2 –16 2
a2 = 4, b2 = – 5, c2 = 2
a b c a1 2 1
Since 1 = 1 = 1 , the pair of linear equations Now, = =
a2 b2 c2 a2 4 2
has infinitely many solutions. b1 –3 3
= =
10. x + y = 14 b2 –5 5
c1 6
x = 14 – y [1] = =3
c2 2
Now a b1
Since, 1
a2 b2
x–y=4
∴ The given equation will have a unique
x=4+y [2] solution and the equation will intersect at
From [1] & [2] a point.
14 – y = 4 + y 13. Given,
10 = 2y 2x = 5y + 4
y=5
2x – 5y = 4 ....(i)
Now &
3x – 2y + 16 = 0
x + y = 14 x–y=4
–3x + 2y = 16 ......(ii)
x + 5 = 14 x–5=4
x=9 x=9 Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2, we get
Hence in both cases value of x and y r same 6x – 15y = 12 .....(iii)
so it is consistent –6x + 4y = 32 ......(iv)
Section B Adding (iii) and (iv) we get
11. – 4x + y = 1 ...(i) 11y = 44
6x – 5y = 9 ...(ii) y=4
On multiplying eq (i) by 5 and adding both
n
Substituting the value of y in (i) we get
the equations, we get
2x – 5y = 4
5(–4x + y) + 6x – 5y = 5 + 9
2x – 5 × 4 = 4
–20x + 5y + 6x – 5y = 14
2x – 20 = 4
–14x = 14
2x = 24
x = –1
x = 12
From (i), y = 1 + 4x = 1 – 4
Hence, x = 12, y = 4
y = –3

42 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 a1 b1 ⇒ k+1=± 9
14. For unique solution,
a2 b2
⇒ k+1=±3
6 2
i.e.
k 1 Case - 1 Case - 2
k 3 ⇒ k + 1 = +3 ⇒ k + 1 = –3
a b c
For infinitely many solutions, 1 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2 ⇒ k=2 ⇒ k = –4
6 2 3 17. Let the numerator be x and denominator be y.
= =
k 1 b2 x
2 3 So, fraction =
Clearly . so, there does not exist any y
1 2
values of k for which the system of equations According to question,

has infinitely many solutions. x +1 7

=
y +1 8
15. 99x + 101 y = 499 ...(i) 8x + 8 = 7y + 7
101x + 99y = 501 ...(ii)
8x – 7y = –1 ...(i)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
x −1 6
2x – 2y = 2 Again, =
y −1 7
x–y = 1 ...(iii) 7x – 7 = 6y – 6
On adding (i) and (ii), we get 7x – 6y = 1 ...(ii)
200 x + 200y = 1000
On multiplying (i) by 7 and (ii) by 8, we get,
x+y = 5 ...(iv)
56x – 49y = –7
On adding (iii) and (iv), we get
56x – 48y = 8
2x = 6 – + –
x = 3 – y = –15
From (iv), y = 5–x y = 15
= 5–3 From (i), 8x – 7(15) = –1
= 2
8x = –1 +105 = 104
16. The system of equations has infinite solutions
if 104
x = = 13
x + (k + 1)y = 5 8
18. a = 8 and b = 5
(k + 1)x + 9y = (8k –1)
Step-by-step explanation:
⇒ For infinitely many solutions As, a1 = 3, b1 = –a – 1, c1 = 2b – 1
a1 b1 c1
= = a2 = 5, b2 = 1 – 2a, c2 = 3b
a2 b2 c2
5 a1 b1 c1
1 k +1 As, = =
⇒ = = a2 b2 c2
k +1 9 8k −1
Part I
1 k +1 a1 b1
⇒ = =
k +1 9 a2 b2
⇒ (k + 1) = 9
2 3 –a – 1
=
5 1 – 2a
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 43
 5(–a – 1) = 3(1 – 2a) x y
20. + +1 = 15
–5a – 5 = 3 – 6a 10 5
–5 = 3 – a x y
+ = 14
–8 = –a 10 5
2x + y = 140 ...(i)
Cancelling the minus sign from both the sides
x y
We get; Again, + = 15
8 6
8=a 3x + 4y
= 15
Part II 24
a1 c1 3x + 4y = 360 ...(ii)
=
a2 c2 From (i), y = 140 – 2x
3 2b – 1 On putting this value of y in (ii), we get
=
5 3b
On cross multiplication 3x + 4 (140 – 2x) = 360
9b = 10b – 5 3x + 560 – 8x = 360
–b = –5 –5x = –200
By cancelling minus sign from both the sides x = 40
We get, So, y = 140 – 2x
b=5 = 140 – 2(40)
Therefore, a = 8 and b = 5 = 140 – 80
19. 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 ...(i) = 60
4x – 5y + 2 = 0 ...(ii) Section C
a1 2 1
Here, = = 21. Let the fixed charge be ` x and cost of food
a2 4 2
per day be ` y.
b1 −3 3
= = According to question,
b 2 −5 5
x + 20y = 3000 (i)
c1 6
= =3 x + 25y = 3500 (ii)
c2 2 – + –
a1 b1 – 5y = –500
As ≠ , so, the system has a unique
a 2 b2 y = 100
solution.
From (i), we get x = 3000 – 20 (100)
On multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting (ii)
from (i), we get = 3000 – 2000
4x – 6y + 12 = 0 = 1000
4x – 5y + 2 = 0 So, fixed charge = `1000
– + –
Cost of food per day= `100
–y = –10
y = 10 22. x + y = 1
From (i), 2x – 3(10) + 6 = 0
2x – 3y = 11
2x – 24 = 0
According to cross multiplication method,
x = 12
44 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 y 1 15p + 3q = 6
x =
=
−11 − 3 −2 +11 −3 − 2 6p – 3q = 1
x y 1
= = 21p = 7
−14 9 −5
y 1 1
x 1 , = p =
= 3
−14 −5 9 −5
∴ x–1=3 x=4
14 −9
x= , y=
5 5 From eqn (i), q = 2 – 5p
23. (i) 5x + 6y = 15 1
= 2–5  
4 −5  a1 b1  3
As ≠  ≠  1
5 6  a 2 b2  =
3
(ii) 8x – 10y = 30 ∴ y–2=3 y=5
4 −5 10  a1 b1 c1  1 1
As = ≠  = ≠  26. Let = p and =q
8 −10 30  a 2 b 2 c 2  x y
(iii) 8x – 10y = 20 So, equations become
4 −5 10  a1 b1 c1  p – 4q = 2
=
As =  = = 
8 −10 20  a 2 b 2 c 2  p + 3q = 9
24. For infinite solution
– 7q = –7
a1 b1 c1
= = q = 1
a2 b2 c2
2 a − 4 − 2b +1 From eq n
p – 4q = 2, we get
= =
4 a −1 − 5b −1 p = 2 + 4(1)
2(a – 1) = 4(a – 4) = 6
2a – 2 – 4a + 16 = 0 1
So, x= , y=1
–2a = –14 6
27. Let father's age be x years and son's age be y
a = 7, years.
2(–5b + 1) = 4(–2b – 1) According to question,
–10b + 8b + 2 + 4 = 0 2y + x = 70 (i)
–2b = –6 2x + y = 95 (ii)
b=3 From (i), x = 70 – 2y
1 1
25. Let =p and =q On putting value of x in (ii), we get
x −1 y−2
So, equations become 2 (70 – 2y) + y = 95
5p + q = 2 (i) 140 – 4y + y = 95
6p – 3q = 1 (ii) 3y = 45
On multiplying (i) by 3 and subtracting
y = 15
equations (i) and (ii), we get
So, x = 70 – 2y
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 45
 = 70 – 2(15) 6 8 1
+ =
= 70 – 30 x y 14
= 40 1 1
Let = p, and =q
So, age of father = 40 years x y
age of son = 15 years So, we get equations as
1
28. Let speed of train be x km/hr and speed of car 8p + 12q =
be y km/hr. 10
80p + 120q = 1 (i)
According to question,
Another equation becomes,
160 600
+ = 8
x y 1
6p + 8q =
240 520 41 14
+
x y = 5 84p + 112q = 1 (ii)
1 1 On multiplying (i) by 21 and (ii) by 20, we get
Let = p, =q
x y
So, we get equations as 1680p + 2520q = 21

160 p + 600q = 8 ...(i) 1680p + 2240q = 20

– – –
1200p + 2600q = 41 ...(ii) 280q = 1
On multiplying (i) by 30 and (ii) by 4, we get 1
q =
4800p + 18000q = 240 280
So, y = 280
4800p + 10400q = 164
– – – From (i),
7600q = 76  1 
76 1 80p + 120   = 1
q = =  280 
7600 100 3
i.e. y = 100 80p + = 1
7
From (i), we get 3 4
 1  80p = 1 – =
160p + 600  7 7
 = 8 1
100  p =
140
160p + 6 = 8 So, x = 140
160p = 2 ∴ A man can complete the work in 140 days
1 and a boy can complete the work in 280
p = days.
80
i.e. x = 80 30. Let father's age = x years
Sum of ages of 2 children = y years
So, Speed of train = 80 km/hr
According to question,
Speed of car = 100 km/hr
x = 2y (i)
29. Let time taken by one man alone be x days.
and
Let time taken by one boy alone be y days. x + 20 = y + 20 + 20
According to question, x – y = 20 (ii)
8 12 1
+ = On putting (i) in (ii), we get
46 x y 10 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2y – y = 20 3500
y = = 500
y = 20 7
∴ x = 2y = 40 From (i), 4x + 3 (500) = 2100
So, father's age = 40 years 4x = 2100 – 1500
4x = 600
Section D x = 150
31. Let Speed of car A = x km/hr Cost of one chair = $ 150
Speed of car B = y km/hr Cost of one table = $ 500
According to question, Therefore,
Cost of five chairs = 5 × 150
A B
4 4 = $ 750
x + y = 80
3 3 Cost of eight tables = 8 × 500
x + y = 60 (i) = $ 4000

A B 33. Let father's age = x years

Son's age = y years
8x – 8y = 80
According to question,
x – y = 10 (ii)
x – 10 = 12 (y – 10)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get
i.e. x – 12y = –110 (i)
2x = 70
For another eqn,
x = 35
x + 10 = 2 (y + 10)
From (i), y = 60 – x
x – 2y = 10 (ii)
= 60 – 35
On subtracting eqn (ii) from (i), we get
= 25
From (i), y = 60 – x x – 12y = – 110

= 60 – 35 x – 2y = 10
– + –
= 25
– 10y = –120
So, Speed of car A = 35 km/hr y = 12
Speed of car B = 25 km/hr From (ii), x = 10 + 2y
32. Let cost of one chair be $x and cost of one = 10 + 24
table be $y.
= 34
According to question,
So, Father's age = 34 years
4x + 3y = 2100 (i)
Son's age = 12 years
5x + 2y = 1750 (ii)
On multiplying eqn (i) by 5 and (ii) by 4, we get 34. Perimeter of ABCDE = 21 cm
20x + 15y = 10500 i.e. AB + BC + CD + DE + AE = 21
20x + 8y = 7000 3 + x – y + x + y + x – y + 3 = 21
– – – 3x – y = 15 (i)
7y = 3500 As BE || CD and BC || DE,
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 47
 BCDE is a parallelogram 1 1
35. Let = p and = q.
∴ BE = CD (opposite sides of parallelogram) x y
So, equations become
i.e. x + y = 5 (ii) ap – bq = 0
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get ab2p + a2bq = a2 + b2
4x = 20 p q 1
= = 3
x = 5 a b+b −0
2 3
0 + a + ab
3 2
a b + ab3
from (i), 3(5) – y = 15 p q 1
= =
y = 0 (
b a 2 + b2 ) (
a a 2 + b2 ) (
ab a 2 + b 2 )
So, BC = x – y = 5 – 0 = 5 cm p 1
=
CD = x + y = 5 + 0 = 5 cm (
b a +b 2 2
) (
ab a + b 22
)
DE = x – y = 5 – 0 = 5 cm q 1
=
BE = 5 cm (
a a 2 + b2 ) (
ab a 2 + b 2 )
1 1
So, perimeter of quadrilateral BCDE p= q=
a b
= 4 × 5 (perimeter = 4 × side) = 20 cm ∴ x=a y=b
36.
Y
6 2x + y = 6,
x 3 0
5
y 0 6
4 2x – y = 2

3 x 0 1
y –2 0
2 (2, 2)

X1 X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
2x
+y

–2
=6

–3
=2

–4
–y
2x

–5

–6
Y1
As the equations intersect at point (2, 2), so, (2, 2) is a solution of given set of equations.
48 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1
Area of triangle formed by lines representing these equations with the x – axis = × 2 × 2 =
2
2 sq units.
1
Area of triangle formed by lines representing these equations with the y – axis = × 8 × 2 =
2
8 sq units.
2 1
So, Ratio = = .
8 4
37. 2x + y = 2 x 0 1 2x + y = 6 x 0 3
y 2 0 y 6 0

Y
6 B (0, 6)

4
3

A (0, 2) 2

1
C (3, 0)
X1 X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1 D (1, 0)
2x
+y

–2
=6
2x
+y

–3
=2

–4
Y1

Vertices of trapezium are A(0, 2), B(0, 6), C(3, 0) and D(1, 0).
Area of trapezium ABCD = area of ∆BOC – area of ∆AOD
1 1
= × 3 × 6 – × 1 × 2 = 4.5 – 1 = 3.5 sq. units
2 2
38. Let the numerator be x and denominator be y x −1 3
According to question, =
y −1 8
y = 5 + 2x 8x – 8 = 3y – 3
–2x + y = 5 (i) 8x – 3y = 5 (ii)
For the other equation, From (i), y = 5 + 2x

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 49
 On putting this value of y in (ii), we get 39. mx – ny = m2 + n2
8x – 3 (5 + 2x) = 5 x + y = 2m
8x – 15 – 6x = 5 x y 1
2 =
=
2x = 20 2mn + m + n
2
−m − n + 2m
2 2 2
m+n
x y 1
x = 10 2 = 2 =
(m + n) m − n m + n
2

So, y = 5 + 2(10)
= 25 x 1 y 1
= 2 =
(m + n) m −n
2
2
m+n m+n
x 10
(m + n)
2
So, Fraction = = m 2 − n2
y 25 x= y=
m+n m+n
=m+n =m–n

40. (a – b)x + (a + b)y = a2 – 2ab – b2

(a + b)x + (a + b)y = a2 – b2
x y 1
= =
( a + b ) ( −a 2
) − ( a + b ) ( a + b ) ( −a
−b 2 2
+ 2ab + b 2
) − ( a − b )( a + b ) − ( a + b ) 2

( −a 2
+ 2ab + b ) 2
( a − b ) ( −a 2
− b2 )
x y 1
= = 2
−a − ab − a 2b − b3
3 2
−a + 2a b + ab − a b + 2ab + b
3 2 2 2 2 3
a − b − a − b 2 − 2ab
2 2

+a3 − 2a 2b − ab 2 + a 2b +a3 + ab 2 − a 2b − b3
−2ab 2 − b3
x y 1
2 =
=
−2b − 2a b − 4ab
3 2
4ab 2
−2b − 2ab
2

−2b3 − 2a 2b − 4ab 2
x =
−2b 2 − 2ab
(
−2b b 2 + a 2 + 2ab )
=
−2b ( b + a )
= a+b
y 1
Also, 2 =
4ab −2b ( a + b )
−2ab
y =
a+b

50 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

04 Quadratic Equations
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
q = 0
1
1. (b) As x = − is a solution of 3x2 + 2kx – 3 = 0
2 2 Also, q is a root
 1  1 ∴ q2 – pq + q = 0
∴ 3  −  + 2k  −  − 3 = 0
 2  2
3 q (q – p + 1) = 0
−k −3 = 0
4 q = 0 or q = p – 1
3
k = −3 ∴ q = p–1
4
3 −12 p = q+1
=
4 = 0+1
−9
= = 1
4
2. (b) Equation has no real roots if D < 0 So, p = 1, q = 0
i.e. b2 – 4ac < 0
WORKSHEET 1
i.e. b – 4 (1) (1) < 0
2

i.e. b2 – 4 < 0 Section A

1. x2 – 7x + 12
i.e. (b + 2) (b – 2) < 0
x2 – 3x – 4x + 12
i.e. –2 < b < 2
x (x – 3) – 4 (x – 3)
3. (d) let α, β be the roots then αβ = 3
αβ = 3 (x – 3) ( x – 4)

(1) β = 3 (∴ α = 1) 2. 2x2 + 3x – 4 = 0

αβ = 3 b2 – 4ac = 9 – 4(2) (–4)

= 9 + 32
4. (a) 3 3x 2 +10x + 3 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac = 41 > 0
As b2 – 4ac > 0
= (10)2 – 4 (3 3 / 3 )
The equation has real and distinct roots.
= 100 – 36
3. 3x2 + 13x + 14 = 0
= 64
LHS = 3x2 + 13x + 14
5. (a) x – px – q = 0
2

= 3(–2)2 + 13 (–2) + 14 (put x = –2)

As p is the root
= 12 – 26 + 14
∴ p2 – p2 + q = 0
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 51
 = 0 k2 = 456
= RHS k = ±2 114
So, x = –2 is a root of 3x2 + 13x + 4 = 0
8. bx2 – 2 ac x + 6 = 0
4. x2 – 3x – 1 = 0
The equation has equal roots if discriminant
LHS = x – 3x – 1
2
=0
= 12 – 3(1) – 1 (Put x = 1)
( 2 ac )
2
i.e. – 4(b)(b) = 0
= 1–3–1
4ac – 4b2 = 0
= –3 RHS (= 0)
b2 = ac
So, x = 1 is not a solution of equation x2 –
3x – 1 = 0 Section B
5. x – 3x – 10 = 0
2
9. Using quadratic formula,
D = b2 – 4ac General form ax2 + bx + c = 0
= (–3)2 – 4(1) (–10) D = b2 –4ac
= 9 + 40 −b ± D
Solution is x =
2a
= 49
Equation is 16x2 – 24x – 1 = 0

6. Let 6 + 6 + 6 + ... = x Where, a = 16, b = –24, c = –71

D = b2 –4a
6+x = x
On squaring both sides, we get D = (–24)2 – 4(16)(–1)

6 + x = x2 D = 576 + 64

x2 – x – 6 = 0 D = 640
−b ± D
x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0 Solution is x =
2a
x (x – 3) + 2 (x – 3) = 0 − ( −24 ) ± 640
x=
(x – 3) (x + 2) = 0 2 (16 )
x = 3, x = – 2
x = 24 ± 8 10
16
As value of 6 + 6 + 6 + ... cannot be
negative, so, x = 3 3 ± 10
x=
4
7. 3x2 – kx + 38 = 0 3 + 310
+ 10 3 − 310
− 10
Therefore, the roots are x = ,
4 4 4 4
The quadratic equation has equal roots
1 2 6
if D = 0 10. + =
x − 2 x −1 x
i.e. b2 – 4ac = 0 x −1 + 2x − 4 6
=
i.e. k2 – 4(3) (38) = 0 ( x −1)( x − 2 ) x
k2 – 456 = 0 x (3x – 5) = 6 (x – 1) (x – 2)

52 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 3x2 – 5x = 6(x2 – 3x + 2) ⇒ 2 (k² + 144 – 24 k) = k – 12
3x2 – 5x = 6x2 – 18x + 12 ⇒ 2 k² + 288 – 48 k = k – 12
0 = 3x2 – 13x + 12 ⇒ 2 k² – 49 k + 300 = 0
⇒ 2 k² – 25 k – 24 k + 300 = 0
0 = 3x2 – 9x – 4x + 12
⇒ k (2 k – 25) – 12 (2 k – 25) = 0
0 = 3x (x – 3) – 4(x – 3)
⇒ (2 k – 25)(k – 12) = 0
0 = (3x – 4) (x – 3)
Either :
3x – 4 = 0, x–3=0 k – 12 = 0
4 ⇒ k = 12
x= , x=3
3 or :
11. x – 2ax + a – b = 0
2 2 2
2 k – 25 = 0
x2 + [(–a –b) + (– a + b)] x + (a + b) (a – b) = 0 ⇒ 2 k = 25
25
x2 – (a + b) x – (a – b) x + (a + b) (a – b) = 0 ⇒ k= = 12.5
2
x [x – (a + b)] – (a – b) [x – (a + b)] = 0 The value of k is 12 or 12.5
[x – (a – b)] [x – (a + b)] = 0 14. 12abx2 – (9a2 – 8b2)x – 6ab = 0
x – (a – b) = 0 or x – (a + b) = 0 12abx2 + (–9a2 + 8b2)x – 6ab = 0
x=a–b or x=a+b −b ± b2 − 4ac
x=
12. 4x2 – 4a2x + (a4 – b4) = 0 2a
–(-9a2+8b2) ± √(-9a2+8b2)2 – 4(12ab)(-6ab)
4x + [–2 (a – b ) – 2 (a + b )] x + (a – b )
2 2 2 2 2 4 4 x=
2(12ab)
=0
–(-9a2+8b2) + √(-9a2+8b2)2 – 4(12ab)(-6ab)
4x2 – 2 (a2 – b2) x – 2(a2 +b2) x + (a2 – b2) x=
(a2 + b2) = 0 2(12ab)
3a
⇒ x=
2x [2x – a2 – b2] – (a2 + b2) (2x – a2 – b2) = 0 4b
–(-9a +8b2) – √(-9a2+8b2)2 – 4(12ab)(-6ab)
2
[2x – (a2 – b2)] [2x – (a2 + b2)] = 0 x=
2(12ab)
2x – (a2 – b2) = 0 or 2x (a2 + b2) = 0 –2b
⇒ x=
3a
−b 2 + a 2 a 2 + b2 15. Let the two numbers be x and 16 – x.
x= or x =
2 2
According to question,
13. Given
1 1 1
(k – 12)x² – 2 (k – 12)x + 2 = 0 + =
x 16 − x 3
Comparing with a x² + b x + c = 0 we get :-
16 − x + x 1
a = k – 12, b = – 2 (k – 12), c = 2 =
x (16 − x ) 3
The equation has equal roots! 48 = 16x – x2
So b² = 4ac
x2 – 16x + 48 = 0
⇒ (–2 (k – 12) )² = 2 (k – 12)
x2 – 12x – 4x + 48 = 0
⇒ (–2)² (k – 12)² = 2 (k – 12)
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 53
 x (x – 12) – 4 (x – 12) = 0 x −7−x −4 11
=
(x – 4) (x – 12) = 0 ( x + 4 )( x − 7 ) 30
x = 4, 12 −11 11
=
If x = 4, Other number = 16 – 4 = 12 x − 3x − 28
2
30
−1 1
if x = 12, Other number = 16 – 12 = 4 =
x − 3x − 28
2
30
1 1
16. x+ = 11 x2 – 3x – 28 + 30 = 0
x 11
x +1
2
122 x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
=
x 11 x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0
11(x + 1) = 122 x
2

x (x – 2) – 1 (x – 2) = 0
11x2 – 122x + 11 = 0
(x –1) (x – 2) = 0
11x2 – x – 121x + 11 = 0
x = 1, 2
x (11x – 1) – 11 (11x – 1) = 0
19. Le the smaller side and larger side be x cm
(11x – 1) (x – 11) = 0 and y cm respectively.
11x – 1 = 0 or x – 11 = 0 Hypotenuse = 3 5 cm
1
(3 5 )
2
x= or x = 11 So, x2 + y2 =
11
x2 + y2 = 45 (i)
Section C
If smaller side is tripled and the larger side is
17. Let D1 and D2 be the discriminants of
doubled,
equations x2 + 2cx + ab = 0 and x2 – 2(a + b)
x + a2 + b2 + 2c2 = 0 respectively. (3x)2 + (2y)2 = (15)2
x2 + 2cx + ab = 0 9x2 + 4y2 = 225 (ii)
D1 = (2c)2 – 4 (1) (ab) From (i), x2 = 45 – y2
= 4c2 – 4ab So, we get 9(45 – y2) + 4y2 = 225
= 4 (c2 – ab) 405 – 9y2 + 4y2 = 225
As roots are real and unequal, 5y2 = 180
so D1 > 0 180
y2 = = 36
c2 – ab > 0 (i) 5
y = +6
x2 – 2(a + b) x + a2 + b2 + 2c2 = 0
For y = – 6, x2 = 45 – 36 = 9
D2 = 4 (a + b) – 4(1) (a + b + 2c )
2 2 2 2
x=+3
= 8ab – 8c2
For y = 6, x2 = 45 – 36 = 9
= – 8 (c – ab) < 0 [From (i)]
2
x=+3
So, the given equation has no real roots.
As length cannot be negative,
1 1 11
18. − = So, y = – 6, x = – 3 rejected
x +4 x −7 30
54 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ∴ x = 3, y = 6 For no real roots, D < 0
Length of smaller side = 3 cm i.e. D 0 i.e. ad bc
Length of larger side = 6 cm 22. As 2 is a root of the quadratic equation
3x2 + px – 8 = 0,
20. As x = – 2 is a root of equation
3(2)2 + p(2) – 8 = 0
3x2 + 7x + p = 0, we have
12 + 2p – 8 = 0
3(–2)2 + 7 (–2) + p = 0
2p = –4
12 – 14 + p = 0
p = –2
p = 2
∴Other equation becomes
x2 + k (4x + k – 1) + p = 0
4x2 – 2(–2) x + k = 0
x2 + k (4x + k – 1) + 2 = 0 (Put p = 2)
4x2 + 4x + k = 0
x2 + (4k)x + k2 – k + 2 = 0
As roots are equal,
As roots are equal,
Discriminant (D) = 0
Discriminant (D) = 0
i.e. 16 – 4(4) (k) = 0
(4k)2 – 4(k2 – k + 2) = 0
16 – 16k = 0
16k2 – 4k2 + 4k – 8 = 0
k = 1
12k2 + 4k – 8 = 0
23. (x – a) (x – b) + (x – b) (x – c) + (x – c)
3k2 + k – 2 = 0
(x – a) = 0
3k2 + 3k – 2k – 2 = 0
x2 – bx – ax + ab + x2 – cx – bx + bc +
3k (k + 1) – 2 (k + 1) = 0 x2 – ax – cx + ac = 0
(3k – 2) (k + 1) = 0 3x2 – 2bx – 2ax – 2cx + ab + bc + ca = 0
3k – 2 = 0 or k + 1 = 0 3x2 – 2 (a + b + c) x + (ab + bc + ca) = 0
2 Discriminant (D)
k= or k = –1
3
21. x2 (a2 + b2) + 2 (ac + bd) x + (c2 + d2) = 0 = 4 (a + b + c)2 – 12 (ab + bc + ca)

Consider = 4 (a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac – 3ab

– 3bc – 3ca)
Discriminant (D)
= 4 (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
= 4 (ac + bd) – 4 (a + b ) (c + d )
2 2 2 2 2
= 2 (2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 – 2ab – 2bc – 2ac)
= 4 (a c + b d + 2abcd) – 4 (a c + a d
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

+ b2c2 + b2d2) = 2 [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (a – c)2]

= 8 abcd – 4a2d2 – 4b2c2 D = 2 [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (a – c)2] > 0

= –4 [(ad)2 +(bc)2 – 2 abcd) As D > 0, so roots are real.

= –4 (ad – bc)2 Roots are equal if D = 0

<0 i.e. 2[(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (a – c)2] = 0

i.e. a – b = 0, b – c = 0, a – c = 0,
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 55
 a = b, b = c, a=c x 2 − 7x +11 5
=
i.e. a = b = c. x − 8x +15
2
3
24. Let the two numbers be x and y such that 3x2 – 21x + 33 = 5x2 – 40x + 75
x > y. 0 = 2x2 – 19x + 42
x–y = 3 (i) 0 = 2x2 – 12x – 7x + 42
1 1 3 0 = 2x (x – 6) – 7 (x – 6)
Also, − = (ii)
y x 28
0 = (2x – 7) (x – 6)
From (i), x = 3+y
(2x – 7) (x – 6) = 0
Putting in (ii), we get
2x – 7 = 0 or x – 6 = 0
1 1 3
− = 7
y 3+ y 28 x = or x = 6
2
3+ y − y 3 26. Let speed of stream be x km/hr
=
y (3 + y ) 28 Speed of boat in still water = 18 km/hr
3 3
=
y (3 + y ) 28 So, Speed of boat downstream = (18 + x)
km/hr
28 = y2 + 3y
Speed of boat upstream = (18 – x) km/hr
y2 + 3y – 28 = 0
According to equation,
y2 + 7y – 4y – 28 = 0
24 24
y (y + 7) – 4 (y + 7) = 0 = +1 up = D + 1
18 − x 18 + x
(y – 4) (y + 7) = 0 24 24
− = 1
y = 4, –7 18 − x 18 + x
As y is a natural number, 18 + x −18 + x 1
=
y = – 7 is rejected (18 − x )(18 + x ) 24
2x 1
So, y = 4 =
324 − x 2
24
∴ x=3+y = 7
324 – x2 = 48x
x2 + 48x – 324 = 0
Section D
x−2 x−4 10 x2 + 54x – 6x – 324 = 0
25. + =
x −3 x −5 3 x (x + 54) – 6 (x + 54) = 0
( x − 2 )( x − 5) + ( x − 3)( x − 4 ) =
10 (x – 6) (x + 54) = 0
( x − 3)( x − 5) 3 x = 6, – 54
x − 7x +10 + x − 7x +12
2 2
10 As speed cannot be negative,
=
x − 8x +15
2
3
x = – 54 is rejected.
2x −14x + 22
2
10
= So, x = 6
x − 8x +15
2
3
∴ Speed of stream = 6 km/hr
56 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
  3x −1   2x + 3  1 1 1
27. 3  − 2  = 5 − =
 2x + 3   3x −1  x − 200 x 1200
3x −1 x − x + 200 1
Let =y =
2x + 3 x(x − 200) 1200
So, equation becomes
x2 – 200x = 240000
2
3y – = 5 x2 – 200x = 240000 = 0
y
3y2 – 2 = 5y x2 – 600x + 400x – 240000 = 0
3y2 – 5y – 2 = 0 x (x – 600) + 400 (x – 600) = 0
3y – 6y + y – 2 = 0
2
(x + 400) (x – 600) = 0
3y (y – 2) + 1 (y – 2) = 0 x = – 400 or x = 600
(3y + 1) (y – 2) = 0 As x, being speed of aircraft can't be negative.
3y + 1 = 0 or y – 2 = 0 So, x = 600
1
y=– or y = 2 ∴ Original speed of aircraft = 600 km/hr
3
1 600
Duration of flight = = 1 hour
y=– y=2 600
3
29. Let the usual speed of plane be x km / hr
3x −1 1 3x −1
=– =2 1500
2x + 3 3 2x + 3 ∴ Time taken = hours
x
9x – 3 = – 2x – 3 3x – 1 = 4x + 6 New speed = x + 250 km / hr
11x = 0 x = –7 1500
∴ Time taken = km / hr
x=0 x + 250
According to question,
28. Let original speed of the aircraft be x km/hr.
1500 1500 1
be x km/hr. = –
x + 250 x 2
∴ New speed = (x – 200) km/hr. 1500 1500 1
– =
Duration of flight at original speed x x + 250 2
1 1 1
600 – =
= hours x x + 250 3000
x x + 250 − x 1
Duration of flight at reduced speed =
x ( x + 250 ) 3000
600 x2 + 250 x = 750000
= hours
x − 200
According to question, x2 + 250 x – 750000 = 0

600 1 600 x2 + 1000x – 750x – 750000 = 0

= +
x − 200 2 x x (x +1000) – 750 (x + 1000) = 0
600 600 1 (x – 750) (x + 1000) = 0
– =
x − 200 x 2
x = 750 or x = –1000
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 57
 Now, x being the speed of plane cannot be For second equation,
negative, 2
y+3 = (x + 3)
x = –1000 is rejected 5
5y + 15 = 2x + 6
So, x = 750
2x – 5y = 9 (ii)
∴ Speed of plane = 750 km/hr
9 + 5y
30. Let total number of camels be x. From (ii), x =
2
According to question Putting in (i), we get
1 9 + 5y
x + 2 x + 15 = x – 7 = 5 (y – 7)2
4 2
x
2 x + 15 = x – 9 + 5y – 14 = 10 (y2 + 49 – 14y)
4
3x
2 x + 15 = 5y – 5 = 10 (y2 + 49 – 14y)
4
8 x + 60 = 3x y – 1 = 2 (y2 + 49 – 14y)
y – 1 = 2y2 + 98 – 28y
3x – 8 x – 60 = 0
2y2 – 29y + 99 = 0
( x)
2
3 – 8 x – 60 = 0
29 ± 841 − 8 ( 99 )
Let x = y y =
4
3y2 – 8y – 60 = 0 29 ± 49
y =
3y2 – 18y + 10y – 60 = 0 4
29 ± 7
3y (y – 6) + 10 (y – 6) = 0 y =
4
(3y + 10) (y – 6) = 0 29 + 7 29 − 7
y= , y=
10 4 4
y=– or y = 6 11
3 y = 9, y =
2
Now, 11
Now, y = is rejected
10 2
y= − is rejected as number of camels can So, y = 9
3
not be negative, ∴ Nihal's age = 9 years
So, y = 6 9 + 5y
Varun's age =
2
i.e. x = 6
9 + 45
=
∴ x = 36 2
= 27 years
So, total number of camels = 36
31. Let Varun's age be x years and Nihal's age be 1 1 1 1
32. − = +
y years. a+b+ x x a b

According to question. x − (a + b + x ) a+b

=
x (a + b + x ) ab
x – 7 = 5 (y – 7)2
x – 7 = 5 (y – 7)2 (i)
58 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 − (a + b) a+b
x (x + 5) + 1 (x + 5) = 0
=
x (a + b + x ) ab (x + 1) (x + 5) = 0
−1 1 x + 1 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
=
x (a + b + x ) ab x=–1 or x = –5
x (a + b + x) + ab = 0 2
5. x+ = 3
xa + xb + x + ab = 0
2 x
x2 + 2 = 3x
x2 + xa + xb + ab = 0
x (x + a) +b (x + a) = 0 x2 – 3x + 2 = 0

(x + a) (x + b) = 0 x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0

x = –a or x = –b x (x – 2) –1 (x – 2) = 0
(x – 1) (x – 2) = 0
WORKSHEET 2
x = 1, 2
Section A
6. 3 x2 – 2 2 x – 2 3 = 0
1. LHS = x – 3 3 x + 6
2

Discriminant = (–2 2 )2 – 4( 3 ) (–2 3 )

= (–2 3 )2 – 3 3 (–2 3 ) + 6
= 8 + 24
= 12 + 18 + 6
= 32
= 36
RHS ( = 0) 7. 2x2 + 5 3 x + 6 = 0

So, x= –2 3 is not a solution of the given Discriminant (D) = (5 3 )2 – 4(2) (6)

equation. = 75 – 48
1 = 27 > 0
2. As x = − is a solution of 3x2 + 2kx – 3 = 0,
2
2 So, the given equation has real roots.
 1  1
3  −  + 2k  −  – 3 = 0
 2  2 8. abx2 + (b2 – ac)x – bc = 0
3 abx2 + b2x – acx – bc = 0
−K −3 = 0
4 bx (ax + b) – c (ax + b) = 0
3 −9
K = −3 = (bx – c) (ax + b) = 0
4 4
3. Let the two consecutive positive integers be bx – c = 0 or ax + b = 0
x, x + 1. c b
x= or x = –
According to question, b a

x (x + 1) = 240 9. Compare given Quadratic equation 2x² – kx

+ k = 0 with ax² + bx + c = 0, we get
x2 + x – 240 = 0
a = 2, b = –k, c = k
4. x + 6x + 5 = 0
2
Discriminant (D) = 0
x2 + 5x + x + 5 = 0
[Given roots are equal]
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 59
 ⇒ b² – 4ac = 0 a = 3
⇒ (–k)² – 4 × 2 × k = 0 So, b = 21 – 9 (3)
⇒ k² – 8k = 0 = 21 – 27
⇒ k(k – 8) = 0 = –6
⇒ k = 0 or k = 8 12. As –5 is a root of equation
 1 px2 + px + k = 0
10. x2 +  a +  x + 1 = 0
 a
p(–5)2 + p (–5) + k = 0
ax2 + (a2 + 1) x + a = 0
25p – 5p + k = 0
ax2 + a2x + x + a = 0
20p + k = 0 (i)
ax (x + a) + 1 (x + a) = 0
Also, as equation has equal roots,
(ax + 1) (x + a) = 0
Discriminant = 0
ax + 1 = 0 or x + a = 0
1 p2 – 4pk = 0
x=– or x = – a
a p (p – 4k) = 0
Section B
p = 0 or p = 4k
2
11. As x = is a root of equation if p = 0, 20(0) + k = 0
3
ax2 + 7x + b = 0
k = 0
2
2 2 if p = 4k, 20 (4k) + k = 0
a  + 7  + b = 0
3 3
4 14 k = 0
a+ +b = 0
9 3 13. 2x + 9 + x = 13
4a + 42 + 9b
= 0
9 2x + 9 = 13 – x
4a + 9b = – 42 (i)
Squaring both sides
As x = –3 is a root of equation
2x + 9 = 169 + x2 – 26x
ax + 7x + b = 0
2
x2 – 28x + 160 = 0
9a – 21 + b = 0
x2 – 20x – 8x + 160 = 0
9a + b = 21 (ii)
x (x – 20) – 8 (x – 20) = 0
From (ii), b = 21 – 9a
(x – 8) (x – 20) = 0
Putting in (i), we get
x = 8 or x = 20
4a + 9 (21 – 9a) = – 42
If x = 20
4a + 189 – 81a = – 42
LHS = 40 + 9 + 20 = 27 RHS (= 13)
189 + 42 = 81a – 4a
So, x = 20 is rejected
231 = 77a
60 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 If x = 8, 17. Roots of the equation are equal if Discriminant
(D) = 0
LHS = 16 + 9 + 8
mx (6x + 10) + 25 = 0
= 5+8
6mx2 + 10mx + 25 = 0
= 13
D = 0
= RHS
(10m)2 – 4 (6m) 25) = 0
Therefore, x = 8
100 m2 – 600 m = 0
14. 9x2 – 6b2x – (a4 – b4) = 0
100 m (m – 6) = 0
9x2 + [–3 (b2 – a2) – 3 (b2 + a2)]x + (–a4 + b4)
=0 m = 0, 6
9x2 – 3 (b2 – a2) x – 3 (b2 + a2) x + (a2 + b2) For m = 0, equation will become 25 = 0,
(–a2 + b2) = 0 which is not possible
3x [3x – (b2 – a2)] – (a2 + b2) [3x – (b2 – a2)] So, m = 6
=0
18. Given 4 roots 3x square + 5x – 2 root 3
[3x – (a + b )] [3x – (b – a )] = 0
2 2 2 2
The above given education can be written as
a +b
2 2
b −a2 2 under:
x= or x= 4 3 x2 + 5x – 2 3 = 0
3 3
4 5 4 3 x2 + 8x – 3x – 2 3 = 0
15. –3 =
x 2x + 3
4 − 3x 5 4x( 3 x + 2) – 3 ( 3 x + 2) = 0
=
x 2x + 3 ( 3 x + 2) (4x – 3)=0
(4 – 3x) (2x + 3) = 5x
( 3 x + 2) = 0 or (4x – 3 )= 0
8x + 12 – 6x2 – 9x = 5x
2 3
6x2 + 6x – 12 = 0 x= or x=
3 4
x2 + x – 2 = 0
19. Let x be the side of square.
x2 + 2x – x – 2 = 0
So, area of square = x2
x (x + 2) – 1 (x + 2) = 0
Number of students = x2 + 24
(x – 1) (x + 2) = 0
If side of a square is increased by one
x = 1, – 2 student, side = x + 1
16. 2 y2 + 7y + 5 2 = 0 So, number of students = (x + 1)2 – 25
2 y2 + 2y + 5y + 5 2 = 0 According to question,
2 y (y + 2 ) + 5 (y + 2 ) = 0 x2 + 24 = (x + 1)2 – 25
(y + 2 ) ( 2 y + 5) = 0 x2 + 24 = x2 + 1 + 2x – 25

y+ 2 =0 or 48 = 2x
2y + 5 = 0
5 x = 24
y=– 2 or y = –
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 61
 ∴ Number of students = x2 + 24 ∴ Altitude of ∆ ABC = (x – 7) cm
= (24)2 + 24 We know that,
= 576 + 24 (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Perpendicular)2
= 600 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
20. 4x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 (13)2 = (x – 7)2 + x2
3 5 169 = x2 + 49 – 14x + x2
⇒ x2 + x + =
4 4
2 2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0
3  3  –5 9
⇒ x + x+  = +
2
x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
4 4 64
8
2
 3 –71 x2 – 12x + 5x – 60 = 0
⇒  x + 8  = 64
  x(x – 12) + 5 (x – 12) = 0
3 − 71
⇒ x+ = not a real no. (x + 5) (x – 12) = 0
8 64
x = –5, 12
Hence, QE has no real roots.
Since, side cannot be negative,
Section C So, x = – 5 is rejected
25
21. (x – 5) (x – 6) = ∴ x = 12
( 24 )
2

25 BC = x = 12 cm
x2 – 11x + 30 =
576 AB = x – 7 = 12 – 7 = 5 cm
25
x2 – 11x + 30 – = 0 23. (a – b) x2 + (b – c) x + (c – a) = 0
576
17255 As roots of equation are equal,
x2 – 11x + = 0
576 Discriminant (D) = 0
576 x2 – 6336 x + 17255 = 0 (b – c)2 – 4 (a – b) (c – a) = 0

576 x2 – 2856 x – 3480 x + 17255 = 0 (b2 + c2 – 2bc) – 4 (ac – a2 – bc + ab) = 0

4a2 + b2 + c2 – 4ac + 2bc – 4ab = 0
24x (24x – 119) – 145 (24x – 119) = 0
(2a)2 + b2 + c2 – 4ac + 2bc – 4ab = 0
(24x – 145) (24x – 119) = 0
(–2a + b + c)2 = 0
24x – 145 = 0 or 24x – 119 = 0
–2a + b + c = 0
145 119 2a = b + c
x= or x =
24 24 24. Let the sides of two squares be x and y
22. A
Area of square with side x = x2
13
Area of square with side y = y2
x–7

cm
Perimeter of square with side x = 4x
B C Perimeter of square with side y = 4y
x
Let the base of ∆ ABC=x cm According to question,
62 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 x2 + y2 = 468 (i) 3b b 3b b
ax − = ax − =–
4x – 4y = 24 2 2 2 2
i.e. x – y = 6 (ii) 4b b 3b
ax = = 2b ax = − + =b
2 2 2
From (ii), x = 6 + y
2b b
On putting in (i), we get x= x=
a a
(6 + y)2 + y2 = 468 2x 1 3x + 9
26. + + =0
36 + y2 + 12y + y2 = 468 x − 3 2x + 3 ( x − 3)( 2x + 3)
2y2 + 12y – 432 = 0 2x ( 2x + 3) + ( x − 3) + 3x + 9
=0
y2 + 6y – 216 = 0 ( x − 3)( 2x + 3)
y2 – 12y + 18y – 216 = 0 2x (2x + 3) + (x – 3) + 3x + 9 = 0
y(y – 12) + 18(y – 12) = 0 4x2 + 6x + x – 3 + 3x + 9 = 0
(y – 12) (y + 18) = 0 4x2 + 10x + 6 = 0
y = 12, –18 4x2 + 4x + 6x + 6 = 0
As side cannot be negative,
4x (x + 1) + 6 (x + 1) = 0
y = –18 is rejected
(4x + 6) (x + 1) = 0
∴ y = 12
4x + 6 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
So, x = 6+y
3
= 6 + 12 x= – or x = –1
2
= 18
27. Let the three consecutive natural numbers
So, sides of two squares are 12m and 18m be x – 1, x and x + 1.
respectively.
According to equation,
25. a2 x2 – 3abx + 2b2 = 0
x2 = [(x + 1)2 – (x – 1)2 ] + 60
3
(ax)2 – 2   abx + 2b2 = 0 x2 = x2 + 1 + 2x – x2 – 1 + 2x + 60
2
x2 = 4x + 60
3b
(ax)2 – 2ax   + 2b = 0
2
x2 – 4x – 60 = 0
 2 
2 2 x2 – 10x + 6x – 60 = 0
3b 3b 3b
(ax)2 – 2ax  +  + 2b – 
2
 =0 x (x – 10) + 6 (x – 10) = 0
 2   2   2 
2 (x + 6) ( x – 10) = 0
 3b 9 2
 ax −  + 2b − b = 0
2

2  4 x = –6 or 10

2 As x is a natural number,
 3 b  b2
 ax −  − =0
 2  4 x = –6 or 10

 3b
2
b2 As x is a natural number,
 ax −  =
4
 2  x = – 6 is rejected
3b b So, x = 10
ax − = ±
2 2 ∴ The three numbers 9, 10, 11.
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 63
 28. Let the time taken by smaller tap to fill tank
−b ± D
completely = x hours x =
2a
∴ Time taken by larger tap to fill tank
completely = x – 8 hours 63 ± 9801
=
18
According to question,
63 ± 99
1 1 5 =
+ = 18
x x–8 48
63 + 99 63 − 99
x−8+x 5 x= or x=
= 18 18
x(x − 8) 48
x=9 or x = –2
2x − 8 5
= 30. Let the larger part be x.
x(x − 8) 48
48 (2x – 8) = 5x (x – 8) ∴ Smaller part = 16 – x
According to question,
96x – 384 = 5x2 – 40x
2(x)2 = (16 – x)2 + 164
5x – 136x + 384 = 0
2
2x2 = 256 + x2 – 32x + 164
5x – 16x – 120x + 384 = 0
2
x2 + 32x – 420 = 0
x (5x – 16) – 24 (5x – 16) = 0 x2 + 42x – 10x – 420 = 0
(x – 24) (5x – 16) = 0 x (x + 42) – 10 (x + 42) = 0
16 (x – 10) (x + 42) = 0
x = 24 or
5 x = 10 or – 42
For x = 24 x = – 42 is rejected as x < 0.
Time taken by smaller tap = 24 hours ∴ x = 10
Tap taken by larger tap = x – 8 So, the required parts are 10 and 6.
= 24 – 8 Section D
= 16 hours 1 1 1 1
31. = + +
16 2a + b + 2x 2a b 2x
For x =
5 1 1 1 1
Time taken by larger pipe = x – 8 − = +
2a + b + 2x 2x b 2a
16
= –8 2x − 2a − b − 2x 2a + b
5 =
24 2x (2a + b + 2x) 2ab
= –
5 −2a − b 2a + b
Since time cannot be negative, =
2x (2a + b + 2x) 2ab
16 −1 1
x = is rejected. =
5 2x (2a + b + 2x) 2ab
29. 9x2 – 63x – 162 = 0
−1 1
Discriminant (D) = (–63)2 – 4(9) (– 162) =
x (2a + b + 2x) ab
= 3969 + 5832
x (2a + b + 2x) + ab = 0
= 9801
64 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2x2 + 2ax + bx + ab = 0 2800 2800
– = 100
2x (x + a) + b (x + a)= 0 x 2x +1
2
(2x + b) (x + a) = 0
2800 5600
−b – = 100
x=
, –a x 2x +1
2
28 56
32. Let number of books = x − = 1
x 2x +1
80
∴ Cost of each book = 1 2 1
x − =
According to question, x 2x +1 28

80 80 2x +1 − 2x 1
= −1 =
x+4 x x (2x +1) 28
80 80 1 1
− = 1 =
x x+4 x (2x +1) 28
1 1 1 2x2 + x – 28 = 0
− =
x x+4 80 2x2 + 8x – 7x – 28 = 0
x+4−x 1 2x (x + 4) – 7 (x + 4) = 0
=
x (x + 4) 80
(x + 4) (2x – 7) = 0
1 1
= 7
x(x + 4) 320 x = –4,
2
x2 + 4x – 320 = 0 Since, time cannot be negative,
x2 – 16x + 20x – 320 = 0 7
x = = 3.5 hours
2
x (x – 16) + 20 (x – 16) = 0
34. Let speed of stream = x km/hr
(x – 16) (x + 20) = 0
Speed of boat in still water = 20 km/hr
x = 16 or x = –20
Speed of boat upstream = (20 – x) km/hr
Since, number of books cannot be negative,
Speed of boat downstream = (20 + x) km/hr
x = 16
According to equation,
So, number of books = 16
48 48
33. Let original duration of flight = x hours = +1
20 − x 20 + x
2800
Speed of an aircraft = km/hr 1 1 1
x − =
If time increased by 30 minutes 20 − x 20 + x 48
20 + x − 20 + x 1
1 2800 =
i.e. hour, speed = (20 − x) (20 + x) 48
2 1
x+ 2x 1
2 =
According to question,
(20 − x) (20 + x) 48
2800 2800 96x = 400 – x2
= – 100
1 x
x+ x2 + 96x – 400 = 0
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 65
 x2 + 100x – 4x – 400 = 0 x (x + 12) – 6 (x + 12) = 0
x (x + 100) –4 (x + 100) = 0 (x – 6) (x + 12) = 0
(x – 4) (x + 100) = 0 x = 6, –12
x = 4, –100 As age cannot be negative,
Being the speed, x can not be negative. x = –12 is rejected
So,x = –100 is rejected ∴ x = 6
∴ x=4 Age of sister = 6 years
Speed of stream = 4 km/hr Age of girl = 2x
1 1 = 2 (6)
35. + = 1
2x − 3 x − 5 = 12 years
x − 5 + 2x − 3 37. Let number of articles be x
= 1
(2x − 3) (x − 5)
∴ Cost of production of each article
3x − 8 = 2x + 3
= 1
2x −10x − 3x +15
2
According to question,
2x2 – 13x + 15 = 3x – 8
x (2x + 3) = 90
2x2 – 16x + 23 = 0
2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0
Discriminant (D) = (–16) – 4 (2) (23)
2

2x2 – 12x + 15x – 90 = 0

= 256 – 184
2x (x – 6) + 15 (x – 6) = 0
= 72
(2x + 15) (x – 6) = 0
−b ± D
x = −15
2a x= or x = 6
2
16 ± 72 Being number of articles, x cannot be
=
4 negative.
16 ± 6 2
= ∴ x = 6
4
Number of articles = 6
8±3 2
=
2 Cost of production of each article
36. Let present age of sister be x years
= 2x + 3
∴ age of girl = 2x years
= 12 + 3
According to question,
= $ 15
(x + 4) (2x + 4) = 160
38. Let Shefali's marks in English be x..
2x2 + 12x + 16 – 160 = 0
∴ Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 30 – x
2x + 12x – 144 = 0
2
According to question,
x2 + 6x – 72 = 0
(30 – x + 2) (x – 3) = 210
x + 12x – 6x – 72 = 0
2

66 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (32 – x) (x – 3) = 210 x +5−x 1
=
32x – 96 – x + 3x = 210
2 x (x + 5) 360
x2 – 35x + 306 = 0 5 1
=
x(x + 5) 360
x2 – 17x – 18x + 306 = 0
x2 + 5x – 1800 = 0
x (x – 17) – 18 (x – 17) = 0
x2 – 40x + 45x – 1800 = 0
(x – 17) (x – 18) = 0
x (x – 40) + 45 (x – 40) = 0
x = 17 or x = 18
(x – 40) (x + 45) = 0
If x = 17
x = 40, –45
Shefali's marks in English = 17
Being speed of train, x = – 45 is rejected.
Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 30 – 17 = 13
∴ Speed of train = 40 km/hr
If x = 18
40. Let breadth of rectangular mango grove = x m
Shefali's marks in English = 18
∴ Length = 2x
Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 30 – 18
According to question,
= 12
2x (x) = 800
39. Let speed of train =x km/hr
2x2 = 800
Distance covered = 360 km
x2 = 400
360
So, time taken = x = + 20
x
According to question, Being a dimension, x cannot be negative.
360 360 ∴ x = 20
= –1
x+5 x
So, Breadth = 20 m
360 360
– = 1 Length = 2x = 40 m
x x+5

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 67
 Chapter

05 Arithmetic Progressions
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (b) an = 3n + 7 2a – b = 18 (i)

an + 1 = 3 (n + 1) + 7 = 3n + 10 b – a = –3 –b

So, d = an + 1 – an a – 2b = 3 (ii)

= 3n + 10 – 3n – 7 Solving (i) and (ii), we get

= 3 a = 11, b = 4

2. (c) a = 1, an = 11 So, a + b = 11 + 4

Sn = 36 = 15

n WORKSHEET 1
We know that Sn = (a + an)
2
36 =
n
(1 + 11) Section A
2 1. k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are in A.P. if
36 × 2
n = (2k –1) – (k + 9) = (2k + 7) – (2k – 1)
12
= 6 k – 10 = 8
3. (b) Sn = 2n2 + 5n k = 18
an = Sn – (Sn – 1) 2. Sn = 3n2 + 5n
= (2n2 + 5n) – [2 (n – 1)2 + 5(n – 1)] S20 = 3 (20)2 + 5(20)
= 2n2 + 5n – 2n2 – 2 + 4n – 5n + 5 = 3 (400) + 100
= 4n + 3 = 1200 + 100
4. (d) We can write reverse AP as = 1300
185, ..., 13, 9, 5 3. Consider AP : 2, 4, 6, 8, ..., n
Such that a = 185, d = –4 Here a = 2, d = 2
So, a9 = 185 + (9 – 1) (–4) n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
= 185 – 32 2
n
= 153 = [4 + (n – 1)2]
2
5. (a) 18, a, b, – 3 are in AP. n
= [2n + 2)
2
∴ a – 18 = b – a = –3 – b
= n (n + 1)
a – 18 = b – a
68 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 5 5 So, sequence is 1, 4, 7, ...
4. A.P.: –5, – , 0, , ... .
2 2 a2 – a1 = 4 – 1 = 3
5 5
an = a + (n – 1)d, d = – + 5 = a3 – a2 = 7 – 4 = 3
2 2
5 As difference between the terms is same, so,
∴ a25 = –5 + (25 – 1)
2 the given sequence is in A.P.
5
= –5 + 24   a10 = 30 – 2 = 28
2
= –5 + 60 9. A.P : 18, 16, 14, ...
= 55 Sn = 0
5. Sp = ap2 + bp n
[2a + (n – 1) d] = 0
ap = Sp –Sp – 1 2
n
= (ap2 + bp) – [a (p – 1)2 + b (p – 1)] [36 + (n – 1) (–2)] = 0
2
= ap2 + bp – [ap2 + a – 2ap + bp – b] n (36 – 2n + 2) = 0
= ap2 + bp – ap2 – a + 2ap – bp + b n (38 – 2n) = 0
38
= 2ap – a + b n = = 19
2
∴ ap + 1 = 2a (p + 1) – a + b 10. a4 = 0 a + 3d = 0 a = – 3d
= 2ap + 2a – a + b To prove : a25 = 3a11
= 2ap + a + b Consider a25 = a + (25 – 1)d
So, d = ap + 1 – ap = a + 24d
= 2ap + a + b – 2ap + a – b = –3 d + 24 d
= 2a = 21 d
6. an = n2 + 1 a11 = a + 10 d
a1 = 1 +1 = 2 = – 3d + 10d
a2 = 22 + 1 = 5 = 7d
3n − 2 So, a25 = 3a11
7. an =
4n + 5
11. A. P: 6, 13, 20, ..., 216
3−2
1 6−2 4
a1 = =
, a2 = = an = a + (n – 1) d
4+5
9 8 + 5 13
9−2
7 216 = 6 + (n – 1) 7
a3 = =
17
17 210 = 7 (n – 1)
1 4 7
So, sequence is , , , ... 30 = n – 1
9 13 17
8. an = 3n – 2 n = 31
a1 = 3 – 2 = 4 So, 216 is 31st term of an A.P.
a2 = 6 – 2 = 4 So, 16th term is the middle term
a3 = 9 – 2 = 7 so on
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 69
 a16 = 6 + (16 – 1) 7 115
d = =5
= 6 + 7 (15) 23
From (ii), 2a + 9(5) = 47
= 6 + 105
2a + 45 = 47
= 111
a = 1
12. Consider 9, 12, 15, 18, ....
So, AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
a2 – a1 = 12 – 9 = 3
i.e. 1, 6, 11, ...
a3 – a2 = 15 – 12 = 3
14. A.P.: 5, 15, 25, ...
a4 – a3 = 18 – 15 = 3
Let nth term of an AP be 130 more than its 31st
As difference between the terms is same, term
So, the terms are in A.P. i.e. an = 130 + a31

a16 = a + 15d 5 + (n – 1) 10 = 130 + 5 + (31 – 1) 10

= 9 + 15 (3) 5 + 10n – 10 = 135 + 300

= 9 + 45 10n = 435 + 5

= 54 10n = 440
n = 44
an = a + (n – 1) d
So, 44th term of an AP is 130 more than its 31st
= 9 + (n – 1) 3
term
= 9 + 3n – 3
15. as + a9 = 72
= 3n + 6
a + 4d + a + 8d = 72
13. S5 + S7 = 167 2a + 12d = 72
5 7
[2a + (5 – 1) d] + [2a + (7 – 1) d] = 167 a + 6d = 36 (i)
2 2
5 7 a7 + a12 = 97
5a + (4d) + 7a + (6d) = 167
2 2 a + 6d + a + 11d = 97
5a + 10d + 7a + 21d = 167 2a + 17d = 97 (ii)
12a + 31d = 167 (i) On multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting (ii)
from (i), we get
S10 = 235
10 (2a + 17d) – (2a + 12d) = 97 – 72
[2a + (10 – 1) d] = 235
2 5d = 25
2a + 9d = 47 (ii)
d = 5
Multiplying equation (ii) by 6 and subtracting
From (i), a = 36 – 6 (5)
(ii) from (i), we get
= 36 – 30 = 6
(12a + 54d) – (12a + 31d)
a = 6
= 282 – 167
So, AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
23d = 115
i.e. 6, 11, 16, ...
70 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 16. Consider AP : 7, 14, 21, ..., 497 2a + ( n −1) d 7n +1
=
an = a + (n – 1)d 2a1 + ( n −1) d1 4n + 27
497 = 7 + (n – 1)7
 n −1 
a+ d
497 – 7 = 7 (n – 1)  2  7n +1
=
490  n −1  1 4n + 27
70 = = n–1 a1 +   d
7  2 
n = 71
a + (m −1)d 7 (2m −1) +1
17. S7 = 49 1 =
a + (m −1)d
1
4 (2m −1) + 27
7
[2a + 6d] = 49 am 14m − 6
2 =
1
am 8m + 23
2a + 6d = 14
19. Let the digits be a – d, a, a + d
a + 3d = 7 (i)
a – d + a + a + d = 15
Also, S17 = 289
17 3a = 15
[2a + 16d] = 289
2 a = 5
2a + 16d = 34
Also, 100 (a – d) + 10a + a + d
a + 8d = 17 (ii)
= [100 (a + d) + 10a + a – d] – 594
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
∴ 100 a – 100 d + 11a + d
(a + 3d) – (a + 8d) = 7 – 17
= 100 a + 100 d + 11a – d – 594
–5d = –10
0 = 200 d – 2d – 594
d = 2
198 d = 594
From (i), a = 7 – 3d
d = 3
= 7–6
So, number = 100 (a + d) 10a + a – d
= 1
= 100 (8) + 50 + 2
n
So, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] = 852
2
n 20. ap = q a + (p – 1) d = q (i)
= [2 + (n – 1)2]
2
aq = p a + (q – 1) d = p (ii)
= n [1 + (n – 1)]
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
= n2
(p – 1) d – (q – 1) d = q – p
18. Let Sn and S1n be sum of a terms of two A.P.
d [p – 1 – q + 1] = q – p
Sn 7n +1
= q−p
S1n 4n + 27 d = = –1
p−q
n
2a + ( n −1) d From (i), a + (p – 1) (–1) = q
2 =
7n +1
n 4n + 27 a = p–1+q
2a1 + ( n −1) d1 
2   So, an = a + (n – 1)d
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 71
 = (p – 1 + q) + (n – 1) ( –1) n
(n + 1)
= p–1+q–n+1 2
For S2, a = 1, d = 2
= p+q–n
n
1 So, S2 = [2 + (n – 1) (2)]
21. Here, a2 – a1 = 19 – 20 2
4 = n [1 + n – 1]
77
= – 20 = n2
4
For S3, a = 1, d = 3
77 − 80 3
= =− n
4 4 S3 = [2 + (n – 1)3]
1 1 2
a3 – a2 = 18 – 19 n
2 4 = [3n – 1]
2
37 77 n n
= – Consider S1 + S3 = (n + 1) + (3n – 1)
2 4 2 2
74 − 77 n2 n 3n2 n
= = + + −
4 2 2 2 2
4n2
−3 =
= 2
4 = 2n2
as a3 – a2 = a2 – a1
= 2S2
i.e._difference between the terms is same, so,
the given sequence forms an A.P. 23. A.P.: a, 7, b, 23, c

−3 As the terms are in A.P.,

Here, a = 20, d =
4 7 – a = b – 7 = 23 – b = c – 23
an < 0
As 7–a = b–7
a + (n – 1) d < 0
a + b = 14 (i)
 −3 
20 + (n – 1)   < 0 As b – 7 = 23 – b
 4 
−3 2b = 30
(n – 1) < – 20
4 b = 15
 −4 
n – 1 > –20   From (i), a = 14 – b = 14 – 15
 3 
80 a = –1
n–1 >
3 As 23 – b = c – 23
80 83
n > +1= = 27.67 23 – 15 = c – 23
3 3
c = 31
So, n = 28
24. Let the four parts be
So, a28 is the first negative term
a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d such that
22. For S1, a = 1, d = 1 a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 32
n
So, S1 = [2 + (n – 1) (1)] 4a = 32
2
a = 8
72 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Also,
( a − 3d)( a + 3d) =
7 =
n
[2a + (n – 1) d]
2
( a − d)( a + d) 15
n
i.e.
( 8 − 3d)( 8 + 3d) =
7 = [200 + (n – 1) 10]
2
( 8 − d)( 8 + d) 15 = n [100 + 5n – 5]
64 − 9d2 7 = n (95 + 5n)
=
64 − d2
15 Distance travelled by thief
960 – 135d2 = 448 – 7d2 = Distance travelled by
512 = 128 d2 policeman

d2 = 4 100 (n + 1) = n (95 + 5n)

d = ±2 100n + 100 = 95n + 5n2

For a = 8, d = 2 5n2 – 5n – 100 = 0

the four parts are n2 – n – 20 = 0

a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d n2 – 5n + 4n – 20 = 0

i.e. 8 – 6, 8 – 2, 8 + 2, 8 + 6 n (n – 5) + 4 (n – 5) = 0

i.e. 2, 6, 10, 14 (n + 4) ( n – 5) = 0

For a = 8, d = – 2 n = – 4 or n = 5
As n cannot be negative, n = 5
the four parts are
26. Consider the sequence formed by all three
a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
digit numbers which leaves a remainder 3,
i.e. 8 + 6, 8 + 2, 8 – 2, 8 – 2, 8 – 6 when divided by 4: 103, 107, 111, 115, ..., 999.
i.e. 14, 10, 6 and 2 The above sequence forms an A.P. with a =
103 and common difference d = 4
25. Let the policeman catches the thief in n
minutes. an = a + (n – 1)d
Uniform speed of thief = 100 m/min 999 = 103 + (n – 1) 4
As after are minute a policeman runs after the 4 (n – 1) = 999 – 103
thief to catch him.
4 (n – 1) = 896
So, distance travelled by thief.
n – 1 = 224
= 100 (n + 1) minutes
n = 225
Given that speed of policeman increases by th

10m/min. The middle term is  n +1 term

 2 
speed of policeman forms an AP:  225 +1
i.e.  = 113th term
100 m/min, 110 m/min, 120 m/min, ...  2 
a113 = 103 + (113 – 1) 4
So, distance travelled by policeman
= 103 + 112 (4)
= Sn
= 103 + 448
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
= 551 73
 Sum of all terms before middle term m+n
= S112
=   (0)
 2 
= 0
112
= [2 (103) + (112 – 1) 4]
2 So, sum of its (m + n) terms is zero.
= 56 [ 206 + 144] 28. AP = –12, –, –6, ... , 21
= 56 (650) If 1 is added to each term,
= 36,400 A.P. becomes –12 + 1, –9 + 1, –6 + 1, ..., 21 + 1
225 i.e. – 11, –8, –5, ..., 22
S225 = [2 (103) + (225 – 1) 4]
2
We know that
225
= [206 + 896]
2 an = a + (n – 1) d
225
= (1102) 22 = –11 + (n – 1) (3)
2
= 123975 33
= n–1
3
So, sum of terms after the middle term
n = 12
= 123975 – (S112 + 551)
12
= 123975 – 36400 – 551 S12 = [2 (–11) + (12 – 1) 3]
2
= 87024 = 6 [–22 + 33]

27. Given: Sm = Sn = 6 (11)

To prove: Sm + n = 0 = 66
m 29. Let the prizes be a, a – 20, a – 40, ....
Sm = [2a + (m – 1)d]
2 S10 = 1600
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] 10
2 [2a + (10 – 1) (– 20)] = 1600
As S m = Sn 2
5 (2a – 180) = 1600
m n
∴ [2a + (m – 1)d] = [2a + (n – 1)d] 2a – 180 = 320
2 2
m [2a + (m – 1)d] = n [2a + (n – 1)d] 2a = 500
2am + md (m – 1)] = 2na + nd (n – 1) a = 250
2am + m2d – md = 2an + n2d – nd So, the prize are 250, 230, 210, 190, 170, 150,
2am – 2an + m d – n d – md + nd = 0
2 2 130, 110, 90.
2a (m – n) +d (m2 – n2) – d (m – n) = 0 30. First term = a
(m – n) [2a + (m + n) d – d) = 0 Second term = b
(m – n) [2a + (m + n – 1) d] = 0 last term (an) = c
As m n, 2a + (m + n – 1) d = 0 ( a + c )(b + c − 2a )
To prove: Sn =
Consider 2 (b − a )
Solution: d = b – a
m+n
Sm + n = [2a + (m + n – 1) d]
74 2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 n 12
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] = 5000 + × 55000
2 100
or = 5000 + 550 × 12
n = 5000 + 6600
[a + an]
=
2
= 11600.
n
= [a + c] (i)
2 So, the amount paid for installment is 12200,
We know that an = c 11600.......It forms an AP.
i.e. a + (n – 1) (b – a) = c The 1st term a = 12200
c−a Common Difference d = 11600 – 12200
(n – 1) =
b−a = –600.
c−a
n = +1 The number of terms n = 12.
b−a
c + b − 2a We know that sum of n terms
= (ii)
b−a n
On putting (ii) in (i), we get = (2a + (n – 1)× d)
2
1  c + b − 2a  Therefore the total cost of the shop
Sn = (a + c)   12
2  b−a  = 60000 + (2(12200) + (12 – 1) × (–600))
2
=
( a + c )(b + c − 2a ) = 60000 + 6 (24400 – 6600)
2 (b − a )
= 60000 + 6 × 17800
31. Given that Raghav buys a shop for 120000.
= 60000 + 106800
He pays half of the amount in cash
1 = 166800.
= × 120000
2 The total cost of the shop = 166800.
= 60000.
32. 4th term = a + 3d
Balance amount to be paid = 120000 – 60000
8th term = a + 7d
= 60000.
Sum of the 4th term and 8th term
Given that amount of each installment = 5000.
He agrees to pay the balance in 12 annual = a + 3d + a + 7d = 24.
installments with interest of 12%. ⇒ 2a + 10d = 24
1. Amount of the first installment Take 2 common from the equation......
12
= 5000 + × 60000 a + 5d = 12................(1)
100
= 5000 + 600 × 12 Sum of 6th term and 10th term = 44

= 5000 + 7200 ⇒ a + 5d + a + 9d = 44

= 12200. 2a + 14d = 44

2. Amount of the second installment Take 2 common from equation....

12 a + 7d = 22.................(2)
= 5000 + × (60000 – 5000)
100 By Elimination Method:-
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 75
 a + 5d = 12 with a = 1, d = 2
a + 7d = 22 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
---------------- 2
2d = 10 n
= [2 + (n – 1) 2]
2
d=5
= n [1 + n – 1)
Substitute d = 5 in eq (1)
= n2
a + 5d = 12
4. As terms are in AP,
a + 5(5) = 12
13 – (2p + 1) = (5p – 3) –13
a = 12 – 25
13 – 2p – 1 = 5p – 3 – 13
a = –13
12 + 16 = 7p
• The 1st term 3 term are –13, –13 + 5,
–13 + 10 7p = 28

• –13, –8, –3. p = 4

WORKSHEET 2 5. First term = a

Second term = b
Section A
Last term (an) = 2a
1. Consider an AP: 12, 18, 24, ..., 96
Common difference (d) = b – a
an = a + (n – 1) d
n n
96 = 12 + (n – 1) 6 Sn = [2a + (n – 12d] or [a + an]
2 2
96 – 12 = 6 (n – 1) n
Sn = [a + 2a]
84 2
n–1 = 3a
6 = n (i)
n –1 = 14 2
As an = 2a
n = 15
a + (n – 1) d = 2a
2. Sq = 2q + 3q 2
a + (n – 1) ( b – a) = 2a
Sq – 1 = 2 (q – 1) + 3 (q – 1)2
(n – 1) (b – a) = a
= 2q – 2 + 3q + 3 – 6q
2
a
= 3q2 – 4q + 1 n–1 =
b−a
aq = sq – sq – 1 a
n = +1
b−a
= 2q + 3q2 – 3q2 + 4q – 1 b
n = (ii)
= 6q – 1 b−a
On putting (ii) in (i), we get
aq + 1 = 6q + 6 – 1 = 6q + 5
3a b
∴ d = aq + 1 – aq = 6q + 5 – 6q + 1 Sn =
2 (b − a )
=6
3ab
=
3. Consider AP: 1, 3, 5, 7, ..., n 2 (b − a )

76 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 1 + m 1 + 2m a6 = 4a5 + 3 = 4 (1279) + 3
6. , , , ...
m m m = 5119.
1
Here, a = 10. an = 4n + 5
m
1+ m 1 1 1 a1 = 4 + 5 = 9
d = – = +1– =1 a2 = 4 (2) + 5 = 13
m m m m
an = a + (n – 1) d a3 = 4 (3) + 5 = 17

1 a4 = 4 (4) + 5 = 21
= + (n – 1) 1
m a2 – a1 = 13 – 9 = 4
1 a3 – a2 = 17 – 13 = 4
= +n–1
m a4 – a3 = 21 – 17 = 4
7. Let 184 be the nth term of As difference between the terms is same, the
AP = 3, 7, 11, ... with sequence defined by an = 4n + 5 is an A.P. such
that d = 4.
a = 3
11. A.P : 27, 24, 21, ...
d = 7–3=4
Let sum of n terms of the A.P. be 0.
an = a + (n – 1) d
Here, first term (a) = 27
184 = 3 + (n – 1) 4
Common difference (d) = 24 – 27
184 – 3 = 4 (n – 1)
= –3
181
n–1 = Sn = 0
4
185 n
n = which is not a natural [2a + (n – 1) d] = 0
4 2
number. n
[54 + (n – 1) (–3)] = 0
So, 184 is not a term of AP: 3, 7, 11, ... 2
n (54 – 3n + 3) = 0
8. Consider AP: 254, ..., 14, 9, 4
n (18 – n + 1) = 0
with a = 254
18 – n + 1 = 0
d = 9 – 14 = –5
n = 19
So, a10 = 254 + (10 – 1) (–5)
So, sum of 19 terms is 0.
= 254 – 45
Sm m2
12. =
= 209 Sn n2
9. a1 = 4 am 2m −1
To prove : =
an = 4an – 1 + 3, n > 1 an 2n −1
Sm m2
a2 = 4a1 + 3 = 16 + 3 = 19 As = 2
Sn n
a3 = 4a2 + 3 = 4 (19) + 3 = 79 m
2a + ( m −1) d
a4 = 4a3 + 3 = 4 (79) + 3 = 319 ∴ 2 m2
= 2
n n
a5 = 4a4 + 3 = 4 (319) + 3 = 1279 2a + ( n −1) d
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 77
 2a + (m −1) d 15. A = – 7
m
=
2a + (n −1) d n d=5
(m −1) T18 = a + 17d
a+ d m
2 = = – 7 + 17 × 5
(n −1) n
a+ d = – 7 + 85
2
On replacing m by 2m – 1 and n by 2n – 1 on = 78
both sides of equation, we get
General term = a + (n – 1)d
a + (m −1) d 2m −1 = – 7 + (n – 1) 5
=
a + (n −1) d 2n −1
= – 7 + 5n – 5
3n2 5n
13. Sn = +
2 2 = 5n – 12
We know that an = Sn – Sn – 1
16. a10 = 52
So, a25 = S25 – S24
∴ a + 9d = 52 (i)
3 5  3 5  a17 = 20 + a13
=  (625 + (25) −  (576) + (24)
2 2  2 2 
a + 16d = 20 + a + 12d
1875 125 1728 120
= + − − 4d = 20
2 2 2 2
1875 +125 −1728 −120 d = 5
=
2 From (i), a + 9 (5) = 52
= 76
14. We know a + 45 = 52
(n + 1) a = 7
M= th observation for n = odd
2 So, AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
Therefore the 6th term of this AP is 30
i.e. 7, 12, 17, ...
Therefore A6 = 30
a + 5d = 30 17. a9 = –32

Therefore we need to find S11 a + 8d = –32 (i)

n Also, a11 + a13 = –94
Therefore S11 = (2a + (n – 1)d)
2 a + 10d + a + 12d = –94
11
= (2a + 10d)
2 2a + 22d = –94
11 a + 11d = –47 (ii)
= (2(a + 5d)
2
Replacing value On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
11 a + 11d – a – 8d = –47 + 32
= (2(30))
2 3d = –15
= 11 × 30 d = –5
= 330 From (i), a = –32 – 8d

78 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = –32 – 8 (–5) n
We know that Sn = [a + an]
= –32 + 40 2
n
= 8 420 = [7 + 49]
2
n 420
18. Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] n = = 15
2 28
30 Now, an = 49
S30 = [2a + 29d] ⇒ S30 = 30a + 435d .(i)
2
20 a + (n – 1)d = 49
S20 = [2a + 19d] ⇒ S20 = 20a + 190d
2 7 + (15 – 1)d = 49
10 14d = 42
S10 = [2a + 9d] ⇒ S10 = 10a + 45d
2
3 (S20 – S10) = 3[20a + 190d – 10a – 45d) d = 3.

= 3[10a + 145d] 21. a2 + a7 = 30

= 30a + 435d = S30 [From (i)] a + d + a + 6d = 30

Hence, S30 = 3 (S20 – S10) Hence proved. 2a + 7d = 30 (i)

Also, a15 = 2a8 – 1
19. a14 = 2a8
a + 14d = 2 [a + 7d] – 1
a + 13d = 2 [a + 7d]
a + 14d = 2a + 14d – 1
a + 13d = 2a + 14d
0 = a–1
–d = a
a = 1
a6 = –8
From (i), 2 (1) + 7d = 30
a + 5d = –8
7d = 28
–d + 5d = –8 (As a = –d)
d = 4
4d = –8
So, A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
d = –2
i.e. 1, 5, 9, ....
So, a = –d = 2
1 1
n 22. AP : 18, 15 , 13, ..., –49
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] 2 2
2
20 31 99
∴ S20 = [2 (2) + (20 – 1) (–2)] i.e. 18, , 13, ..., –
2 2 2
= 10 [4 – 38] Here, first term (a) = 18
= 10 (–34) 31
Common difference (d) = – 18
= –340 2
31 − 36 5
20. First term (a) = 7 = = –
2 2
Last term (an) = 49 99
Last term (an) = –
Sn = 420 2
99
a + (n – 1) d = –
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 79
  5 99 24. a8 = 31
18 + (n – 1)  −  = –
 2 2 a + 7d = 31 (i)
5 99 a15 = a11 + 16
– (n – 1) = – – 18
2 2
a + 14d = a + 10d + 16
5 −99 − 36
– (n – 1) = 4d = 16
2 2
d = 4 (ii)
5 135
– (n – 1) = – From (i), a + 28 = 31
2 2
135 2 a = 3
n–1 = – × = 27
2 –5 So, A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
n = 28 i.e. 3, 7, 11, ...
So, number of terms (n) = 28 25. a15 = 3 + 2a7
n
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] a + 14d = 3 + 2 (a + 6d)
2
a + 14d = 3 + 2a + 12d
28   −5  
S28 = 36 + ( 28 −1)    0 = a – 2d + 3 (i)
2   2 
Also, a10 = 41
 135 
= 14 36 −
 2  a + 9d = 41 (ii)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
 72 −135 
=   a + 9d – a + 2d = 41 + 3
 2 
= 7 (–63) 11d = 44
= –441 d = 4
23. an = –4n + 15 From (ii), a + 9(4) = 41
a1 = –4 + 15 = 11 a = 41 – 36
a2 = –4 (2) + 15 = –8 + 15 = 7 = 5
a3 = –12 + 15 = 3.
We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
So, First term (a) = 11
Common difference (d) = 7 – 11 = – 4 = 5 + (n – 1) 4
We know that = 4n + 1
n 26. Consider an AP = 504, 511, 518,..., 896
Sn = [2a + (n – 11d]
2
Here, first term (a) = 504
20
S20 = [2(11) + (20 – 1) ( –4)] Common difference (d) = 511 – 504 = 7
2
= 10 [22 – 76] Last term (an) = 896
= 10 (–54) As an = 896
= – 540 a + (n – 1)d = 896

80 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 504 + (n – 1) 7 = 896 n
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
7 (n – 1) = 392 2
17
n – 1 = 56 S17 = [6 + (17 – 1) 6]
2
n = 57 17
= [6 + 96]
n 2
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2 = 867
57 29. First term (a) = 8
∴ S57 = [2(504 + (57 – 1)7]
2
Last term (an) = 350
57
= [1008 + 392]
2 Common difference (d) = 9
= 39900
As an = 350
27. First term (a) = 5
a + (n – 1)d = 350
Let d be the common difference
8 + (n – 1) 9 = 350
1
S4 = [S8 – S4] 9 (n – 1) = 342
2
4 342 114
i.e. [2a + (4 – 1) d] n–1 = = = 38
2 9 3
1 8 4  n – 1 = 38
=  2a + ( 8 −1) d − 2a + ( 4 –1) d 
2 2 2  n = 39
i.e. 2 (2a + 3d) = 2 (2a + 7d) – (2a + 3d) We know that
4a + 6d = 4a + 14d – 2a – 3d n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
4a + 6d = 2a + 11d 2
39
2a = 5d S39 = [16 + (39 – 1) 9]
2
2a 2 39
d = = (5) = 2 = [16 + 342]
5 5 2
So, common difference (d) = 2 = 6981
28. A.P: 3, 9, 15, ..., 99 30. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common
Here, first term (a) = 3 difference be ‘d’.
Common difference (d) = 9 – 3 S10 = –150
= 6 11
[2a + (10 – 1) d] = –150
2
Last term (an) = 99 5 (2a + 9d) = –150
a + (n – 1)d = 99 2a+ 9d = –30 (i)
3 + (n – 1)6 = 99 Also, S20 – S10 = –550
6 (n – 1) = 96 20 10
(2a + 19d) – (2a + 9d) = –550
n – 1 = 16 2 2
10 (2a + 19d) – 5 (2a + 9d) = –550
n = 17
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 81
 2 (2a + 19d) – (2a + 9d) = –110 D
= A (q – r + r – p + p – r) + [(p – 1) (q – r)
4a + 38d – 2a – 9d = –110 2
+ (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q)]
2a + 29d = –110 (ii)
D
=0+ [pq – pr – q + r + qr – qp – r + p +
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 2
2a + 9d – 2a – 29d = –30 + 110 rp – rq – p + q]

– 20d = 80 =0+0

d = –4 =0

From (i), 2a + 9( –4) = –30 32. Let a and d be the first term and common
term of an A.P.
2a = –30 + 36 1
am =
2a = 6 n
1
a = 3 a + (m – 1) d = (i)
n
So, A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ... 1
Also, an =
i.e. 3, 3 – 4, 3 – 8, ... m
1
i.e. 3, –1, –5, ... a + (n – 1) d = (ii)
m
Section D On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

31. Let A, D be first term and common difference 1 1

a + (n – 1)d – a – (m – 1)d = –
respectively. m n
p n−m
Sp = a [2A + (p – 1) D ] = a d (n – 1 – m + 1) =
2 mn
q n−m
Sq = b [2A + (q – 1) D ] = b d (n – m) =
2 mn
r
Sr = c [2A + (r – 1) D ] = c 1
2 d =
Consider mn
a b c 1 1
(q – r) + (r – p) + (p – q) From (i), a + (m – 1) =
p q r mn n
1 p 1 q 1 1
= [2A + (p – 1) D] (q – r) + [2A + a + (m – 1) =
p 2 q 2 mn n
1 r 1 1 1
(q – 1) D) (r – p) + [2A + (r – 1)D] (p – q) a+ – =
r 2 n mn n
1 1 1
= [2A + (p – 1) D] (q – r) + [2A + (q – 1) D] a =
2 2 mn
1
(r – p) + [2A + (r – 1) D] (p – q) Consider
2
D
= [A (q – r) + A (r – p) + A (p – q)] + [(p – 1) mn  2 1 
Smn =  + ( mn −1)
mn 
2
2  mn
(q – r) + (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q)]

82 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 mn  2 1  25 15
=  +1− = × (1 + 15) = 750 m3
2  mn mn  4 2
mn  1  34. Let the first term and common difference of
=  +1 an A.P. be a and d respectively.
2  mn 
Let S and S1 be the sum of odd terms and even
mn  mn +1 terms of A.P.
=
2  mn  S = a1 + a3 + a5 + .... + a2n + 1
1 n +1
= (mn + 1) = (a1 + a2n + 1)
2 2
33. Length of each step = 50 m n +1
= [a + a + (2n + 1 – 1) d]
1 2
Width of each step = m = (n + 1) (a + nd)
2
1 S1 = a2 + a4 + a6 + .... + a2n
Height of first step = m n
4 S1 = [2a + 2nd]
1 1 1 2
Height of second step = + = m = n (a + nd)
4 4 2
3
Height of third step = m so on. S (n +1)( a + nd)
Consider =
4 S1 n ( a + nd)
Volume of concrete required to build the first n +1
1 1 =
step (V1) = 50 × × m3 n
2 4
35. Consider 1, 2, 3, ..., 999, 1000
Volume of concrete required to build the
This sequence forms an AP with first term
1  1
second step (V2) = 50 × ×  2 ×  (a) = 1 and common difference (d) = 1
2  4
1 3 3 We know that
(V3) = 50 × × m and so on.
2 4 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
Total volume of concrete 2
= V1 + V2 + V3 + ... + V15 1000
S1000 = [2 + (1000 – 1) 1]
2
 1 1  1  1 
=  50 × ×  + 50 × ×  2 ×   = 500 (2 + 999)
 2 4  2  4 
= 500 (1001)
 1 1  1  1 
+  50 × × 3 ×  + .... + 50 × × 15 ×   = 500500
 2 4  2  4 
Now consider list of numbers divisible by 2:
 1 1 2 3 15  2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 1000
=  50 ×   + + + .... + 
 2 4 4 4 4 This sequence also forms an AP with a = 2,
1000
1 2 3 15  d = 2, n = = 500
= 25  + + + .... +  m3 2
4 4 4 4 500
S500 = [2 (2) + (500 – 1) 2]
25 2
= (1 + 2 + .... + 15) m3 = 250 (4 + 499 (2)]
4
= 250500
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 83
 Again, consider list of numbers divisible by 5: n
= [304 – 4n]
5, 10, 15, ..., 1000 2
1000 = n (152 – 2n)
Here, a = 5, d = 5, n = = 200
5 If the workers did not drop,
200
S200 = [10 + (200 – 1) 5] work would have been finished in (n – 8) days
2
such that 150 workers work on each day.
= 100 [10 + 5 (199)]
∴ Total number of workers who worked all
= 100500 the n days = 150 (n – 8)
Now, we will consider list of numbers divisible ∴ n(152 – 2n) = 150 (n – 8)
by both 2 and 5 i.e. 2 × 5 = 10
152 n – 2n2 = 150n – 1200
10, 20, 30, ..., 1000
152n – 150n = 2n2 – 1200
This list of numbers form an AP with
2n2 – 2n – 1200 = 0
1000
a = 10, d = 10, n = = 100 n2 – n – 600 = 0
10
100 n2 – 25n + 24n – 600 = 0
S100 = [20 + (100 – 1) 10]
2
n (n – 25) + 24 (n – 25) = 0
= 50 (20 + 990)
(n + 24) (n – 25) = 0
= 50500
n = –24, n = 25
Therefore, sum of numbers which are either
divisible by 2 or 5 Being the number of days, n cannot be negative,
so, n = 25
= S200 + S500 – S100
= 100500 + 250500 – 50500 ∴ Work would be completed in 25 days
= 300500 37. Consider the sequence: 200, 250, 300, ...
So, sum of numbers from 1 to 1000 that are This sequence form an AP with first term
neither divisible by 2 nor by 5 (a) = 200 and common difference (d) = 50
2 nor by S = S1000 – 300500 We know that
= 500500 – 300500 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
= 200000 2
36. Suppose the work is completed in n days 30
S30 = [2 (200) + (30 – 1) 50]
2
Consider an AP: 150, 146, 142, ...
= 15 [400 + 1450]
Here, First term (a) = 150
Common difference (d) = – 4 = 27,750
Total number of workers who worked all the ∴ The contractor has to pay $ 27,750 as
n days. = Sn penalty, if he has delayed the work by 30
n days.
= [2 (150) + (n – 1) (–4)]
2 38. Consider AP: 20, 19, 18, ....
n
= (300 – 4n + 4) Here, First term (a) = 20
2
Common difference (d) = – 1
84 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let 200 logs be placed in n rows b−a c −b
i.e. =
∴ Sn = 200 (b + c )( a + c ) ( a + b )( a + c )
n c −b
[2(20) + (17 – 1) (–1)] = 200 b−a
2 i.e. =
n b+c a+b
[40 – n + 1] = 200
2 i.e. (b – a) (a + b) = (c – b) (b + c)
n (41 – n) = 400
i.e. ab + b2 – a2 – ab = bc + c2 – b2 – bc
–n + 41n – 400 = 0
2
i.e. b2 – a2 = c2 – b2
n – 41n + 400 = 0
2
∴ a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
n – 16n – 25n + 400 = 0
2
40. 10m 5m 5m
n (n – 16) – 25 (n – 16) = 0 Well
(n – 16) (n – 25) = 0
Distance covered by gardener to water 1st
n = 16 or 25 tree and return to the initial position
If n = 25, = 10 m + 10 m = 20 m
a25 = 20 + (25 – 1) (–1) Distance covered by gardener to water 2nd
= 20 – 24 tree and return to initial position

= –4 not possible = 15 m + 15 m = 30 m

So, n = 16 Distance covered by gardener to water 3rd

tree and return to initial position.
So, 200 logs are placed in 16 rows.
= 20 m + 20 m = 40 m
a16 = 20 + (16 – 1) (– 1)
So, we get an AP: 20, 30, 40, ...
= 20 – 15 = 5
With first term (a) = 20
So, there are 5 logs in the top row.
difference (d) = 10
39. Given : a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
Total distance covered by the gardener
1 1 1
To prove : , , are in A.P. = S25
b+c c+a a+b
25
1 1 1 = [2 (20) + (25 – 1) 10]
, , are in AP 2
b+c c+a a+b 25
1 1 = [40 + 240]
1 1 2
if − = −
c+a b+c a+b c+a 25
= × 280
(b + c ) − ( c + a ) (a + c) − (a + b) 2
= 25 × 140
i.e. =
(b + c )( a + c ) ( a + b )( a + c )
= 3500 m
b+c−c−a a + c −a −b
i.e. = ∴ Total distance covered by the gardener
(b + c )( a + c ) ( a + b )( a + c ) to water all trees = 3500 m

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10 85
 Chapter

06 Triangles
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AX AY
=
BX YC
1. ∆ ABC ~ ∆ PQR
ar ∆ABC  BC 
2 AX AY
∴ = +1 = +1
ar ∆PQR  QR  BX YC
AB AC
( 4.5)
2
9 =
⇒ = BX CY
16 ( QR )2
4BX AC
4.5 × 4.5 ×16 = (∴AB = 4BX)
⇒ (QR)2 = BX 2
9
AC
4.5 × 4 4 = 25
⇒ QR = 2
3 AC = 8 cm
= 1.5 x 4
= 6 cm So, AY = AC – CY
2. We know that ratio of area of two similar =8–2
triangles is equal to square of ratio of their
Corresponding sides (say x and y) = 6 cm
2
9 x Option (d)
⇒ = 
16  y  4.
x 3 A
⇒ =
y 4
Option (a)
3.
A
4BX

B C
X Y
2 cm AB2 = 2 AC2
= AC2 + AC2
B C
AS XY ll BC, so by basic proportionality theorem = AC2 + BC2 +

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
1
 [∴ AC = BC] 2.
A B
∴ AB2 = Ac2 + BC2
∴ ∆ABC is a triangle right angled at C
i.e. ∠C = 90o
O

Option (c)
D C
5. A AC = 30 cm
BD = 40 cm

1
m

OA = OC = AC = 15 cm
5c
6c

2
m

1
OB = OD = BD = 20 cm
2
In ∆ AOB, ∠AOB = 90O
B 3 cm D C
(Diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at 90o)
AS AD bisects ∠BAC
AB2 = AO2 + OB2 (Pythagoras theorem)
AB AC
∴ = = (152) + (202)
BD CD
[By internal angle bisector theorem] = 225 + 400

6 5 = 625
⇒ =
3 CD AB = 25 cm
3× 5
⇒ CD = = 2.5 cm ∴ AB = BC = CA = AD = 25 cm
6
Option (b) (All sides of rhombus are equal)

WORKSHEET 1 3.
A
Section A
6 cm
1. ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF
In ∆ ABC, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180o
57o + ∠B 73o = 180o C B
∠B + 130o = 180o
In ∆ ABC,
∠B = 108 – 130o o
AC = BC = 6 cm (AS ∆ ABC is isosceles)
= 50 o
Also, ∠C = 90o
∴ ∠E = ∠B = 50o ∴ AB2 = AC2 + BC2 (Pythagoras theorem)
[Corresponding angles of similar triangles are = 62 + 62
equal.]
= 36 + 36
2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 AB2   = 72 6. We know that ratio of the areas of two similar
triangles is equal to the square of their altitudes.
AB  =6 2 cm 2
2
4. As, ∆DEF ~ ∆ABC ∴ Ratio of areas =   = 4.9
3
7. Given: abc~def
DE EF DF
= =
AB BC AC Find: Area of def
Area of def ef
DE 4 DF =
= = Area of abc Bc
3 2 2.5
Area of def 4
=
DE 4 4 DF 54 3
= = 54
3 2 2 2.5 Area of def = 4 ×
3
12 4 × 2.5 Area of def = 4 × 18
DE = DF =
2 2
= 6 cm = 5 cm Area of def = 72cm

Perimeter of ∆ DEF = DF + EF + DF 8.

= 6 + 4 + 5 = 15 cm B N

5. A
8m

D E
W E
A 15 m O

B C
Let AE = x cm
∴ CE = AC – AE = 5.6 – x cm S
In ∆BAO, ∠BAO = 90o
As DE II BC,
OB2 = AB² + AO2 (Pythagoras theorem)
AD AE
= = 82 + 152
DB CE
(By Basic proportionality theorem) = 64 + 225
3 x = 289
=
5 5.6 − x ∴ OB = 17m
5x = 3 (5.6 -x)
Section B
5x = 16.8 - 3x
9. ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF,
8x = 16.8
ar ∆ABC BC 2
x = 2.1 cm =
ar ∆DEF EF 2
∴ AE = x =2.1 cm
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
3
 (In two similar triangles, the ratio of their areas In ∆ ADC, AF bisects ∠ DAC
is the square of ratio of their sides) CF AC
∴ =
64 BC 2
DF AD
=
121 (15.4 )2 AC
= (i) (As AB = AD)
64 AB
(BC)2 = x 15.4 x 15.4
121 In ∆ABC, AE bisects ∠ BAC
∴ BC = 11.2 cm CE AC
   = (ii)
BE AB
10. A
From (i), (ii)
CF CE
   =
DF BE
E F
∴ EF II BD
(By converse of Basic proportionaly theorem)

B D C 12. In ∆AOB ~ ∆COD

 ∠AOB = ∠COD (Vertically opposite angles)
In ∆ADB, DE is bisector of ∠ ADB
BD AO BO
AD = (Given)
= OC DO
BE AE
BD BE ∴ ∆AOB ~ ∆AOB (SAS)
i.e. = (i)
AD AE AO BO AB
So, = =
In ∆ADB, DF is bisector of ∠ADC OC OD DC
CD AD (Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
=
CF AF proportional)
CD CF 1 5
i.e. = =
AD AF 2 CD
BD CF
= (ii) CD = 10 cm
AD AF
(As AD is median ∴ BD = CD) 13. In ∆ KPN and ∆ KLM,
From (i) and (ii), we get
∠K =∠K (Common)
BE CF
= ∠ KNP = ∠ KML = 46o (Given)
AE AF
AE AF ∴ ∆KPN ~ ∆KLM (AA similarity criterion)
=
BE CF KP PN KN
So, by converse of Basic proportionality theorem = =
KL LM KM
EF II BC x c
=
a b+c
11. ac
x =
b+c

C
4 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
14. In ∆ABC, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
A B
(2x + 6)2 = x2 + (2x + 4)2
F E 4x2 + 36 + 24x = x2 + 4x2 + 16 +16x
O = x2 – 20 – 8x
D C x2 – 8x – 20 =0
In ∆AFD and ∆BEF
x2 – 10x + 2 (x2 – 10) = 0
(Alternate intetior angles) (x2 – 10) (x – 2) =0
∠AFD = ∠BFE x = 10, – 2
(Vertically opposite angles) Being a side, x = – 2 is rejected
∴ ∆AFD ~ ∆EFB ∴ x = 10
EF FB So, AB = 10 m
So, =
FA DF
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are   BC = 2x + 4 = 24 m
proportional.)   AC = 2x + 6 = 26 m
DF x EF = FB x FA
17. We know that diagonals of rhombus bisect
each other at 90o.
15. As DE II AC, So in ∆ABC
BC BE Let AC = 24 cm
= (i)
CP EC BD = 10 cm
1
(Basic proportionality theorem) AO = OC = AC = 12 cm
2
BE BC 1
Also, = (ii) (Given) BO = OD = BD = 5 CM
EC CP 2
BD BC In ∆AOB,
From (i), (ii), we have =
AD CP AB2 = BO2 + AO2
∴ DC II AP
= 52 + 122
(By converse of Basic proportionality theorem.)
= 25 + 144
16.
A = 169
2x+6 ∴ AB = 13 cm
x
As all sides of rhombus are equal,

B 2x+ 4 C AB = BC = CD = AD = 13 cm

18. In ∆ABC, DE II BC
Let the shorter side be x m
∴ Hypotenuse = 2x + 6
AD AE
=
DB EC
Also, Third side = 2x + 6 -2
[ Basic proportionality theorem ]
= 2x + 4
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
5
 x x−2 BC BQ CQ
= = =
x−2 x −1 AC AP CP
x (x – 1) = (x – 2) (x + 2) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional]
x2 – x = x2 – 4 BC Z
= (i)
  x =4 AC x
In DABQ and DACR,
Section C ∠BAQ = ∠CAR (common)
19. A ∠ABQ = ∠ACR = 90°
p cm
(BQ and RC are perpendicular)
∴ DABQ ~ DACR (AA Similarity creterior)
AB BQ AQ
B q cm C = =
AC CR AR
In ∆ ABC, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 AB Z
= (ii)
P2 = AB2 + q2 AC Y
AB2 = p2 – q2 From (i),
BC z
= (p – q) (p + q) 1– =1–
AC x
= 1 (p + q) AC – BC x–z
=
AB² = p + q AC x
AB x–z
AB = p +q = (iii)
AC x
QT QR From (ii) and (iii)
20. = (Given)
PR QS AB z x–z
= =
In DPQR, ∠1 = ∠2 AC y x
∴ PQ = PR z z
=1 –
y x
[ sides opposite to equal angles are equal]
z z
QT QR + =1
So, = x y
PR QS
1 1 1
Also, ∠Q = ∠Q (common) + =
x y z
∴ DPQS ~ DTQR 22. A
[ By SAS Similarity cretirion]

21. In DCBQ and DCAP,

∠BCQ = ∠ACP (common) 2a 2a
∠QBC = ∠PAC = 90°
(PA and QB are perpendicular)
∴ DCBQ ~ DCAP (AA Similarity creterion) B D C
2a
6 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Draw AD ⊥ BC Let AC = CE denotes the ladder
In DADB and DADC In DABC, AC² = AB² + BC²
AB = AC = 2a (Given) 15² = 12² + BC²
AD = AD 225 – 144 = BC²
(Common)
BC² = 81
∠ADB = ∠ADC
BC =9m
= 90° (By Construction)
In DCDE, CE² = DE² + CD²
∴ DADB ≅ DADC (RHS)
15² = 9² + CD²
1
∴ BD = DC = BC
2 225 – 81 = CD²
=a (CPCT)
144 = CD²
In DADC, right angled at D
12 = CD
AC² = AD² + DC²
So, BD = BC + CD
(2a) = AD² + a²
2
= 9 + 12 = 21 m
AD² = 4a² – a² = 3a²
Section D
AD 3a=
25. In DXPQ and DXYZ,
So, length of the altitude of an equilateral
XP XQ
triangle = 3 a cm = =3 (Given)
PY XZ
23. In DAOB, XY || AB ∠X = ∠X (Common)
OX OY ∴ DXPQ ~ DXYZ
∴ =
AX BY (SAS Similarity creterion)
(i) [ Basic Proportionality theorem ]
ar  XPQ  XP 
2
 PQ 
2
 XQ 
2

So, ar  XYZ =   =  YZ  =  XZ 
In DAOC, XZ || AC  XY     
OZ OX [ Ratio of area of two similar triangles is equal
∴ =
ZC AX to square of their corresponding sides]
(ii) [ Basis Proportionality theorem ] 2
ar  XPQ  XP  3
2

OY OZ =  = 
By (i) and (ii), = 32  XY  4
BY ZC
∴ YZ || BC 9
ar DXPQ = × 32  XP 
[ By Converse of Basic proportionality theorem]
16  Py = 3 
 
A  Py 1 
24. E  XP = 3 
 
15  Py +1= 1 +1
m m  XP 3 
12 m 15 9m  XY 4 
 = 
 XP 3 
B C D
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
7
 = 18 cm² = AC × AC
area of quadrilateral PYZQ = AC²
= ar DXYZ – ar DXPQ ∴ AB² + BC² = AC²

= 32 – 18 27. As XY || AC
= 14 cm² ∠BXY = ∠A  (Corresponding angles)

26. B ∠BYX = ∠C (Corresponding angles)

∴ DABC ~ DXBY (AA Similarity Creterion)
D
2
ar  ABC  AB 
So, =  (i)
ar  XBY  XB 
[ Ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal
A C to square of ratio of their corresponding sides]
In DABC, right angled at B,
Also, ar DABC = 2 ar (XBY)
We need to prove AC² = AB² + BC²
ar  ABC 2
Draw BD⊥ AC i.e. = (ii)
ar  XBY 1
We know that if a perpendicular drawn From (i) and (ii),
from the vertex of the right angle
2
of a right triangle to the hypotenuse  AB  2
then triangles on both sides of the  XB  =
  1
perpendicular are similar to the whole
triangle and to each other. AB 2
=
XB 1
So, DCBA and DCDB
XB 1
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles =
AB 2
are proportionals XB 1
∴ 1– =1–
CB CA AB 2
=
CD CB AB − XB 2 −1
CB² = CA x CD (i) =
AB 2
Also, DABC and DADB XB 2 −1 2− 2
= =
AB BC AC AB 2 2
= =
AD BD AB 28. A
AB AC
=
AD AB
c
AB² = AC × AD (ii) b D
p
From (i) and (ii),

AB² + BC² = AC × AD + AC × CD C a B

= AC (AD + CD) In DACB, right angled at C such that CD ⊥ AB.

8 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 We know that if a perpendicular is drawn from DADF ~ DABC
the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle
DBDE ~ DABC
to the hypotenuse then triangles on both sides
of the perpendicular are similar to the whole DCEF ~ DABC
triangle and to each other
Proof:-
So, DBDC ~ DBCA
Consider the DADF and DABC
BD DC BC
∴ = = Since D and F are the mid points of AB and
BC CA BA
AC respectively.
p a
i.e. =
b c ∴ DF // BC
pc = ab ⇒ ∠AFD = ∠B (Corresponding angles are
ab equal)
⇒ p =
c Now, in DADF and DABC, we have
a2 b2 ∠ADF = ∠B(Corresponding angles)
⇒ p² = 2
c
1 ∠A = ∠A(Common)
c2
⇒ 2 = 2 2
p ab By AA similar conditions,
In DACB, AC² + BC² = AB²b² + a² = c² DADF ~ DABC

1 a2 + b2 Similarly, we have
= 2 2
p2 a b DBDE ~ DABC
1 a2 b2 DCEF ~ DABC
= 2 2 + 2 2
p2 a b a b
1 1 1 ∴ EF // AB
= 2 + 2
p2 a b ⇒ EF // AD..........(1)

29. A And, DE // AC
⇒ DE // AF..........(2)
From eqn (1) and (2), we have
ADEF is a parallelogram.
D F
Similarly, BDFE is a parallelogram.
Now, in DABC and DDEF
∠A = ∠FED  ( Opposite angles of
parallelogram)
B E C
∠B = ∠DFE  ( Opposite angles of
Given that:- parallelogram)
DABC in whichD, E, F are the mid points of Therefore, by AA similar condition
sides AB, BC and CA respectively.
DABC ~ DDEF
To prove:- each of the triangles are similar to
the original triangle, i.e., Hence proved that each of the triangles are
similar to the original triangle.

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
9
 30. E A B 31.
A P
1
1 2 3 4

3
D C
2
B D C Q S R
Given : AD and PS are bisectors of ∠A and
4 ∠P respectively. Such that
F BD QS
=
Consider DEDA and DEFB DC SR
To prove = DABC ~DPQR
∠1 = ∠2 (Common)
Proof In DABC, AD is bisector of ∠A
∠3 = ∠4
AB AC
[ Corresponding angles as AD || BF ] ∴ =
BD CD
∴ DEDA ~ DEFB AB BD
i.e. = (i)
AC CD
(AA Similarity Creterion)
In DPQR, PS is bisector of ∠P
DA EA
∴ = PQ PR
FB EB ∴ =
QS RS
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles
proportional ] PQ QS
i.e. = (ii)
PR RS
DA FB
⇒ = (i) BD QS
AE BE Also, = (iii)
Consider DEDA and DDFC DC SR
From (i), (ii), (iii), we get
∠1 = ∠2 (Corresponding angles as BE || CD)
AB PQ AB AC
= ⇒ =
∠3 = ∠4 (Corresponding angles as AD || BF) AC PR PQ PR
Also, ∠A = ∠P (Given)
∴ DEDA ~ DDFC (AA Similarity Creterion)
∴ DABC ~ DPQR
ED DA EA
∴ = = 32. A
DF FC DC
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional] E
DA EA
i.e. =
FC DC
DA FC B D C
⇒ = (ii)
AE CD DABC is a right triangle right-angled at B
From (i) and (ii),
∴ AD² = AB² + BD²
DA FB FC
= = (By Pythagoras tearoom)
AE BE CD
10 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2 2
 BC  ar  ABC  AB 
⇒ AD² = AB² +   [ ∵ BD = DC ] ∴ = 
 2  ar DEF  DE 
1 [ Ratio of areas of similar triangles is
⇒ AD² = AB² + BC² (i) Proportional to the square of ratio of ratio
4
Also, ∆BCE is a right triangle right angled at of their corresponding sides ]
B
( 26 )
2
169
∴ CE² = BC² + BE² ⇒ =
121 DE
2
 AB  ( 26 )
2
⇒ CE² = BC² +   [ ∵ BE = EA] ×121
 2  ⇒ DE² =
169
1
⇒mCE² = BC² + AB² (ii) 26 ×11
4 ⇒ DE = = 22 cm
13
On adding (i) and (ii), we get
3.
A
5
AD² + CE² = (AB² + BC²)
4
5
⇒ AD² + CE² = AC²
4
[ As ∆ABC is right triangle 3 cm
∴ AC² = AB² + BC² ]
2
3 5  5
⇒   + CE² = (25) B D C
 2  4
∆ABC is equilateral and AD is the Median
125 45
⇒ CE² = – = 20 such that AD = 3 cm
4 4
In an equilateral triangle, median and
∴ CE = 20 cm = 2 5 cm
altitude are same

WORKSHEET 2 ∴ AD ⊥ BC
1
Also, DC = AC
Section A 2
[ As AD is the Median ]
1. ∆ABC ~ ∆RPQ
BC AC AC² = AD² + CD²
AB
∴ = = 2

( 3) 1 
RP PQ RQ 2
AC² = +  AC 
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles are 2 
proportional] 1
AC² =3+ AC²
3 5 6 4
∴ = =
6 10 RQ 3
AC² = 3
6 ×10 4
RQ = = 12 cm AC² =4
5
2. DABC ~ DDEF AC = 2 cm

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
11
 4. D C 2
1  2 
3 =  
x– x+ 2+4
2
O x– 2

5 1 2
=  
x+ 2 6
A B 1
In DCOD and DAOB, =
9
∠1 = ∠2 6. DE || BC
[ Corresponding angles as AB || CD] AD AC
∴ =
∠AOB = ∠COD BD CE
(Basic Proportionality theorem)
[Vertically opposite angles]
BD CE
∴ DCOD ~ DAOB ⇒ =
AD AE
CO OD CD BD CE
∴ = = ⇒ +1 = +1
AO OB AB AD AE
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles are BD + AD CE + AE
proportional. ] ⇒ =
AD AE
x +3 x −2 AB AC
= =
x +5 x −1 AD AE
Also, ∠A = ∠A (Common)
⇒ (x + 3) (x – 1) = (x – 2) (x + 5)
∴ DADE ~ DABC
⇒ x² + 2x – 3 = x² + 3x – 10
⇒ 7 =x AD DE AE
⇒ = =
AB BC AC
5. In DSPT and DQPR, [ Corresponding sides of similar triangles
∠PST = ∠PQR are proportional]

[ Corresponding angles as ST || QR ] AD DE
⇒ =
AB BC
∠PTS = ∠PRQ 1.5 DE
⇒ =
∴ DSPT ~ DQPR 6 8
1.5 × 8
[AA Similarity Creterion] ⇒ DE = = 2 cm
6
2
arPST  PT  7. As MN || AB,
∴ = 
arPQR  PR  CM CN
=
[Ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal AM BN
to square of ratio of their corresponding [Basic proportionality theorem]
sides]
2 2 BC − BN
 PT  =
=   4 BN
 PT + TR 

12 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 7.5 − BN = AB²
2 = ∴ DABC is right angled triangle
BN
∴ BN = 15 – 2BN [ As we know that in a triangle, if square of
one side is equal to sum of the squares of
⇒ 3BN = 15 other two sides then the angle opposite the
BN = 5 cm first side is a right angle. ]

8. We know that ratio of area of two similar Section B

triangles is equal to square of ratio of their
corresponding sides. 11. D

cm
So, Ratio of corresponding sides

2.5
5 R
25
= =
64 8

m
5c
9. DE || BC
E 1.5 cm S 3.5 cm F
AD AE
⇒ = In a triangle ΔDEF, R and S are two points on
DB CE
[ Basic proportionality theorem ] the sides DE and EF respectively. ER=5cm,
RD=2.5cm, FS=3.5 and SD=1.5cm.
DB CE ER 5 2 FS 3.5 7
⇒ +1 = +1 ∴ = = and = =
AD AE RD 2.5 1 SD 1.5 3
AB AC ER FS
⇒   = ≠
AD AE RD SD
Also, ∠A = ∠A (Common) ∴, RS is not parallel to DF.
∴ DADE ~ DABC A
12.
(SAS Similarity Creterion)
5 3M

2
ar  ADE  DE 
∴ =  
ar  ABC  BC 
2
2 
 3 BC  B 5M C
ar  ADE  
= 2 In DABC, right angled at B
81 BC
AC² = AB² + BC
ar  ADE 4
=
81 9
( )
2
+ ( 5)
2
= 5 3
4
ar DADE = × 81 = 36 cm² = 75 + 25
9
10. Considers AC² + BC² = 100

= AC² + AC² (∵ AC = BC) ∴ AC = 10 M

= 2AC²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13
 13. A AD AE
=
AD + 3 AD 18
1 AE
   =
D E 4 18
18 9
 AE = = = 4.5 cm
4 2
14. Consider DABC with sides as
B C
AB = (a – 1) cm
As DE || BC

AD AE
BC ( )
= 2 a cm
=
DB CE AC = (a + 1) cm
BD CE
= Consider AB² + BC²
AD AE
( )
2
= ( a −1) + 2 a
2
BD CE
⇒ +1= +1
AD AE
= a² + 1 – 2a + 4a
AB AC
⇒ = = a² + 2a + 1
AD AE
AD AE
= ( a +1)
2
⇒ = (i)
AB AC
Also, ∠A = ∠A (Common) = AC²
∴ DABC is a right angled triangle
∴ DADE ~ DABC (SAS Similarity Creterion)
[ As we know that in a triangle if square of one
AD DE AE side is equal to the sum of squares of other two
∴ = = sides, then the angle opposite the first side is a
AB BC AC
right angle i.e. triangle is right angled ]
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
15. A
proportional ]

AD AE
⇒ =
AD + BD AC

AD 4.5
⇒ =
AD + 3 AD AC

AD 4.5 B D C
⇒ = Draw AD ⊥ BC
4 AD AC
⇒   AC = 4.5 × 4 = 18 cm In DADB and DADC
AD AE AD = AD  (Common)
Also, = ( From (i) )
AB AC
AB = AC  (DABC is equilateral)
AD AE
= ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90° (By Construction)
AD + BD 18

14 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ∴ DADB ≅ DADC (RHS) CD CE
  =
1 1 BD BE
⇒ CD = BC = 3 3 cm [CPCT] BD CD
2 2
⇒ =
In DADC, BE CE

AC² = AD² + CD² 17. A D

2
3 3 
( )
2
3 3 = AD² + 
 2 
  P
27
AD² = 27 –
4
108 − 27 B C
= To prove: AP × PC = BP × PD
4
81 Consider DAPB and DDPC
=
4
9 ∠BAP = ∠CDP = 90° (Given)
∴ AC = = 4.5 cm
2
∠APB = ∠DPC
16. F
(Vertically opposite angles)
A
∴ DAPB ~ DDPC (AA similarity
crelerion)
AP PB AB
∴ = =
DP PC DC
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional)
B D C E
AP PB
BD CD ⇒ =
To prove = = DP PC
BE CE ⇒ AP × PC = BP × PD
As AD bisects ∠BAC,
18. Consider DQPM and DRSM
AB AC
=  [Interior angle bisector ∠QPM = ∠RSM = 90°
BD CD
theorem]
∠QMP = ∠RMS
CD AC
∴ = (i) (Vertically opposite angles)
BD AB
Also, AE bisects ∠CAF ∴ DQPM ~ DRSM (AA similarity Creterion)
BE CE QP PM QM
∴ =
AB AC ∴ = =
RS SM RM
BE AB
⇒ = [ Corresponding sides of similar triangles
CE AC are proportional ]
CE AC
⇒ = (ii) PM QM
BE AB i.e. =
From (i) and (ii) SM RM

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
15
 3 QM (AA similarity creterion)
  =
4 6 AO OB AB
3× 6 3× 3 ∴ = =
    QM = = = 4.5 cm CO OD CD
4 2 [Corresponding sides of similar triangles
19. are proportional. ]
A
OB AB
⇒ =
OD CD
3 AB
⇒   =
1 CD
⇒ AB = 3CD

Section C
B D C 21. In DADE and DABC,
AD bisects ∠A So, by Interior angle ∠A = ∠A (Common)
bisector theorem
∠ADE = ∠ABC (Given)
AB BD
=
AC DC ∴ DADE ~ DABC (AA similarity
AB BD createrion)
= =1
AC DC
AD DE AE
[ ∵ BD = DC as D is a midpoint of BC] ⇒ = =
AB BC AC
  AB = AC [Corresponding sides of similar triangles
∴ DABC is an isosceles. are proportional]

20. AD DE
∴   =
A B AB BC
7.6 DE
3 ⇒ =
AE + BE 8.4
1 O
7.6 DE
⇒ =
7.2 + 4.2 8.4
D C 7.6 DE
⇒   =
Here,AC divides the diagonal BD in the ratio 1 : 3 11.4 8.4

Consider DAOB and DCOD 7.6 × 8.4

⇒   DE =
11.4
∠BAO = ∠DCO = 5.6 cm
(Alternate interior angles as AB || CD)
22. In DABC, LM || BC
∠AOB = ∠COD AM AL
∴ =
(Vertically opposite angles) BM CL
(i) [ Basic proportionality theorem ]
∴ DAOB ~ DCOD

16 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 In DADC, LN || CD ∠B = ∠Q (Proved)
AN AL ∴ DABC ~ DPQR (SSS similarity creterion)
∴ =
DN CL
(ii) [ Basic proportionality theorem ] 24.
A
AM AN
From (i) and (ii), =
BM DN
BM DN
⇒ =
AM AN
BM DN
⇒ +1 = +1 B D E C
AM AN
AB AD Let AB = BC = AC = a
⇒ =
AM AN
⇒ AM × AD = AB × AN BC a
∴ BD = =
4 4
A P
23. Draw AE ⊥ BC
a
∴ BE = EC =
2
[ In Equilateral triangle altitude is same as Median]
In right angled triangle DAED,
A D C Q M R
AD² = DE² + AE² (i)
In DABD and DPQM
Now, DE = BE – BD
AB AD BC a a 1 a
  = = (Given) = – [ ∵ BD = = ]
PQ PM QR 2 4 4 4
a
AB AD BD = (ii)
⇒ = = 4
PQ PM QM
In DAEC,
1
BC AC² = AE² + CE²
AB AD 2
⇒ = = 2
PQ PM 1 a
QR   a² = AE² +  
2 2
(As AD and PM are the medians) a2 3a 2
AE² = a² – = (iii)
∴ DABD ~ DPQM 4 4
On putting (ii), (iii) in (i), we get
(SSS similarity creterion) 2 2
a  3a 
∴ ∠B = ∠Q   AD² =   +  
4  4
[ Corresponding angles of similar triangles are
a2 3a 2
equal] = +
16 4
Now, In DABC and DPQR a +12a 2
2

=
AB BC 16
= (Given)
PQ QR
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
17
 13a 2 = (3 + 2)2 + 122
=
16 = 25 + 144
16 AD² = 13 a²
= 169
16AD² = 13 BC²
∴ AB = 13 cm
25. As DABC is isosceles, AB BC
As =
AB = AC AD DE
13 12
∴ ∠B = ∠C ∴ =
3 DE
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal) 12 × 3 36
∴ DE = = cm
13 13
In DADB and DEFC
BC AC
Also, =
∠ADB = ∠EFC DE AE
12 5
(AS EF ⊥ AC and AD ⊥ CD) ⇒ 36 =
AE
∠B = ∠C (Proved) 13
∴ DADB ~ DEFC (AA similarity creterion) 12 ×13 5
⇒ =
36 AE
AD BD AB
∴ = = 5 × 36
EF FC EC ⇒ AE =
12 ×13
AD AB
i.e. = 15
EF EC  = cm
13
⇒ AD × EC = AB × EF
27. As DNSQ ≅ DMTR,
26. In DABC and DADE,
∠NQS = ∠MRT (CPCT)
∠A = ∠A (Common)
⇒ PQ = PR (i)
∠ACB = ∠AED = 90°
(Sides opposite to equal angles are equal)
(As DE ⊥ AB and DABC is right angled at
Also, as ∠1 = ∠2
C)
∴ PS = PT (ii)
∴ DABC ~ DADE
(Sides opposite to equal angles are equal.)
(By AA Similarity creterion)
On Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
AB BC AC
⇒ = =
AD DE AE PQ – PS = PR – PT
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles
QS = TR (iii)
are proportional ]
From (ii) and (iii),
In DABC, ∠C = 90°
PS PT PS PT
∴ AB² = AC² + BC² = ⇒ =
QS TR PQ PR
[ By Pythagoras theorem ] Also, ∠P = ∠P (Common)

18 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ∴ DPST ~ DPQR 29. In DAOD, MO bisects ∠AOD,
(SAS similarity creterion) So, by interior angle bisector theorem,
AO AM
Section D = (i)
OD DM
28. In DBOC, NO bisects ∠BOC
C So, by interior angle bisector theorem,
E
BO BN
=
F CO CN
D CO CN
⇒ = (ii)
BO BN
B G A AO
We know that AO = OD ⇒ =1
In DAFG and DDBG, OD
∠AGF = ∠DBG CO
and CO = BO ⇒ =1
BO
(Corresponding angles as GF || BC) (Radii of same circle)

∠GAF = ∠BDG = 90° (∵ DE FG is a So, From (i) and (ii), we get

square)
AM CN
=
∴ DAFG ~ DDBG (i) DM BN
(AA similarity creterion) 30.
B
In DAGF and DEFC,
∠AFG = ∠CEF = 90°
∠AFG = ∠ECF M

(Corresponding angles as GF || BC)

C L A
∴ DAGF ~ DEFC (ii)
In DABC, BC² = AB² + AC²
(AA similarity creterion)
(By Pythagoras theorem)
From (i), (ii), we get
In DABL, BL² = AB² = AL²
DDBG ~ DEFC 2
1 
BD DG   = AB² +  AC 
⇒ = 2 
EF EC 1
[As L is a midpoint of AC ∴ AL = AC ]
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles 2
are proportional] AC 2
  BL² = AB² +
BD DE 4
⇒ = 4BL² = 4AB² + AC² (i)
DE EC
[As DEFG is a square, EF = DE and DG = DE] In DCMA, CM² = AC² + AM²
2
1 
⇒ DE² = BD × EC = AC² +  AB 
2 
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
19
 AB 2 To prove : AE² + BD² = AB² + DE²
= AC +
4 Proof In DACE, AE² = AC² + CE² (i)
1 (By Pythagoras theorem)
[As M is a midpoint of AB ∴ AM = AB ]
2 In DDCB, BD² = DC² + BC² (ii)
⇒ 4 CM² = 4AC² + AB² (ii)
(By Pythagoras theorem)
  From (i), (ii), we get
In DABC, AB² = AC² + BC² (iii)
4(BL² + CM²) = 5 AB² + 5 AC²
(By Pythagoras theorem)
= 5 BC² In DDCE, DE² = DC² + CE² (iv)

31. (By Pythagoras theorem)

A Consider AE² + BD²
= AC² + CE² + DC² + BC² (By ① and
②)
D
= (AC² + BC²) + (CE² + DC²)
= AB² + DE² (By ③,④)

C E B

20 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter
Cordinate Geometry
07
4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. A
A
(4, 9) (0, 1)

D
(x, y)
(0, 0) O B (1, 0)

In DAOB,

B (2, 3) (6, 5) C AB² = AO² + OB²

1² + 1²
 4 + 2 9 +3 2
D(x, y) =  ,  = (3, 6)
 2 2 
AB = 2
( 6 − 3) + ( 5 − 6 )
2 2
So, CD = Perimeter = AO + OB + AB
=1+1+ 2
= 9 +1
Option (d)
= 10 units
WORKSHEET 1
Option (b)
2. As A, B and C are collinear Section A
 x1 + x 2 + x3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 
∴ x (– 4 + 5) – 3 (– 5 – 2) + 7 (2 + 4) = 0 1. Centroid =  , 
 3 3 
x + 21 + 42 = 0
 4 − 9 + x3 −3 + 7 + y 3 
x = – 63 (1, 4) =  , 
 3 3 
Option (c)
 −5 + x3 4 + y 3 
(1, 4) =  , 
 6 − 2 −5 +11  3 3 
3. (2, p) = ,
 2 2  −5 + x3 4 + y3
=1 =4
= (2, 3) 3 3
x3 – 5 = 3 y3 + 4 = 12
⇒ p =3
x3 = 8 y3 = 8
Option (b)
So, third vertex is (8, 8)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
1
 2. k B (0, y) 1 ( 3 - 0 )2 + (P - 2 )2 = (P - 0 )2 + ( 5 - 2 )2
X Y 9 + (P - 2 )2 =
(a1, b1) (a2, b2) P2 + 9

Let the ratio be k : 1 (P – 2)2 = P2

P2 + 4 – 4P = P2
 ka2 + a1 kb2 + b1 
So, (0, y) = , 
 k +1 k +1  4P =4
ka2 + a1 P =1
=0
k +1
ka2 + a1 = 0 6. ( 4 - 1)2 + (K - 0 )2 = 5
ka2 = – a1 32 + K 2 =5
−a1 On Squarring both sides, we get
k =
a2 9 + K² = 25
K² = 25 – 9 = 16
2
2 8
 5 + 5  + (2 − 2)
3. Distance =
2 K² = 16
  K =±4
2
2 8 7.
= 5 + 5 +0
  A (1,2) B (4,3)
2
2+8
=  5 
 
= 2 sq. units
D (x,y) C (6,6)
4. Let Point on y - axis be (0, y). We know that diagonals of a parallelogram
bisect each other
(6 − 0) + (5 − y ) ( −4 − 0 ) + (3 − y )
2 2 2 2
=
Ê 1+ 6 2 + 6 ˆ Ê 4 + x 3 + y ˆ
∴Á , = ,
36 + 25 + y −10 y = 16 + 9 + y − 6 y
2 2
Ë 2 2 ˜¯ ÁË 2 2 ˜¯

Ê7 ˆ Ê 4 +x 3+y ˆ
61 + y 2 −10 y = 25 + y 2 − 6 y Á 2 ,4˜ =Á ,
Ë ¯ Ë 2 2 ˜¯
61 + y² – 10y = 25 + y² – 6y 4+x 3+y
7
∴ = and 4 =
36 = 4y 2 2 2
y =9 7 = 4 + x and 8 = 3 + y
So, point on y - axis which is equidistant x = 3 and y = 5
from point A (6, 5) and B (– 4, 3) is (0, 9)
So, coordinates of fourth uertex
5. As point A (0, 2) is equidistant from the = (x, y)
points B (3, P) and C (P, 5), So,
= (3, 5)
2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
8. 10. P Q

A C B
(x, 4) Ê3 5ˆ
Á 2 ,2˜ (x +1, y + 2) A (u, v) (x, y) B
Ë ¯
(2, – 2) (– 7, 4)
As C is a midpoint of AB,
Point P divides AB in ratio 1: 2
Ê x + x +1 4 + y + 2 ˆ Ê 3 5 ˆ
Á 2
,
2 ˜ = Á 2 ,2˜ Ê 1( - 7 ) + 2 ( 2 ) 1( 4 ) + 2 ( - 2 ) ˆ
Ë ¯ Ë ¯ So, P (u,v) = ÁÁ , ˜
3 3 ˜
Ê 2 x +1 y + 6 ˆ Ê 3 5 ˆ Ë ¯
Á 2 , 2 ˜ = Á 2 ,2˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯ Ê - 7 +4 4 - 4 ˆ
=Á ,
Ë 3 3 ˜¯
2 x +1 3 y +6 5
∴ = and
2 2 2 2 = (– 1, 0)
2x + 1 = 3 and y + 6 = 5
Point Q divides AB in ratio 2 : 1
2x = 2 and y = 5 – 6
x =1 and y – 1 Ê 2 ( - 7 ) +1( 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) +11( - 2 ) ˆ
So, Q (x, y) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
Section B
Ê - 14 + 2 8 - 2 ˆ
=Á ,
9. Let y – coordinate by v
Ë 3 3 ˜¯
∴ x – coordinate = 2v Ê - 12 6 ˆ
=Á , ˜
So, point P is (2v, v) Ë 3 3¯

PQ = PR = (– 4, 2)

( 2 - 2v )2 + ( - 5 - v )2 = ( 3 - 2v )2 + ( 6 - v )2 11. Let A(3, 0), B(6, 4) and C(–1, 3) be the given

points
On squaring both sides, we get
AB = ( 6 - 3 )2 + ( 4 - 0 )2
(2 – 2v)² + (– 5 – v)² = (–3 – 2 v) + (6 – v)²
⇒ AB = (3)2 + (4)2
∴ 4 + 4 v² – 8v + 25 + v² + 10v
= 9 + 4v² = 12v + 36 + v² –12v ⇒ AB = 9 +16

⇒ 5v² + 2v + 29 = 5v² + 45 ⇒ AB = 25
⇒ 2v = 45 –29
BC = ( - 1 - 6 )2 + ( 3 - 4 )2
2v = 16
⇒ BC = (-7)2 + (-1)2
v=8
So, Point P is (2v, v) i.e. (16, 8) ⇒ BC = 49 +1

⇒ BC = 50

AC = ( - 1 - 3 )2 + ( 3 - 0 )2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
3
 ⇒ AC = (-4)2 + (3)2 ( - a - a )2 + ( - a - a )2
AB =
⇒ AC = 16 + 9 = 4a2 + 4a2
⇒ AC = 25 8a 2
=
Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ ²
⇒ AB2 =ÁË ÁË 25˜¯˜
¯
= 2 2a Units
⇒ AB² = 25
⇒ AC² = 25 BC = ( - 3a + a )2 + ( 3a + a )2
Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ ²
⇒ BC² =ÁË ÁË 50˜¯ ˜
¯ = 3a 2 + a 2 - 2 3a 2 + 3a 2 + 2 3a 2
⇒ BC² = 50 2
= 8a
Since AB² + AC² = BC² and AB = AC
∴ ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle. = 2 2a

12. AC = ( - 3a - a )2 + ( 3a - a )2

A P B = 3a 2 + a 2 + 2 3a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2 - 2 3a 2
Ê1 3ˆ Ê3 5 ˆ (2, -5)
Á 2 ,2˜ Á 4 ,12 ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯ = 3a 2 + a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2
Let point P divides AB in ratio k : 1 = 8a 2
Ê 1 3ˆ
2k + - 5k + = 2 2a
Ê3 5 ˆ Á 2, 2 ˜˜
So, Á , ˜ = Á
As AB = AC, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
Ë 4 12 ¯ ÁÁ k +1 k +1 ˜
˜
Ë ¯
14. k 1
1 3
3 2k + - 5 k +
2 5 2
= =
4 k +1 12 k +1 A (1, –3) C (x, o) B (4, 5)
⇒ 3k + 3 = 8k + 2 5k + 5 = – 60k + 18 Let point C (x, o) divides AB in ratio k : 1
⇒ 1 = 5k 65k = 13 So,
1 1
k= k= Ê 4 k +1 5k - 3 ˆ
5 5 (x, o) = Á , ˜
Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
So, point P divides AB in ratio 1 : 5
5k - 3
∴ =0
13. A (a,a) k +1
5k – 3 = 0
3
k =
5
So, x – axis divides the line segment joining
point (1, – 3) and (4, 5) in ratio 3 : 5
B C
(– a, – a)
(- 3a, 3a )
4 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 k 1
15. ( 9 - x )2 + (10 - 4 )2 = 10
81 + x² – 18x + 36 = 100
A C B
x² – 18x + 17 =0 (– 4, – 6) (o, y) (10, 12)
x² – 17x – x + 17 =0
Ê 10 k + ( - 4 ) 12 k - 6 ˆ
(o, y) = Á , ˜
x (x – 17) – 1 (x –17) = 0 Á k +1 k +1 ˜¯
Ë
(x – 1) (x – 17) =0
Ê 10 k - 4 12 k - 6 ˆ
x = 1, 17 (o, y) = Á ,
Ë k +1 k +1 ˜¯
16. 10 k - 4
⇒ =0
k +1
⇒ 10k =4
Q P R
(7, 0) (2, 4) (x, 9) 2
k =
5
PQ = PR So, ratio is 2 : 5
⇒ ( 2 - 7 )2 + ( 4 - 2 )2 = ( x - 2 )2 + ( 9 - 4 )2 18. A (0, – 1) B (–2, 3)
⇒ 25 +16 = x + 4 - 4 x + 25
2

⇒ 41 = x 2 - 4 x + 29
On squarring both sides, we get
41 = x² – 4x + 29 D (8, 3) C (6, 7)
0 = x² – 4x – 12
AB = ( - 2 - 0 )2 + ( 3 +1)2
0 = x² – 6x + 2x – 12
= 4 +16
0 = x (x –6) + 2 (x – 6)
0 = (x + 2) (x – 6) = 20

x = – 2 or 6 = 2 5 Unit
PQ = ( 7 - 2 )2 + ( 0 - 4 )2 CD = ( - 8 - 0 )2 + ( 3 +1)2
52 + ( - 4 )2 = 4 +16
=

= 25 +16 = 20

= 41 = 2 5 Unit
∴ AB = CD
Section C
17. Let y – axis divides the line segment joining
AD = ( - 8 - 0 )2 + ( 3 +1)2
the points (– 4, – 6) and (10, 12) in ratio k : 1 = 64 +16 = 80 = 4 5 Units
Point on y – axis must be of form (o, y)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
5
 14x – 14y + 13 = 41
BC = ( 6 + 2 )2 + ( 7 - 3 )2
14x – 14y – 28 = 0
= 64 +16
x–y=2
= 80
∴ y=x–2
= 4 5 Units
20.
∴ AD = BC
As AB = CD and AD = BC, A P Q B
(3, – 4) (p, – 2) Ê 5 ˆ
Á 3 ,2˜ (1, 2)
Ë ¯
So, ABCD is a parallelogram

AC = ( 6 - 0 )2 + ( 7 +1)2 Point P divides AB in ratio 1 : 2

So,
= 36 + 64
Ê 1(1) + 2 ( 3) 1( 2 ) + 2 ( - 4 ) ˆ
= 100 p (p, – 2) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
= 10 Units
Ê7 ˆ
p (p, – 2) = Á , - 2 ˜
( 8 + 2 ) + (3 - 3) Ë3
2 2
BD = ¯
7
∴p=
= 100 3
Point Q divides AB in ratio 2 : 1
= 10 Units
So,
So, AC = BD
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram in which both Ê 5 ˆ Ê 2 (1) +1( 3) 2 ( 2 ) +1( - 4 ) ˆ
Q Á ,q ˜ = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
diagonals are equal. Ë3 ¯ Ë 3 3 ¯
So, ABCD is a rectangle.
Ê5 ˆ Ê5 ˆ
Q Á ,q ˜ = Á , 0 ˜
19. Ë3 ¯ Ë3 ¯
∴ q =0
A P B
(– 3, 2) (x, y) (4, – 5)
21. As the points A (3p + 1, p), B (p + 2, p – 5)
As point P is equidistant from A and B, and C (p + 1, – p) are collinear,
AP = BP
area of ∆ABC = 0

( x + 3 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 = ( 4 - x )2 + ( - 5 - y )2 1
i. e. [(3p + 1) (p – 5 + p) + (p + 2) (– p – p)
2 + (p + 1) (p – p + 5)] = 0
On squarring both sides, we get
(x + 3)² + (y – 2)² = (4 – x)² + (– 5 – y)² ⇒ [(3p + 1) (2p – 5)–2p (p + 2) + 5 (p + 1)] = 0

x² + 9 + 6x + y² + 4 – 4y ⇒ [6p² – 15p + 2p – 5 – 2p² – 4p + 5p + 5] = 0

= 16 + x² – 8x + 25 + y² + 10y ⇒ [4p² – 12p] = 0

p = 0, 3
6 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
22. 1
= [–3 (–3) – 2 (0) + 4 (3)]
A P B 2
(–2, – 2) (2, – 4) 1 21
= [9 + 12] = sq. Units
3 2 2
AP = AB So, area of quadrilateral ABCD
7
3 = area of ∆ACD + area of ∆ABC
⇒ AP = (AP + BP)
7 35 21
⇒ 7 AP = 3 AP + 3 BP = +
2 2
⇒ 4 AP = 3 BP 56
=
2
AP 3
⇒ = = 28 sq. Units
PB 4
Let point P be (x, y), using section formula, 24. Let y – axis divides the line segment joining
points A (5, – 6), B (– 1, – 4) in ratio k : 1.
Ê 3( 2) + 4 ( - 2) 3( - 4 ) + 4 ( - 2) ˆ Point on y – axis is of from (0, y).
(x, y) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 7 7 ¯ k 1

Ê 6 - 8 - 12 - 8 ˆ
=Á , A C B
Ë 7 7 ˜¯ (5, – 6) (0, y) (–1, – 4)
Ê - 2 - 20 ˆ By section formula,
=Á , ˜
Ë 7 7 ¯ Ê - k + 5 - 4k - 6 ˆ
(0, y) = Á ,
A (– 3, – 1) B (– 2, – 4) Ë k +1 k +1 ˜¯
23.
- k +5
0 =
k +1
k =5
So, y – axis divides AB in ratio 5 : 1
D ( 3, 4) C (4, – 1)
- 4k - 6
Also, y =
Join AC k +1
Area of ∆ACD - 20 - 6
=
1 5 +1
= [–3 (– 1 – 4) + 4 (4 + 1) + 3 (–1+1)]
2 - 26
1 =
= [–3 (– 5) + 20] 6
2
- 13
1 =
= [15 + 20] 3
2 - 13
35 So, C (0, y) = (0, )
= sq. Units 3
2
Area of ∆ACD
Section D
1
= [(–3) (– 4 – 1) – 2 (– 1 + 1) + 4 (–1+4)] 25. Consider points (x1,y1) = (t, t –2)
2
= (x2,y2) = (t + 2, t – 2)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
7
 = (x3,y3) = (t + 3, t) Ê 17 ˆ
= Á 3, ˜
Area of triangle Ë 3¯
1 For coordinates of E
= [ x1 (y2,y3) + x2 (y3,y1) + x3 (y1,– y2)]
2
1 2
1
= [t(t – 2 – t) + (t + 2) (t – t + 2) + (t +3)
2 A E B
(t – 2 – t + 2)]
(4, 6) (x, y) (7, 2)
1
= [t (– 2) + (t + 2) (2)] By section formula,
2
1
= [– 2t + 2t + 4] Ê 1( 7 ) + 2 ( 4 ) 1( 2 ) + 2 ( 6 ) ˆ
2 (x, y) = Á , ˜
Á 3 3 ˜
1 Ë ¯
= (4)
2 Ê 7 + 8 2 +12 ˆ
=Á ,
= 2 sq. Units Ë 3 3 ˜¯

So, area of triangle is independent of t. Ê 14 ˆ

= Á 5, ˜
AD AE 1 Ë 3¯
26. = =
AB AC 3
A
AD AC 3 (4, 6)
⇒ = =
AB AE 1
AD AC
⇒ –1= –1=3–1
AB AE
BD CE
⇒ = =2
AD AE D E
Ê 17 ˆ Ê 14 ˆ
Á 3, 3 ˜ Á 5, 3 ˜
AD AE 1 Ë ¯ Ë ¯
∴ = =
BD CE 2
ar ∆ADE
For coordinates of D
1 2 1 Ê 17 - 14 ˆ Ê 14 ˆ Ê 17 ˆ
= [4 Á , ˜ + 3 Á , - 6 ˜ +5 Á 6 - ]
2 Ë 3 3 ¯ Ë 3 ¯ Ë 3 ˜¯
A D B 1 Ê 3ˆ Ê 14 - 18 ˆ Ê 18 - 17 ˆ
(4, 6) (x, y) (1, 5) = [4 Á ˜ + 3 Á ˜ +5 Á ˜]
2 Ë 3¯ Ë 3 ¯ Ë 3 ¯
By section formula,
1 5
= [4 + (– 4) + ]
Ê 1(1) + 2 ( 4 ) 1( 5 ) + 2 ( 6 ) ˆ 2 3
(x, y) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 3 3 ¯ 5
= sq. Units
6
Ê 9 17 ˆ
(x, y) = Á , ˜
Ë3 3 ¯

8 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
27. y x = ±3 3
B (0, 3) ∴ Coordinates of point A are ( 3 3 , 0 )
As BACD is a rhombus and diagonals of
rhombus bisect each other. So, 0D = 0A = 3
D A (x, 0) 3 units
x1 x
(0,0) ∴ Point D is ( - 3 3 , 0 )
28. Area of triangle = 5 sq. units
C (0, – 3) As third vertex leis on y = x + 3,
So, it must be of form (x, x + 3)
y1
Let (x1,y1) = (2, 1)
Let coordinates of B be (0, y)
(x2,y2) = (3, – 2)
As (0, 0) is a Midpoint of BC
(x3,y3) = (x, x + 3)
Ê 0 +0 y - 3ˆ
∴ (0, 0) = Á ,
Ë 2 2 ˜¯ Area of triangle
1
Ê 0 y - 3ˆ = [ x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3 (y1,– y2)]
(0, 0) = Á , ˜ 2
Ë2 2 ¯ 1
5 = [2(– 2 – x – 3) + (x + 3 – 1) + x(1 + 2)]
Ê y - 3ˆ 2
(0, 0) = Á 0 ,
Ë 2 ˜¯ 10 = [ 2 (– 5 – x) + 3 (x + 2) + 3x ]
y- 3
=0 10 = [ – 10 2x + 3x + 6 + 3x ]
2
y=3 10 = [ 4x – 4 ]
So, point B is (0, 3) ∴ ± 10 = 4x – 4
Let coordinates of point A be (x, 0) 4x – 4 = 10 4x – 4 = – 10
Using distance formula, 4x = 10 4x = – 6

AB = ( x - 0 )² + ( 0 - 3 )² 7 -3
x= x=
2 2
= x² + 9 So, third vertex is So, third vertex is
BC = ( 0 - 0 )² + ( - 3 - 3 )² (x, x + 3) (x, x + 3)

= 36 Ê7 7 ˆ Ê –3 –3 ˆ
= Á , +3˜ = Á , +3˜
=6 Ë2 2 ¯ Ë 2 2 ¯
Ê 7 13 ˆ Ê –3 3 ˆ
As ∆ABC is equilateral, =Á , ˜ =Á , ˜
Ë2 2 ¯ Ë 2 2¯
AB = BC
i.e. x² + 9 = 6 29. Let (x1, y1) = (a, a²)

x² + 9 = 36 (x2, y2) = (b, b²)

x² = 27 (x3, y3) = (c, c²)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
9
 Consider Area of triangle 1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
1 2
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2 1
= [ 2 (2 + 3) + – 3 (– 3 – 3) – 4 (3 – 2) ]
1 2
= [ a (b² – c² ) + b (c² – a²) + c (a² – b² ) ]
2 1
= [ 10 + 18 – 4 ]
1 2
= [ ab² – ac² + bc² – a²b + a²c – b²c ]
2 = 12 sq. units
1
= [ ab (b – a) + ac (a – c) + bc (c – b)] Area of parallelogram ABCD
2
Here, it is clear that area of triangle is 0 if = area of ∆ABC + area of ∆BCD
a=b=c
= 12 + 12
but it is given that a ≠ b ≠ c
= 24 sq. units
30. D (– 4, – 3) C (– 3, 2) We know that area of parallelogram
= base x height
24 = AB x height

A E B By Distance formula,
(1, – 2) (2, 3)
AB = ( 2 – 1)² + ( 3 + 2 )²
Let be the height of parallelogram ABCD.
= 1 + 25
For ∆ABD,
= 26 units
Let (x1, y1) = (1, – 2)
∴ 24 = 26 x height
(x2, y2) = (2, 3)
24 12
(x3, y3) = (– 4, – 3) height = units = 26 units
26 13
area of ∆ABD
31.
1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2
O (2, – 3y)
1
= [ 1 (3 + 3) + 2 (– 3 + 2) – 4 (– 2 – 3 ) ]
2
1 Let the center be 0 (2, – 3y)
= [ 6 – 2 + 20 ]
2 As points A and B lie on a circle,
= 12 sq. units
AO = BO
For ∆BCD,
( 2 +1)² + ( - 3y – y )² = ( 2 – 5 )² + ( - 3y – 7 )²
Let (x1, y1) = (2, 3)
9 +16y² = 9 + 9 y² + 49 + 42 y
(x2, y2) = (– 3, 2)
On squarraig both sides, we get
(x3, y3) = (– 4, – 3)
9 + 16y² = 9y² + 42y + 58
area of ∆BCD
10 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 7y² – 42y – 49 = 0 Ê 2 + 5 –1 + 6 ˆ
Midpoint of AC = Á ,
y² – 6y – 7 = 0 Ë 2 2 ˜¯

y² – 7y + y – 7 = 0 Ê7 5ˆ
=Á , ˜
Ë2 2¯
y (y – 7) + (y – 7) = 0
Ê 5 + 2 –1 + 6 ˆ
Midpoint of BD = Á ,
(y + 1) (y – 7) = 0
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
y = – 1, 7 Ê7 5ˆ
=Á , ˜
When y = 1 When y = 7 Ë2 2¯

A = (– 1, y) = (– 1, – 1) A = (–1, y) So, Midpoint of AC = Midpoint of BD.

So, AC and BD bisects each other.
O = (2, 3) = (–1, 7)
So, O = (2, – 3y) WORKSHEET 2
radius = AO = (2, – 21)
Section A
= ( 2 +1)² + ( 3 +1)² So, 1. Let P (x, y) be the point equidistant from
the point A (5, 1), B (–3, – 7) and C (7, – 1)
= 9 +16 ratio = AO
∴ PA = PB = PC
= 25 = ( 2 +1)² + (–2 – 7 )²
PA = PB
= 5 units = 9 + 784 ⇒ ( 5 – x )² + (1 – y )²
= 793 units = (– 3 – x )² + (– 7 – y )²
32. A (2, – 1) B (5, – 1) ⇒ 25 + x² – 10 x +1 + y² – 2 y
= 9 + x² + 6 x + 49 + y² +14 y
On squarring both sides we get
O x² + y² – 10x – 2y + 26
= x² + y² + 6x + 14y + 58
D (2, 6) C (5, 6)
0 = 16x + 16y + 32
By distance formula,
x+y=–2①
AC = ( 5 – 2 )² + ( 6 +1)²
PB = PC
= 9 + 49 = 58 units
⇒ (– 3 – x )² + (– 7 – y )²
BD = ( 2 – 5 )² + ( 6 +1)²
= ( 7 – x )² + (–1 – y )²
= 9 + 49
⇒ 9 + x² + 6 x + 49 + y² +14 y
= 58
So, AC = BD = 49 + x² +14 x +1 + y² + 2 y

Also, By Midpoint formula, On squarring both sides, we get

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
11
 x² + y² + 6x + 14y + 58 = ( 36 + 64
= x² + y² – 14x + 2y + 50 = 100
20x + 12y + 8 = 0 = 10 units
5x + 3y = – 2 ②
A (2, 3)
From ①, we get 5.

x = –2 – y
Ê 2ˆ
On potting in ②, we get G Á1, 3 ˜
Ë ¯
5 (–2 – y) + 3y = – 2
– 10 – 5y + 3y = – 2 B (–2, 1) C (x, y)
–2=8 Let (x1, y1) = (2, 3)
sy = – 4
(x2, y2) = (–2, 1)
So, x = –2 – y
(x3, y3) = (x, y)
=–2+4
Ê 2ˆ
=2 Centroid ( G ) = Á1, ˜
Ë 3¯
So, point (2, – 4) is equidistant We know that
From point A (5, 1), B (–3, – 7) and C (7, – 1) Ê x + x 2 + x3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 ˆ
Centroid = Á 1 , ˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
2. Reflexion of (–3, 4) in X – axis (Q) = (–3, –4)
Ê 2 ˆ Ê 2 – 2 + x 3 +1 + y ˆ
Reflexion of (– 3, 4) in Y – axis (R) = (3, 4) Á1, 3 ˜ = Á 3
,
3 ˜¯
Ë ¯ Ë
So, by distance formula, Ê 2 ˆ Ê x , 4 +y ˆ
Á1, 3 ˜ = Á 3 3 ˜
QR = ( 3 + 3 )² + ( 4 + 4 )² Ë ¯ Ë ¯
x 2 4 +y
= 36 + 64 ⇒ 1= and =
3 3 3
= 100 ⇒ x = 3 and y = – 2

= 10 units 6. Let (x1, y1) = (k, 2k)

3. As point (3, a) lies on line (x2, y2) = (3k, 3k)

2x – 3y + 5 = 0 (x3, y3) = (3, 1)

∴ 6 – 3a + 5 = 0 Since the points are collinear, area of triangle

is zero
3a = 11 i.e.
11 1
a=
3 [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] = 0
2
4. By Distance formula, [ k (3k – 1) + 3k (1 – 2k) + 3 (2k – 3k) ] = 0

Distance = ( 0 + 6 )² + ( 0 – 8 )² [ 3k² – k + 3k – 6k² – 3k ] = 0

12 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 [ –3k² –k ] = 0 By section formula,
k (3k + 1) = 0 Ê 8k + 4 4 k + 2 ˆ
P (2, 1) =Á , ˜
–1 Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
k= 8k + 4
3 4k + 2
∴ 2= , 1=
k 1 k +1 k +1
7.
8k + 4 = 2k + 2
A C B 6k =–2
(6, 4) (x, 0) (1, – 7) –2
k =
Let the x – axis divides AB in ratio k : 1 6
–1
Point on x – axis must be of form (x, 0), so, by =
section formula 3
AB –1
Ê k + 6 7k + 4 ˆ ∴ =
(x, 0) =Á , ˜ PB 3
Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
PB
Ê 6 + k –7 k + 4 ˆ =–3
(x, 0) =Á , ˜ AP
Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
PB
∴ –7 k + 4 =0
+1 =–3+1
AP
k +1
4 AP + PB
k = =–2
7 AP
So, x – axis divides line AB in ratio 4 : 7. AB
=–2
PB
8. k 1
AP –1
=
A (4, 2) P (2, 1) B (8, 4) AB 2
–1
Let AP : PB = K : 1 AP = AB
2

9. Consider the two points P(a sin α, –b cos α) and Q (–a cos α, b sin α).
We need to find the distance between P and Q
Let d be the distance PQ.
Thus, by distance formula

d= 2
(a sin α + a cos α) + (-b cos α - b sin α)
2

2 2 2 2 2 2
= a (sin α + cos α + 2 sin α cos α ) + b (sin α + cos α + 2 sin α cos α)
2 2
= a (1 + sin2α) + b (1 + sin2α)
∴
[ sin2 α + cos2 α = 1 and sin2 α = 2sin α cos α ]
2 2
∴d= (a + b ) (1 + sin2 α)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13
 10. We have to write the condition of three
Ê 3k - 4 - 7 + 5 ˆ
points. Á k +1 , k +1 ˜
Ë ¯
If three points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are
collinear, then they will not form a triangle. The point which we have identified is on y axis
and there the point is zero on x coordinate.
In other words, the triangle having vertices (x1,
y1), (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) will have area 0. 3k - 4
So, =0
k +1
The formula to calculate the area of a triangle
with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) is, 3k – 4 = 0

1 x1 – x2 y1 – y2 4
k=
A= 3
2 x2 – x3 y2 – y3
1 So the required ratio is
A = |(x1 – x2) (y2 – y3) – (x2 – x3) (y1 – y2) 4
2 k= or 4 : 3
Therefore, 3
1 13.
| x (y – y ) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)| = 0 A (1, 1) B (4, 4)
2 1 2 3
x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0
Therefore, the condition of collinearity of (x1,
y1), (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) is
x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0
D (x, y) C (4, 8)
Section B We know that diagonals of parallelogram bisect
11. Let the vertices of triangle be (x1, y1) = (–3, 1), each other
(x2, y2) = (0, – 2) and (x3, y3)
Ê 1+ 4 1+ 8 ˆ Ê x + 4 y + 8 ˆ
Centroid of triangle (x, y) = (0, 0) ∴ Á 2 , 2 ˜ =Á 2 , 2 ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯
We Know that
(5, 9) = (x + 4, y + 4)
Centroid of triangle
x + 4 = 5, y + 4 = 9
Ê x + x 2 + x3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 ˆ
(x, y) =Á 1 , ˜
Ë 3 3 ¯ x = 1, y=5
So, fourth vertex is (1, 5).
Ê –3 + 0 + x3 1 – 2 + y 3 ˆ
i.e. (0, 0) =Á , ˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
Ê 3 11ˆ
–3 + x3 –1 + y 3 14. Let the point C Á , ˜ divide the line
⇒ = 0, =0 Ë5 5¯
3 3 segment joining point A (3, 5) and B (– 3, – 2)
⇒ x3 = 3, y3 = 1 in ratio k : 1.

So, third vertex is (x3, y3) = (3, 1)

A C B
Ê 3 11 ˆ
12. The required ratio would be k : 1. (3, 5) Á5, 5 ˜
Ë ¯
(– 3, – 2)
The coordinates of the point of divisions will be
14 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 By section formula, 2a = 2
Ê 3 11ˆ Ê - 3k + 3 - 2 k + 5 ˆ ∴ a = 1.
Á 5 , 5 ˜ = Á k +1 , k +1 ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯ 17.
A (3, 4)
- 3k + 3 3
∴ =
k +1 5
5 (– 3k + 3) = 3 (k + 1)

– 15k + 15 = 3k + 3

12 = 18k B (7, 2) M (x, y) C (–2, – 5)

2 By midpoint formula,
k =
3
B (1, 0) Ê 7 - 2 2- 5ˆ
15. A (– 2, –1) M (x, y) = Á ,
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
Ê 5 - 3ˆ
=Á , ˜
Ë2 2 ¯
By Distance formula,

D (1, y) C (x, 3) Ê5 ˆ Ê-3

2
ˆ
2
AM = Á2- 3˜ + Á - 4˜
We know that diagonals of parallelogram Ë ¯ Ë 2 ¯
bisect each other
2 2
Ê - 1ˆ Ê - 3 - 8 ˆ
Ê - 2 k + x - 1 + 3 ˆ Ê 1 +1 y + 0 ˆ = Á ˜ +Á ˜
∴ , =Á ,
Á
Ë 2 2 ˜¯ Ë 2 2 ˜¯ Ë 2¯ Ë 2 ¯

Ê -2+x ˆ Ê y ˆ 1 121
⇒ Á ,1˜ = Á1, ˜ = +
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2¯ 4 4
- 2+x y 121 61
∴ = 1, 1 = = =
2 2 4 2
x = 4, y = 2 18. As point A (x, y) is equidistant from B (6, – 1)
and C (2, 3)
16. Given the vertices of a ∆ABC are right - ∴ AB = AC
angled at A.
( 6 - x ) + ( - 1- y ) ( 2 - x ) + (3 - y )
2 2 2 2
=
∴ AB2 + AC2 = BC2
AB2 = (-2 – 0)2 + (a – 3)2 = 4 + (a – 3)2 On squarring both sides, we get

BC2 = (-1 + 2)2 + (4 – a)2 = 1 + (4 – a)2 (6 – x)² + (– 1 – y)² = (2 – x)² + (3 – y)²

AC2 = (-1 – 0)2 + (4 – 3)2 = 1 + 1 = 2 36 + x² – 12x + 1 + y² + 2y = 4 + x² – 4x +

9 + y² – 6y
Since AB2 + AC2 = BC2
∴ –12x + 2y + 37 = – 4x – 6y +13
4 + (a – 3)2 + 2 = 1 + (4 – a)2
⇒ 0 = 8x – 8y – 24
4 + a2 + 9 – 6a + 2 = 1 + 16 + a2 – 8a
⇒ 8x – 8y = 24

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
15
 ⇒ x–y =3 Now use distance formula,
⇒ x =y+3 {x – (a + b)}2 + {y – (b – a)}2 = {x – (a – b)}2 +
{y – (a + b)}2
19. As the points A (2, 1) and B (1, 2) are ⇒ x2 + (a + b)2 – 2x(a + b) + y2 + (b – a)2 –
equidistant from the point C (x, y), 2y(b – a)y = x2 + (a – b)2 – 2x(a – b) + y2
+ (a + b)2 – 2y(a + b)
BC = AC
⇒ 2x(a – b) – 2x(a + b) = 2y(b – a) – 2y(a
( x - 1) + ( y + 2 ) ( x - 2 ) + ( y - 1) + b)
2 2 2 2
=
⇒ 2x{a – b – a – b} = 2y{b – a – a – b}
On squarring both sides, we get
⇒ 2x(–2b) = 2y(–2a)
(x –1)² + (y + 2)² = (x – 2)² + (y – 1)²
⇒ bx = ay
x² +1 – 2x + y² + 4 + 4y = x² + 4 – 4x + y² Hence proved.
+ 1 – 2y
22. Any point on the x -axis will be the form
– 2x + 4y + 5 = – 4x – 2y + 5 A(x,0).Let this point divides the line segment
2x +6y = 0 Joining (3, –2) and (–7, –1) in the ratio m:n
internally.
x +3y =0
Thus the coordinate of A is
Ê mx- + ˆnx myÊ + ny - ˆ
20. Let the vertices of triangle be Á 2 ˜ 1 , Á2 1
˜
Ë m +¯n mË + n ¯
(x1, y1) = (k, 2k) where (3, –2) and (–7, –1) are (x1, y1) and
(x2, y2) respectively.
(x2, y2) = (3k, 3k)
Thus the coordinates of
(x3, y3) = (3, 1)
(m(–7) + n(3)) m(–1) + n(–2)
Area of triangle A= , = (x,0)
m+n m+n
1 Here the y coordinates of A is Zero.
= [x (y , – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2 1 2
1 Ê –m- +ʈ(–2n)
- ˆ
= [ 5 (7 + 4) + 4 (– 4 – 2) + 7 (2 – 7) ] Thus Á m Á+˜ n ˜ = 0.
2 Ë Ë¯ ¯
1 Hence –m – 2n = 0.
= [ 5 (11) + 4 (–6) + 7 (– 5) ]
2
⇒ –m = 2n
1
= [ 55 – 24 – 35 ] m 2
2 ⇒ = .
1 n –1
= [ 55 – 59 ]
2 ⇒ m : n = 2 : –1 internally
4
= = 2 sq. units Thus m : n = 2 : 1 externally.
2
23.
Section C P (8, 4) R (5, 1) Q (x, y)
By mid-point formula,
21. PA=PB
Take square both side Ê 8 +x 4 +y ˆ
(5, 1) = Á ,
PA2=PB2 Ë 2 2 ˜¯

16 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 8+x 4 +y ⇒ ab = a + b
5= ,1 =
2 2 a b
⇒ 1= +
x + 8 = 10, y + 4 = 2 ab ab
1 1
x = 2, y = – 2 ⇒ 1= +
a b
So, Coordinates of Q = (x, y)
26. A (6, 1) B (8, 2)
= (2, – 2)

24. Let points be

(x1, y1) = (c, a + b)
(x2, y2) = (b, b + c) D (x, y) E (u, v) C (9, 4)
(x3, y3) = (a, a + c) We know that diagonals of parallelogram
bisect each other.
Area of triangle
∴ Midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD
1
= [x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] So, by midpoint formula,
2
1 Ê 6 + 9 1+ 4 ˆ Ê x + 8 y + 2 ˆ
= [ c (b + c – a – c ) + a (a + c – a – b) + Á 2 , 2 ˜ =Á 2 , 2 ˜
2 b (a + b – b – c) ] Ë ¯ Ë ¯
Ê 15 5 ˆ Ê x + 8 y + 2 ˆ
1 i.e. Á 2 ,2˜ = Á ,
=
2
[ c (b – a) + a (c – 6) + b (a – c) ] Ë ¯ Ë 2 2 ˜¯
1
= [ bc – ac + ac – ab + ab –bc ] i.e. x + 8 = 15, y + 2 = 5
2
=0 x = 7, y = 3
As area of triangle = 0 So, point D = (7, 3)
So, points A, B and C are collinear. Again, by midpoint formula,
Ê 6 + 9 1+ 4 ˆ
E (u, v) = Á ,
25. Let the point be
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
(x1, y1) = (a, 0) Ê 7 + 9 3 + 4 ˆ Ê 16 7 ˆ
= Á , = ,
(x2, y2) = (0, b) Ë 2 2 ˜¯ ÁË 2 2 ˜¯
Ê 7ˆ
(x3, y3) = (1, 1) = Á 8, ˜
Ë 2¯
Points are collinear, if area of triangle = 0
For area of ∆ADE
1 (x1, y1) = (c, a + b)
i.e. [x (y , – y ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2)] = 0 Let
2 1 2 3
1 (x2, y2) = (b, b + c)
⇒ [ a (b –1) + 0 (1 + 0) + 1 (0 – b) ] = 0
2 (x3, y3) = (a, a + c)
1
⇒ [ ab – a – b ] = 0 area of ∆ADE
2
⇒ ab – a – b = 0
1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
17
 1 Ê -7ˆ Ê7- ˆ 28.
= [ 6 Á3 ˜ + 7 Á 1˜ + 8 (1 – 3) ] A (2, – 1) B (3, 4)
2 Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
1 Ê - 1ˆ Ê5ˆ
= [ 6 Á ˜ + 7 Á ˜ + 8 (– 2)
2 Ë 2¯ Ë2¯
1 35
= [–3+ – 16 ]
2 2
1 35 D (– 3, – 2) C (– 2, 3)
= [ – 19 ]
2 2 By Distance formula,
1 35 - 38
= [ ] AB = ( 3 - 2 )2 + ( 4 +1)2
2 2
3 = 1 + 25 = 26
=
4
BC = ( - 2 - 3 )2 + ( 3 - 4 )2
27. Given ,
= 25 +1 = 26
Points = (p + 1, 2p – 2), (p – 1, p) and (p – 3, 2p
– 6) CD = ( - 3 + 2 )2 + ( - 2 - 3 )2
For the given points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) = 1 + 25
to be collinear then
= 26
[x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y3)] = 0
Here, AD = ( - 3 - 2 )2 + ( - 2 +1)2
x1 = p + 1 y1 = 2p – 2 = 26
x2 = p – 1 y2 = p As AB = BC = CD = AD,
x3 = p – 3 y3 = 2p – 6
ABCD is a rhombus
Substituting the values in the formula ,
Again, by distance formula,
(p + 1) (p – (2p – 6)) + (p – 1) (2p – 6 – (2p –
2)) + (p – 3) (2p – 2 – (p)) = 0 AC = ( - 2 - 2 )2 + ( 3 +1)2
(p + 1) (p – 2p + 6)) + (p – 1) (2p – 6 – 2p + 2)) = 16 +16
+ (p – 3) (2p – 2 – p) = 0
= 32
(p + 1) (–p + 6) + (p – 1) (–4) + (p – 3) (p – 2)
=0 = 4 2 units
– p² – p + 6p + 6 – 4p + 4 + p² – 3p – 2p + 6
BD = ( - 3 - 3 )2 + ( - 2 - 4 )2
=0
– 4p + 16 = 0 = ( - 6 )2 + ( - 6 )2

4p = 16 = 72
Dividing both the sides by 4
= 6 2 units
4p 16
= ∴ AC ≠ BD
4 4
p=4 As diagonals are not equal, ABCD is a
Hence, rhombus but not a square.
For the points to be collinear, p = 4
18 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
29. 1
= [ – 26 + 240 ]
A (3, – 5) P (x, y) B (– 4, 8) 2
1
AP k = [ 214 ]
= 2
PB 1
Let point P be (x, y). = 107 sq. units
By section formula, So, area of quadrilateral ABCD
Ê - 4 k + 3 8k - 5 ˆ = area of ∆ABC + area of ∆ACD
(x, y) =Á ,
Ë k +1 k +1 ˜¯
= 25 + 107
Ê - 4 k + 3 8k - 5 ˆ
(x, + y) = Á ,
k +1 ˜¯
= 132 sq. units
Ë k +1

∴ x=
- 4k + 3
, y=
8k - 5 Section D
k +1 k +1 A (4, – 6)
31.
As point P lies on line x + y = 0
Ê - 4 k + 3 ˆ Ê 8k - 5 ˆ
∴ Á k +1 ˜ + Á k +1 ˜ = 0
Ë ¯ Ë ¯
⇒ 4k – 2 = 0
B M C
1 (3, – 2) (x y) (4, 0)
⇒ k=
2
Let AM be the median such that point M is (x, y)
30. A (1, 1) B (7, – 3)
Ê 3 +5 - 2 +2 ˆ
(x, y) =Á ,
Ë 3 3 ˜¯

(x, y) = (4, 0)
So, point M (x, y) = (4, 0)
D (7, 21) C (12, 2)
Area of ∆AMB
Area of ∆ABC
1 1
= [ 1 (– 3 – 2) + 7 (2 – 1) + 12 (1 + 3) ] = [ 4 (y + 2)+ x (– 2 + 6) + 3 (– 6 – y) ]
2 2
1 1
= [ – 5 + 7 + 48 ] = [ 4y + 8 – 2x + 6 – 18 – 3y ]
2 2
1 1
= [ 50 ] = [ 4x + y – 10 ]
2 2
1
= 25 sq. units = [ 4 ( 4 ) + 0 – 10 ]
2
Area of ACD = 3 sq. units
1 Area of ∆AMC
= [ 1 (2 – 21) + 12 (21 – 1) + 7 (1 – 2) ]
2
1
1 = [ 4 (y – 2)+ x (2 + 6) + 5 (– 6 – y) ]
= [ – 19 + 12 ( 20 ) – 7 ] 2
2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
19
 1 So, x = 1 + 3y
= [ 4y – 8 + 8x – 30 – 5y ]
2 =1+6
1
= [ 8x – y – 38 ] =7
2
1 So, P (x, y) = (7, 2)
= [ 8 ( 4 ) – 0 – 38 ]
2
= 3 sq. units On putting x = 1 + 3y in ③, we get

So, median divides the triangle into two 3 (1 + 3y) + y = 3

triangle of equal area. 3 + 9y + y =3

32. 10y =0

A Pt B y =0
(3, 4) (x, y) (5, – 2)
So, x = 1 + 3y
PA = PB =1+0

( - 3 - x )2 + ( 4 - y )2 = ( 5 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2 =1
On squarring both sides, we get So, P (x, y) = (1, 0)
(3 – x)2 + (4 – y)2 = (5 – x)2 + (– 2 – y)2 A (3, 2)
33.
⇒ 9 + x² – 6x + 16 + y² – 8y = 25 + x² –
10 + 4 + y² + 4y
D )
y
(x,

F (x3, y3)
⇒ – 6x – 8y + 25 = – 10x + 4y + 29
⇒ 4x – 12y – 4 = 0
⇒ x – 3y = 1 ① B (5, 4) E C
Also, area of ∆PAB = 10 (x2, y2) (3, 6)
By midpoint formula,
1
∴ [ x (4 + 2) + 3 (– 2 – y) + 5 (y – 4) ] = 10
2 Ê 3 +5 2 + 4 ˆ
D (x2, y2) =Á ,
⇒ [ 6x – 6 – 3y + 5y – 20 ] = 20 Ë 2 2 ˜¯
⇒ [ 6x + 2y – 26 ] = 20 D (x2, y2) = (4, 3)

⇒ [ 3x + y – 13 ] = 10 Ê 5 +3 4 +6 ˆ
Again, E (x2, y2) = Á ,
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
⇒ 3x + y – 13 = ± 10
= (4, 5)
⇒ 3x + y = 23 ② or 3x + y = 3 ③
Ê 3 +3 2 +6 ˆ
F (x3, y3) =Á ,
From ①, x = 1 + 3y
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
So, eq. ② becomes 3 + 9y + y = 23 = (3, 4)
10y = 20 Area of ∆DEF

y =2 1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2
20 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 ⇒ – 6x – 28 = ± 160
= [ 4 (5 – 4) + 4 (4 – 3) + 3 (3 – 5) ]
2 – 6x – 28 = 160 – 6x – 28 = –160
1 6x = – 188 – 6x = – 132
= [ 4 + 4 – 6 ] = 1 sq. unit
2
- 94
34. Let A(x1 = – 2, y1 = 5), B(x2 = k, y2 = – 4) and C(x3 x = x = 22
3
= 2k + 1, y3 = 10) be the vertices of the triangle,
so
36. Let D (x, y) be the Circumcentre.
Area of (∆ABC)
We know that Circumcentre of a triangle is
1 equidistant from each of the vertices.
= [x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2)]
2
1 Let the vertices be A (x1, y1) = (8, 6), B (x2,
53 = [ (– 2) (– 4 – 10) + k (10 – 5) + (2k + 1) (5 + y2) = (8, – 2) and C (x3, y3) = (2, – 2).
4)] 2
So, AD = BD
1
⇒ 53 = [ 28 + 5k + 9 (2k + 1)]
2 ( 8 - x )2 + ( 6 - y )2 = ( 8 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2
⇒ 28 + 5k +18k + 9 = 106
On squarring both sides, we get
⇒ 37 + 23k = 106
(8 – x)² + (6 – y)² = (8 – x)² + (– 2 – y)²
⇒ 23k = 106 – 37 = 69
(6 – y)² = (– 2 – y)²
69
⇒ k= =3 36 + y² – 12y = 4 + y² + 4y
23
Hence, k = 3 32 = 16y
The value of k is 3. y = 2

35. A (–2, 3) B (6, 5) Also, BD = CD

( 8 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2 = ( 2 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2

(8 – x)² + (– 2 – y)² = (2 – x)² + (– 2 – y)²

D (–4, – 3) C (x, – 5) 64 + x² – 16x + 4 y² + 4y = 4 + x² – 4x + 4 + y² +4y

Area of quadrilateral ABCD = 80 sq. units ⇒ – 16x + 4y + 68 = – 4x + 4y + 8

i.e. area of ∆ABC + area of ∆ACD = 80 ⇒ 12x = 60

1 ⇒ x=5
i.e. [ – 2 (5 + 5) + 6 (– 5 – 3) ] +
2
So, Circumcentre is (x, y) = (5, 2)
1
[ – 2 (– 5 + 3) + x (– 3 – 3) ] = 80
2 Circumradius
1 = AD
⇒ [ 4 – 6x – 32 ] = 160
2
= ( 8 - x )2 + ( 6 - y )2
⇒ [ – 6x – 28 ] = 160
= ( 8 - 5 )2 + ( 6 - 2 )2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
21
 = 9 +16 Ê x + x3 y 2 + y3 ˆ
F is Á 2 , ˜
= Ë 2 2 ¯
25
Area of ∆ABC
= 5
1
37. By ,midpoint formula, [ x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2) ]
2
Ê O + 2a 26 + O ˆ Consider ar ∆DEF
C (x, y) = Á ,
Ë 3 3 ˜¯
1 ÈÊ x1 + x 2 ˆ ÈÊ y 2 + y 3 ˆ Ê y1 + y 3 ˆ ˘ ˘
= (a, b) = ÍÁ ˜ ÍÁ ˜- Á ˜˙ ˙
2 ÍË 2 ¯ ÎË 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯ ˚ ˙
Using distance formula, we have Í È ˙
Í + ÊÁ x 2 + x 3 ˆ˜ Í ÊÁ y1 + y 3 ˆ˜ - Ê y1 + y 3 ˆ ˘ ˙
Á ˜˙
Í Ë 2 ¯ ÎË 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯˚ ˙
BC = (a - o )2 + (b - 2b )2 Í ˙
Í Ê x1 + x 3 ˆ È Ê y1 + y 2 ˆ Ê y 2 + y3 ˆ ˘ ˙
Í +Á 2
˜ ÍÁ ˜- Á ˜˙ ˙
Î Ë ¯ ÎË 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯˚ ˚
= a2 + b2

OC = (a - o )2 + (b - o )2 =
1 È( x1 + x 2 ) ( y 2 - y1 ) ˘
8 Í ˙
Í + ( x 2 + x3 ) ( y3 - y 2 ) ˙
= a2 + b2 Í ˙
Î + ( x1 + x3 ) ( y1 - y 3 ) ˚
AC = (a - 2a )2 + (b - o )2
=
1 È x È( y - y ) + ( y1 - y 3 ) ˘ ˘
= 8 Í 1Î 2 1 ˚ ˙
a +b
2 2
Í +x 2 ÈÎ( y 2 - y1 ) + ( y 3 - y 2 ) ˘˚ ˙
Í ˙
So, BC = CO = AC ÍÎ +x3 ÎÈ( y 3 - y 2 ) + ( y1 - y 3 ) ˚˘ ˙˚
∴ Point C is equidistant from the vertices
O, and B.
1 È x1 ( y 2 - y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 - y1 ) ˘
= Í ˙
ÎÍ +x3 ( y1 - y 2 )
8
38. A (x1, y1) ˙˚
2 2 ˆ
˜
y
¯
, 1+

Ê1ˆ Ê1ˆ
2 2 y

Ê x1 + x3 y1 + y 3 ˆ = Á ˜ Á ˜ [x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2) ]

x

D FÁ , ˜ Ë4¯ Ë2¯
Á x1 +

Ë 2 2 ¯
Ê

1
Ë

= area of ∆ABC
4
B E C
(x2, y2) Ê x 2 + x3 y 2 + y3 ˆ (x3, y3) 39. Using formula for area of triangle,
Á , ˜
Ë 2 2 ¯
1
ar ∆DBC = [ x (5 + 2) – 3 (– 2 – 3x) + 4 (3x –
By midpoint formula, 5) ] 2

Ê x + x 2 y1 + y 2 ˆ 1
D is Á 1 , ˜ = [ 7x + 6 + 9x + 12x – 20 ]
Ë 2 2 ¯ 2
1
Ê x + x3 y1 + y 3 ˆ = [ 28x – 14 ]
E is Á 1 , ˜ 2
Ë 2 2 ¯

22 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = [ 14 x – 7 ] ① 11
⇒ x=
Using formula for area of triangle, 8
- 49
1 If 14x – 7 =
= [ 6 (5 + 2) – 3 (– 2 – 3) + 4 (3 – 5) ] 4
2 - 49 - 49 + 28 - 21
14x = +7 = =
1 4 4 4
= [ 42 + 15 – 8 ]
2
-3
1 ⇒ x=
= [ 49 ] sq. units 8
2
ar DDBC 1 40. As the point (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) lie on
As =
ar DABC 2 the same line, area of triangle formed by these
14 x – 7 1 points is 0.
⇒ =
49 2 1
i.e. [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] =
2 0 2
2 14 x – 7 1 [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] = 0
⇒ =
49 2
On dividing by x1 x2 x3, we get
49
⇒ 14 x – 7 =
4 È x1 ( y 2 - y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 - y1 ) + x3 ( y1 - y 2 ) ˘
Í ˙ =0
49 Î x1 x 2 x3 ˚
⇒ 14x – 7 = ±
4
49 È y 2 - y 3 y 3 - y1 y1 - y 2 ˘
If 14x – 7 = Í + + ˙ =0
4 Î x 2 x3 x1 x3 x1 x 2 ˚
49 49 + 28 77
14x = +7= =
4 4 4 y 2 - y 3 y 3 - y1 y1 - y 2
∴ + + =0
x 2 x3 x1 x3 x1 x 2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
23
 Chapter

08 Introduction to Trigonometry
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS A
= cos
2
12 3 Option (b)
1. Cot x = =
16 4
tan 30∞
sin x − cos x 1 − cot x 4.
= tan 0∞ - cot 30∞
sin x + cos x 1 + cot x
1
3
1− 3
4 =
= 0- 3
3
1+
4 -1
=
1 4 3
= × Option (b)
4 7

1 5. Consider
=
7 (a sinθ + b cosθ)²
Option (a)
= a² sin²θ + b² cos²θ + 2ab sinθ cosθ
( 2)
2
x ( 2)
2
2

( 3)
2 Ê 1 ˆ = a² (1 – cos²θ) + b² (1 – sin²θ) + 2ab sinθ cosθ
2. 2 = - Á ˜
2
Ê 1 ˆ Ê 3ˆ Ë 3¯ = a² + b² – a² cos²θ – b²sin²θ + 2ab sinθ cosθ
8Á ˜ Á ˜
Ë 2 ¯ ÁË 2 ˜¯ = a² + b² – (a² cos²θ + b² sin²θ) + 2ab sinθ
8x 1 8 cosθ (i)
=3– =
3 3 3 Also, a cosθ – b sinθ = c
x =1
⇒ (a cosθ – b sinθ)² = c²
Option (a)
⇒ a² cos²θ + b² sin²θ – 2ab sinθ cosθ = c²
3. A + B + C = 180° ⇒ a² cos²θ + b² sin²θ = c² + 2ab sinθ cosθ (ii)
⇒ B + C = 180° –A So, (a sinθ + b cosθ)²
Ê B +C ˆ Ê 180∞ - A ˆ = a² + b² + 2ab sinθ cosθ – c² – 2ab sinθ cosθ
∴ = sin Á ˜ = sin Á ˜
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯ [From (i) and (ii)]
Ê Aˆ = a² + b² – c²
= sin Á 90∞ - ˜
Ë 2¯ ∴ a sin + b cos = ± a2 + b2 - c 2
Option (b)
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
1
 1 + sinθ
WORKSHEET 1 =
cosθ
Section A 4. cos (a + b) = 0
cos(90° – θ) sec(90° – θ) tanθ
1. +
cos(90° – θ) sin(90° – θ) cot (90° – θ) a + b = 90°
tan(90° – θ) ∴ a = 90° – 6
cotθ Consider sin (a – b) = sin [90° – 26]
sinθ cosecθ tanθ = cos26°
=
secθ cosθ tanθ
cotθ tan2 – sec2 θ
= 5.
cotθ cot2 – cosec2 θ
1 1 sec2 θ – tan2 θ
= + =
1 1 cosec2 θ – cot2 θ
=2
1
=
2. Consider 1
tanA tanB + tanA cotB sin2B = 1
–
sinA secB cos2A 1
6. cosecθ = 3x ⇒ x = cosecθ
3
tan(90° – B) tanB + tanAcot(90° – A)
= 3 1 1
sinA sec(90° – A) cotθ = = ⇒ cotθ
x x 3
sin B
2
– 1 1 1 1
cos (90° – B)
2 considerx² – 2 = cosec²θ – cot²θ =
x 9 9 9
cotB tanB + tan2A sin2B 5
= – 7. tan A =
sinA cosecA sin2B 12
1 + tan2A Consider (sin A + cos A) Sec A
= –1 1
1
= (sin A + cos A)
= tan² A cosA
= tan A + 1
5
1 + sinθ = +1
3. 12
1 – sinθ
17
1 + sinθ 1 + sinθ =
×
12
=
1 – sinθ 1 – sinθ 6
8. Consider 6 tan²θ –
cos2 θ
(1 + sinθ)2
= = 6 (tan²θ – sec² θ)
1 – sin2 θ
= 6 (1)
(1 + sinθ) 2
= =6
cos2 θ

2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
Section B 11. (i) 2 sin3x = 3

9. 2 sin²30° – 3 cos² 45° + tan²60° 3

sin3x =
2
1 ² 1 ² Ê Ê - -ˆ ² ˆ
=2 –3 Á+ Á 3 ˜ ˜
Ë Ë ¯ ¯
3x = 60°
2 2
x = 20°
1 3
= – +3 x
2 2 (ii) 2 sin =1
2
=2
x 1
sin = = sin30°
10. (i) We know that – 1 ≤ sinθ ≤ 1 2 2
x
∴ 0 ≤ sin²θ ≤ 1 = 30°
2
1 x = 60°
If sinθ = x + ,
x
On squaring both sides, we get
12. Sinθ + sin²θ = 1
1
sin²θ = x² + 2 + 2 ⇒ sinθ = 1 – sin²θ
x
1
Here, R H S = x² + 2 + 2 > 2 ⇒ sinθ = cos²θ (i)
x
but Maximum value of sin²θ is ⇒ tanθ = cosθ
1 Consider cos²θ + cos4θ
∴ sin²θ is ≠ x +
x
= tan²θ + tan4θ
(ii) As (a – b)² ≥ 0
= tan²θ (1 + tan²θ)
⇒ a² + b² – 2ab ≥ 0
= tan²θ sec²θ
⇒ a² + b² ≥ 2ab
1
a² + b² 2ab = tan²θ By (i)
∴ cosθ = ≥ =1 sinθ
2ab 2ab
sinθ
=
⇒ cosθ ≥ 1 cos2 θ
if cos = 1 sinθ
= By (i)
a² + b² sinθ
=1
2ab = 1
a² + b² = 2ab
13. A
(a – b)² = 0
a =b
but a and b are distvied
∴ cosθ > 1
but – 1 ≤ cosθ ≤ 1
a² + b²
So, cosθ ≠ B C
2ab
1
tan A =
3
ADDITIONAL TM

PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
3
 BC 1 16. Consider
=
AB 3
A + B = 90° 3 cos²30° + sec²30° + 2 cos²0° + 3 sin²90° –
Let BC = k, AB = k tan²60°
A – B = 30°
∴ AC² = BC² + AB² = 4k² 3 ² 2 ² Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ²
= 3 + + 2 (1)² + 3 (1)²ÁË– ÁË 3 ˜¯ ˜
¯
AC = 2k 2 3
9 4
Consider = + +2+3–3
4 3
sinA cosC + cosA sinC 9 4
= + +2
BC BC AB AB 4 3
= +
AC AC AC AC 27 + 16 + 24
=
BC 2
AB 2
12
= +
AC AC2
2
67
=
BC2 + AB2 12
=
AC2
Section C
AC2
= 17. tanθ + cotθ = 2
AC2
= 1 1
tanθ + =2
tanθ
14. Consider tan²θ – 2 tanθ + 1 = 0
4 cot²45° – Sec²60° + sin²60° – cos²90° (tanθ – 1)² = 0
3 ²
= 4(1)² – (2)² + – (0)² tanθ – 1 =0
2
3 tanθ = 1 = tan 45°
=4–4+
4
3 θ = 45°
=
4
Consider tan7θ + cot7θ
15. Consider
= tan7(45°) +cot7(45°)
1 cosθ ²
(cosecθ – cotθ)² = –
sinθ sinθ = 17 + 17

1 – cosθ ² = 1+1
=
sinθ = 2
(1 – cosθ)2 18. Consider
=
sinθ
sinθ 1 + cosθ
+
(1 – cosθ) 2
1 + cosθ sinθ
=
1 – cos2θ sinθ (sinθ) + (1 + cosθ) (1 + cosθ)
=
1 – cosθ sinθ (1 + cosθ)
=
1+ cosθ sin2θ + 1 + cos2θ + 2 cosθ
=
sinθ (1 + cosθ)

4 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2 + 2 cosθ 225 – 108
= 125
sinθ (1 + cosθ)
=
2 + (1 + cosθ) 256 – 300
= 125
sinθ (1 + cosθ)
117
2 =
= = 2 cosec θ –44
sinθ
So, L H S = R H S
5 AC
19. Sec A = =
4 AB 20. a cos θ + b sin θ =m
LHS RHS
a sin θ – b cos θ =n
3sinA – 4sin A 3 3tanA – tan3A
To prove : a² + b² = m² + n²
4cos3A – 3cosA 1 – 3tan2A
Proof a cos θ + b sin θ = m
C 3
3 3 On squarring both sides, we get
3 –
5k 4 4
3k = a² cos² θ + b² sin² θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ = m² (1)
2
3
1–3 a sin θ – b cos θ = n
4
B 4k A
On squarring both sides, we get
BC² = AC² – AB²
9 27 a² sin² θ + b² cos² θ – 2ab sin θ cos θ = n² (2)
–
4 64
= 25k² – 16k² = On adding (1) and (2), we get
27
1–
= 9k² 16 a² (sin² θ + cos² θ) + b² (sin² θ + cos² θ) = m² +
n²
∴ BC = 3k
144 – 27 ⇒ a² + b² = m² + n²
3sinA – 4sin A 2 64
So, =
4cos3A – 3cosA 16 – 24 21. x = a cos³ θ
3 16 y = b sin³ θ
3 3
3 –4
5 5 117 2 2

= = x 3 y 3

4
3
4 –44 Consider + b
4 –3 a
5 5 2 2
a cos3θ 3
b cos3θ 3
9 108 = +
– a b
5 125 –117
= = = cos² θ + sin² θ
256 12 44
–
125 5 = 1
9 108
– 22. sin (A + B) = 1 = sin 90°
5 125
=
256 12 A + B = 90° (1)
–
125 5 3
cos (A – B) = = cos 30°
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
5
 A – B = 30° (2) secA + 1
secA secA + 1
On solving (1) and (2), we get = = = RHS
secA – 1 secA – 1
A + B = 90° secA
A – B = 90°
_________ Section D
2A = 120°
25. C 10
A = 60° 3c
m
D
From (1), B = 90° – A
10

cm
cm
2

10
= 90° – 60°
1
= 30° A B

23. Consider
(1 – sin θ + cos θ)² In ∆ADB,
BD 10
= [(1 – sin θ) + cos θ]² tan (∠1) = = =1
AD 10
= (1 – sin θ)² + cos² θ + 2cos θ (1 – sin θ) ∴ ∠1 = 45°
= (1 – sin θ)² + (1 – sin² θ)+2cos θ(1 – sin θ) In ∆ADC,
= (1 – sin θ) [1 – sin θ + 1 + sin θ + 2cos θ] 10 3
tan (∠2) = = 3
10
= (1 – sin θ) (2 cos θ + 2)
∠2 = 60°
= 2 (1 + cos θ) (1 – sin θ)
So, ∠A = ∠1 + ∠2
= RHS
= 45° + 60°
tanA + sinA
24. LHS = = 105°
tanA – sinA
sinA 26. Consider
cosA + sinA
= sin θ
sinA LHS =
1 – cos θ
cosA – sinA
sin θ (1 + cos θ)
sinA + sinAcosA = (1 – cos θ) (1 + cos θ)
cosA
=
sinA – sinAcosA sin θ (1 + cos θ)
cosA =
1 – cos2 θ
sinA + sinAcosA sin θ (1 + cos θ)
= sinA – sinAcosA =
sin2 θ
1 1 + cos θ
sinA(1+ AcosA) 1 + secA =
sin θ
= sinA(1– AcosA) =
1
1– 1 cos θ
secA = +
sin θ sin θ
6 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = cosec θ + cot θ 1 1
= –
sinA cosecA + cotA
= RHS
i.e. To prove
27. Given : (2θ + 45°) & (30° + θ) and sin(2θ +
45°) = cos(30° + θ) 1 1 2
+ =
cosecA – cotA cosecA + cotA sinA
sin(2θ + 45°) = cos(30° + θ)
Consider
sin(2θ + 45°) = sin(90° θ(30°– θ))
1 1
[sin(90° – θ) = cos θ] +
cosecA – cotA cosecA + cotA
sin(2θ + 45°) = sin(90° – 30° + θ) 1 1
= +
On equating both sides, 1 cosA 1 cosA
– +
sinA sinA sinA sinA
(2θ + 45°) = (60° + θ)
sinA sinA
= +
2θ – θ = 60° - 45° 1 – cosA 1 + cosA
θ = 15° Ê 1 +-cosA
ˆ +1Ê – cosA
- ˆ
=Á ˜ Á ˜ sinA
Ë (1 – cosA)
¯ (1Ë + cosA)¯
28. Consider
tanA cotA Ê Ê -2 - ˆ ˆ
LHS = + = ÁÁ 2˜ ˜ sinA
1 – cotA 1 – tanA Ë1Ë – cos ¯A¯
sinA cosA 2
cosA sinA = sinA
sin2A
= +
cosA sinA
1– 1– 2
sinA cosA =
sinA
sin2A cos2A
= +
cosA (sinA – cosA) sinA (cosA – sinA) 30. sinθ + cosθ= p, secθ + cosecθ = q

sin2A cos2A Consider

= –
cosA (sinA – cosA) sinA (cosA – sinA)
q (p² – 1)
sin3A – cos3A = (secθ + cosecθ) [ sin²θ + cosθ²) – 2 ]
=
sinA cosA (sinA – cosA)
= (secθ + cosecθ) [sin²θ + cos²θ + 2sinθ cosθ -1]
(sinA – cosA) (sin A + cos A + sinA cosA
2 2
= Ê 1 -Ê ˆ -1 ˆ
sinA cosA (sinA – cosA) =Á Á +˜ ˜ (2 sinθ cosθ)
Ë cosθË ¯ sinθ ¯
1 + sinA cosA
= Ê sinθ
Ê- + cosθ
ˆ- ˆ
sinA cosA =Á Á ˜ ˜ (2 sinθ cosθ)
Ë sinθ
Ë cosθ
¯ ¯
= 1 + cosec A sec A
= 2 (sinθ + cosθ)
=RHS
= 2p
29. To prove :
31. Secθ + tanθ = p (i)
1 1
– We know that Sec²θ – tan²θ =1
cosecA – cotA sinA
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
7
 ⇒ (secθ – tanθ) (secθ + tanθ) = 1
WORKSHEET 2
⇒ (secθ – tanθ) p = 1
1 Section A
⇒ secθ – tanθ = (ii)
p 1. Consider
On adding (i) and (ii), we get (1 + cot²θ) sin²θ
1
2 secθ = p + ÊÊ - - 2ˆθ ˆ
cos
p = Á1Á+ ˜ ˜ sin²θ
Ë Ë sin2θ¯¯
1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ
secθ = Á Á p + ˜ ˜ = sin²θ + cos²θ
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
=1
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
1 2. Consider
–2 tanθ = –p
p
cosec²θ (1 + cosθ) (1 – cosθ) = x
1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ
tanθ = Á Á p – ˜ ˜ ⇒ cosec²θ (1 – cos²θ) = x
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
⇒ cosec²θ sin²θ =x
Also,
1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ 1
Á Áp – ˜ ˜ ⇒ sin²θ =x
2Ë Ë p ¯ ¯ p2 – 1 sin2θ
tanθ
sinθ = = = 2
secθ 1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ p + 1 ⇒ 1 =x
Á Áp + ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
3. cos1° cos2° cos3°... cos179° cos188°
32. sinθ + cosθ = 2
= cos1° cos2° cos3°... cos90°... cos179° cos188°
1 1
⇒ sinθ + cosθ = 1 = 0
2 2
π π A
⇒ cos sinθ + sin cosθ = 1 4.
4 4
Ê Ê π - -ˆ ˆ π
⇒ Á Á + θ˜ =
sin ˜ 1 = sin 3k 5k
Ë Ë4 ¯ ¯ 2
π π
⇒ +θ=
4 2 θ
π π B 4k C
⇒ θ= –
2 4 cotθ = 4
π 4
4 cotθ =
Consider 3
BC
tanθ + cotθ =
AB
π π Let BC = 4k, AB = 3k
= tan+ cot
4 4
=1+1 By Pythagoras theorem,
=2
8 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 AC² = AB² + BC² A
= (3k)2 + (4k)2 34
k
3k
= 9k² + 16k²
= 25k² θ
B 5k C
∴ AC = 5k
4cosθ – sinθ Let AB = 3k
Consider 2cosθ + sinθ BC = 5k

4 3 By Pythagoras theorem,
4 –
5 5 AC² = AB² + BC²
=
4 3
2 – = 9k² + 25k²
5 5
= 34k²
16 3
–
5 5 ⇒ AC = 34 k
=
8 3
+ Consider
5 5
5sinθ – 2sec3θ + 2cosθ
13 5 5sinθ + 2sec3θ + 2cosθ
= ×
5 11 3
Ê Ê - 3 -ˆ ʈ Ê -34-ˆ ˆÊ Ê - 5 -ˆ ˆ
13 Á5 Á ˜ –Á˜2 Á ˜ +
˜Á 2 Á ˜ ˜
= Ë Ë 34¯ ˯ Ë 5 ¯ ¯Ë Ë 34¯ ¯
11 = 3
Ê Ê - 3 -ˆ ʈ Ê -34-ˆ ˆÊ Ê - 5 -ˆ ˆ
Á5 Á ˜ +Á˜2 Á ˜ –
˜Á 2 Á ˜ ˜
5. Consider (secA + tanA) (1 – sinA) Ë Ë 34¯ ˯ Ë 5 ¯ ¯Ë Ë 34¯ ¯

Ê 1Ê- ˆsin
- ˆ 15 10 68
+ – 34
=Á Á ˜ ˜ (1 – sinA) 34 34 125
Ë cosA
Ë cosA
¯ ¯
=
15 68 10
+ 34 –
(1 + sinA) (1 – sinA) 34 125 34
=
cosA
1 – sin2A cos2A 25 34 68
– 34
= = 34 125
cosA cosA =
5 34 68
= cosA + 34
34 125
6. 3 cosθ = 5 sinθ 3125 34 – 2312 34
3 sinθ 4250
= =
5 cosθ 625 34 + 2312 34
3 AB 4250
tanθ = =
5 BC
813 34
=
2937 34

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
9
 271 ⇒ (90° – 2θ) = (θ + 6°)
=
979 ⇒ 90° – 6° = 3θ
cos (90° – θ) sec (90° – θ) tan θ
84
cosec (90° – θ) sin (90° – θ) cot (90° – θ) ⇒ =θ
3
tan (90° – θ)
+ ⇒ 28° =θ
cotθ
sinθ cosecθ tanθ cotθ 2cos 67° tan 40°
= + 11. – – cos 0°
secθ cosθ tanθ cotθ sin 23° cot 50°
1 2cos(90° – 23°) tan(90° – 50°)
= +1 = – – cos 0°
1 sin 23° cot 50°
= 2
2sin 23° cot 50°
= – – cos 0°
7. cosφ sin 23° cot 50°
= cos (180° – (90° + θ)) = 2–1–1

= cos (90° – θ) =0

= sinθ
12. sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°)
4
= cosec (90° – 4A) = cosec (A – 20°)
5
(sec θ = cosec (90 – θ)
8. cos² 17° – sin²73°
Comparing angles
= cos² (90° – 73°) – sin²73°
90° – 4A = A – 20°
= sin²73° – sin²73°
–4A – A = –20° – 90°
= 0
–5A = –110°
2tan 30°
9. –110°
1 + tan2 30° A=
–5
1 A = 22°
2
3
=
1 ² cos 70° cos 59°
1+ 13. + – 8 sin² 30°
3 sin 20° sin 31°

2 3 cos (90° – 20°) cos (90° – 31°) 1

2
= × = + –8
3 4 sin 20° sin 31° 2
3 sin 20° sin 31° 8
= = + –
2 sin 20° sin 31° 4
Section B = 1+1–2
10. tan 2θ = cot (θ + 6°) = 0
⇒ cot (90° – 2θ) = cot (θ + 6°)
10 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
14. Sin 75 = Sin (30 + 45) 16. α + β = 90°
= Sin 30 Cos 45 + Sin 45 Cos 30 To prove: = cos α cosec β – cos α sin β
1 1 1 3 = sin α
= +
2 2 2 2 Consider cos α sec α – cos α cos α
1 3
= + = cos α cosec (90° – α) – cos α sin (90° – α)
2 2 2 2
(1 + 3 ) = cos α sec α – cos α cos α
=
2 2
= 1 – cos2 α
On rationalising :-
(1 + 3 ) (2 2 ) = sin2 α
(2 2 ) (2 2 )
= sin α
(2 2 + 2 6 )
17. Consider
8
cos 58° cos38° cosec52°
2( 2 + 6) 2 – 3
sin 32° tan15° tan60° tan75°
8
cos (90° – 32°)
( 2 + 6) = 2
sin 32°
4
( 2 + 6) – 3 cos (90° – 52°) cosec52°
Therefore Sin75 =
4 tan (90° – 75°) tan60° tan75°

15. sinθ = cosθ sin 32° sin52° cosec52°

= 2 – 3
sin 32° cot75° tan60° tan75°
sinθ
=1 1
cosθ
= 2– 3
tanθ = 1 3
π = 2–1
∴ θ =
4
= 1
Consider 2 tan²θ + sin²θ – 1
1
π π 18. tanθ + =2
= 2 tan² + sin² – 1 tanθ
4 4
On squarring both sides, we get
1 ²
= 2 (1)² + –1 1 1
2 tan²θ + 2 + 2 tanθ =4
tan θ tanθ
1
= 2– –1 1
2 tan²θ + +2=4
tan2θ
1
= 1– 1
2 tan²θ + =4–2
1 tan2θ
=
2 1
=2
tan2θ
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
11
 2tan 67° sin 40° 21. Consider
19. – – tan 0°
cot 23° cos 50°
(secθ – tanθ)²
2tan (90° – 23°) sin (90° – 50°)
= – – tan 0° 1 sinθ ²
cot 23° cos 50° = –
cosθ cosθ
2cot 23° cos 50°
= – – tan 0°
cot 23° cos 50° 1 – sinθ ²
=
cosθ
=2–1=0
(1 – sinθ)2
= 0 =
cos2θ

Section C (1 – sinθ)2
=
1 – sin2θ
20.
(1 – sinθ) (1 – sinθ)
O =
(1 – sinθ) (1 + sinθ)
1 – sinθ
= 1 + sinθ
7 cm x+1
22. Consider
secθ – tanθ
P x = 24 Q secθ + tanθ
(secθ – tanθ) (secθ – tanθ)
OQ – PQ =1 =
(secθ + tanθ) (secθ – tanθ)
Let PQ =x
(secθ – tanθ)2
=
∴ OQ =x+1 sec2θ – tan2θ
By Pythagoras theorem, sec2θ + tan2θ – 2secθ tanθ
= 1
OQ = OP + PQ
= 1 + tan²θ + tan²θ – 2 secθ tanθ
(x + 1)² = 7² + x²
= 1 – 2 secθ tanθ + 2 tan²θ
x² + 1 + 2x = 49 + x²
cos220° + cos270°
2x = 48 23. + 2 cosec58°
sec250° – cot240°
x = 24 – 2 cot58° tan32° – (4 tan13° tan37° tan45°
∴ PQ = 24 cm and OQ = 25 cm tan53° tan77°)
OP cos2(90° – 70°) + cos270°
sinQ = = + 2 cosec58°
OQ sec2(90° – 40°) – cot240°
7
=
25 – 2 tan32° cot (90° – 32°) – 4 tan (90° –
PQ 77°) tan (90° – 53°) (1) tan53° tan77°
cosQ =
OQ
sin270° + cos270°
24 = + 2 cosec 58°
= cosec240° – cot240°
25
12 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 – 2 tan32° cosec32° – 4 cot77° cot53° (1 + cot2θ) – (1 + tan2θ)
tan53° tan77° =
(1 + cot2θ) + (1 + tan2θ)
= 1 + 2 cosec58° – 2 sec 32° – 4 cot2θ – tan2θ
= 2 + cot2θ – tan2θ
= 1 + 2 cosec (90° – 32°) – 2 sec 32° – 4
= 1 + 2 sec32° – 2 sec 32° – 4 Ê Ê - -ˆ ² ˆ 1 ²
Á Á
Ë Ë 7 ˜¯ ˜¯–
7
= –3 =
Ê Ê - -ˆ ² ˆ 1 ²
2 ÁË+ ÁË 7 ˜¯ ˜¯+
24. cosecθ + cotθ = p (i) 7

Consider 1
7–
7
cosec²θ – cot²θ = 1 = 1
2+7+
(cosecθ – cotθ) (cosecθ + cotθ) = 1 7
1 48 7 48
(cosecθ – cotθ) = (ii) = × =
p 7 64 64
On adding (i) and (ii), we get 12
=
16
1
2 cosecθ = p + 3
p =
4
1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ
cosecθ = Á Á p + ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯ C
26.
On subtracting (i) and (ii), we get
1
– 2 cotθ = –p
p
2
k
k

1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ
cotθ = Á Áp – ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
cotθ
∴ cosθ = B k A
cosecθ
2 AC
1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ cosec A = =
Á Áp – ˜ ˜ 1 BC
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
= Let AC = 2 k
1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ
Á Áp + ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯ BC = k

p2 – 1 By Pythagoras theorem,
=
p2 + 1 AC² = AB² + BC²
1 2k² = AB² + k²
25. tanθ =
7 AB² = 2k² – k² = k²
cosec θ – sec2θ
2

cosec2θ + sec2θ AB = k

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13
 2sin2A + 3cot2A 28. To prove
So,
4tan2A – cos2A
cos6A + sin6A = 1 – 3sin2A cos2A
1 ²
2 + 3(1)2 LHS
2
= cos6A + sin6A
Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ²
4(1) –
2Á
Ë
Á
Ë 2˜ ˜
¯ ¯
= (cos6A)3 + (sin2A)3
1+3
=
4–2 = (cos²A + sin²A) [(cos2A)2 – cos2A x sin²A +
(sin²A)2]
= 2
(Because, a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2))
27. A
= (cos2 A)2 – cos2 A x sin2A + (sin2A)2
(Because, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1)
a²
+

ak = (cos2 A)2 – cos2 A x sin2A + (sin2A)2 + 2cos2

b²
k

A sin2A – 2cos2A sin2A

= (cos2 A + sin2A)2 – 3cos2 A sin2A

B bk C (Because, a2 + 2ab + b 2 = (a + b)2)

a = 1 – 3cos²A sin²A
sinθ =
a² + b² = RHS
AB Hemce, proved.
=
AC
Let AB = ak, AC = a² + b² k 29. 5 tan x = 4
4
By Pythagoras theorem, tan x =
5
AC² = AB² + BC² 5sin x – 3cos x
Consider
(a² + b²) k² = a²k² + BC² 5sin x + 2cos x

BC² = b²k² 5sin x – 3cos x

cos x
BC = bk =
5sin x + 2cos x
BC
∴ cosθ = cos x
AC
5tan x – 3
b =
= 5tan x + 2
a² + b²
4
5 –3
AB 5
tanθ = =
BC 4
5 +2
a 5
=
b 4–3
=
4+2
14 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 A
=
6
Section D
1
30. secθ = x + 8k 17k
4x
We know that sec²θ – tan²θ = 1
tan²θ = sec²θ – 1 θ
1
2 B 15k C
= x+ –1
4x Let BC = 15k
2
1 1 AB = 8k
= x² + + 2x –1
4x 4x
By Pythagoras theorem,
2
1 1
= x² + – AC² = AB² + BC²
4x 2
2 = 64k² + 225k²
1
= x–
4x = 289k²

1 ∴ AC = 17k²
So, tan²θ = x –
4x (2 + 2sinθ)(1 – sinθ)
(i) Consider
(1 + cosθ)(2 – 2cosθ)
1
∴ tanθ = ± x– 2(1 + sinθ)(1 – sinθ)
4x
=
2(1 + cosθ)(1 – cosθ)
Case 1 Case 2 1 – sin2θ
=
1 1 1 – cos2θ
secθ = x + secθ = x +
4x 4x cos2θ
=
1 1 sin2θ
tanθ = x – tanθ = – x –
4x 4x = cot²θ
So, So,
225
=
secθ + tanθ secθ + tanθ 64
1 1 cosec2θ – cot2θ
= 2x =x+ –x+ (ii)
4x 4x cosec2θ + cot2θ
2
= 1
4x =
cosec θ + cot2θ
2
1
= 1
2x =
1 17 ² 15 ²
∴ secθ + tanθ = 2x + +
2x 8 8

15 64
31. cotθ = =
8 289 + 225
BC 64
= =
AB 514

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
15
 32 = (cosecθ – sinθ)² (secθ – cosθ)²[(cosecθ –
=
257 sinθ)² (secθ – cosθ)²] + 3
(iii) sec²θ + tan²θ ² ²
1 1
17 ² 8 ² = – sinθ – cosθ
= + sinθ cosθ
15 15
1 ² 1 ²
289 64 – sinθ + – cosθ + 3
= + sinθ cosθ
225 225
353 1 – sin²θ ² 1 – cos²θ ²
= = =
225 sinθ cosθ

32. tan A = n tan B 1 – sin²θ ² 1 – cos²θ ²

+ +3
sin A sin B sinθ cosθ
⇒ =n (i)
cos A cos B
cos²θ ² sin²θ ² cos²θ ² sin²θ ²
Also, sin A = m sin B = cosθ + +3
sinθ sinθ cosθ
sin A
⇒ =m (ii)
sin B cos4θ sin4θ cos4θ sin4θ
= sin2θ cos2θ + +3
From (i), (ii), we get sin2θ cos2θ

cos A cos6θ + sin6θ + 3sin2θ cos2θ

m=n = sin²θ cos²θ
cos B sin2θ cos2θ
n
⇒ cos B = cos A (iii) = (sin²θ)³ + (cos²θ)³ + 3 sin²θ cos²θ
m
On putting value of sin B and cos B from = (sin²θ + cos²θ) (sin4θ + cos4θ – sin²θ cos²θ)
(ii) and (iii) in cos² B + sin² B = 1, we get + 3 sin²θ cos²θ

n2 1 = sin4θ + cos4θ + 2 sin²θ cos²θ

cos² A + 2 sin² A =1
m 2
m = (sin²θ + cos²θ)²
n² cos² A + sin² A = m²
= 1²
n² cos² A + 1 – cos² A = m² = 1

n² cos² A – cos² A = m² – 1 cosα cosα

34. cosβ m and sinβ = n
(n² – 1) cos² A = m² – 1
Consider
m2 – 1
∴ cos² A = 2 (m² + n²) cos²β
n –1

33. cose c θ – sinθ = l cos²α cos²α

= cos²β + sin²β cos²β
secθ – cosθ =m
cos²α sin²β + cos²β cos²α
Consider = cos²β
cos²β sin²β
l² – m² (l² + m² + 3) cos²α sin²β + cos²β cos²α
= sin²β

16 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 cosα ² ⇒ x² + y² =1
=
sinβ
= n² 37. cosecθ – sinθ = m

1
35. (secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) ⇒ – sinθ = m
sinθ
= (secA – tanA) (secB – tanB) (secC – tanC) (i) 1 – sin²θ
⇒ sinθ = m
On multiplying both side of (i) by (secA – tanA)
(secB – tanB) (secC – tanC), we get cos²θ
⇒ sinθ =m
(sec²A – tan²A) (sec²B – tan²B) (sec²C – tan²C)
= (secA – tanA)² (secB – tanB)² (secC – tanC)² Also, secθ – = n

⇒ 1 = (secA – tanA)² (secB – tanB)² (secC – tanC)² 1

– cosθ = n
cosθ
⇒ (secA – tanA)² (secB – tanB)² (secC – tanC)² = ±1
1 – cos²θ
Again, Multiplying both sides of (i) by =n
cosθ
(secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) sin²θ
we get cosθ = n

(secA + tanA)² (secB + tanB)² (secC + tanC)² So,

2 2
= (sec²A – tan²A) (sec²B – tan²B) (sec²C – tan²C) L H S = (m2n) 3 + (mn2) 3
2 2
= 1
cos4θ sin2θ 3 cos2θ sin4θ 3
= +
∴ (secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) = ±1 sin2θ cosθ sinθ cos4θ
2 2
= (cos3θ) 3 + (sin3θ) 3
36. x sin³θ + y cos³θ = sinθ cosθ
= cos²θ + sin²θ
⇒ x sin³θ + cos²θ (y cosθ) = sinθ cosθ
= 1
⇒ x sin³θ + cos²θ x sinθ = sinθ cosθ
[ y cosθ = x sinθ ] 38. a secθ + b tanθ + c = 0

⇒ x sinθ + (sin²θ + cos²θ) = sinθ cosθ p secθ + q tanθ + r = 0

⇒ x sinθ = sinθ cosθ To prove:

⇒ x = cosθ (br – qc)² – (pc – ar)² = (aq – pb)²

x sinθ cosθ sinθ Consider
∴ y = cosθ = cosθ = sinθ
Also, we know that (br – qc)² – (pc – ar)²

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 = [ b (– p secθ – q tanθ) + q (a secθ + b

tanθ)]² – [p (– a secθ – b tanθ) + a (p
⇒ y² + x² =1 secθ + q tanθ)]²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
17
 = [ – bp secθ – bq tanθ + aq secθ + bq tanθ 1
]² – [ – ap secθ – bp tanθ + ap secθ + aq = 1 + 1 – a2 + (1 – a²) 1 – a2 1+
tan2θ
tanθ]²
= [ secθ (aq – bp)]² – [(aq – bp) tanθ]² 1
= 2 – a2 + (1 – a²) ( 1 – a2 ) 1 +
1 – a2
= (aq – bp)² (sec²θ – tan²θ)

= (aq – bp)² 1 – a2
= 2 – a2 + (1 – a²) 2 – a2
1 – a2

39. tan²θ = 1 – a² = 2 – a2 + (1 – a²) 2 – a2

Consider
= 2 – a2 + (1 + 1 – a²)
(secθ + tan³θ cosecθ)
= 2 – a2 + (2 – a²)
= 1 + tan2θ + tan²θ tanθ cosecθ
2
= (2 – a2) 3
= 1 + tan2θ + tan²θ tanθ 1 + cot2θ

18 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter Some Applications of
09 Trigonometry
3. A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. A
x

θ
B 60° C B 3x C
100
AB x 1
AB tan θ = = =
tan 60° = BC 3x 3
BC
θ = 30°
AB
3 =
100 Option (d)
∴ AB = 100 3 m
4. A
Option (d)

2.
A

60°
30 m
B 2.5 m C
θ BC
B E Cos 60° =
1.5 m 1.5 m AC
C 28. 5 m D 1 2.5
=
2 AC
AB = AC – BC AC =5m

= 30 – 1. 5 Option (b)

= 28.5 m 5. A

BE = CD = 28.5 m
In ∆ABE,
AB 28.5 30°
tanθ = = = 1 B E
BE 28.5
1.7 m 1.7 m
⇒ θ = 45°
Option (c) C 20 3 D
In ∆ABE, BE = CD = 20 3 m
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
1
 AB 2.
tan 30° = A E
BE
1 AB
=
3 20 3 x y

∴ AB = 20 m
30° 60°
So, AC = AB + BC = 20 + 1. 7 B C D
= 21. 7 m Let AB and DE denote two towers
Option (a) In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 30° =
WORKSHEET 1 BC
1 x
=
Section A 3 BC
⇒ BC = 3
1. A
In ∆CDE,
DE
tan 60° =
CD
y
D 3 =
CD
h Metres y
60° 30° CD =
B C 3
Let AB denotes the tower. As BC = CD
y
In ∆BCD, ∴ 3x =
3
CD
tan 60° = 3x = y
BC
h ⇒ x :y = 1 :3
3 =
BC
3. In ∆ABC,
h
BC = Metre AB 20 1
3 tan C = = =
In ∆ABC, BC 20 3 3
∴ C = 30°
AB
tan 30° =
BC 4. A
1 AB
= E
3 h

1 3
= 1.5 m
3 h
θ
h B 3m C 4.5 m D
AB = Metre
3
2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let CE denotes the boy and AB denotes a = 3
lamp-post.
θ = 60°
In ∆DCE,
CE 1.5 1 8. A
tan θ = = =
CD 45 3
In ∆ABC,
AB
tan θ =
BD
1 AB
=
3 7.5 45° 30°
∴ AB = 2. 5 m B x D 20 m C
Let AB denotes the chimney.
5. In ∆ABC,
BC Let BD = x metre
sin 45° =
AC In ∆ABC,
1 BC AB
= tan 30° =
2 150 BC
150 1 AB
BC = =
2 3 x + 20

= 75 2 m 1
AB = (x + 20) (i)
3
6. A In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 45° =
BD
AB
1 =
θ x
B C AB = x (ii)
Let AB denotes the vertical role and BC From (i) and (ii),
denotes the shadow of the role.
1
Let AB = BC = x AB = x = (x + 20)
3
In ∆ABC,
3 x – x = 20
AB x
tan θ = = =1 20
BC x x =
3–1
∴ θ = 45°
20
= ( 3 + 1)
7. In ∆BAC, 2
AB x = 10 ( 3 + 1)
tan θ =
AC
5a 3 ∴ AB = x = 10 ( 3 + 1)
=
5a
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
3
 9. A Let AC be x and AB be 12 – x

AC
∴ sin 60° =
AB
3 x
=
2 12 – x
45° 12 3 – 3 x = 2x
B 10 m C
12 × 1.73 = 2x + 1.73x
Let AB denotes the tower and BC denotes
the shadow 20.76 = 3.73x

In ∆ABC, 2076 × 100

=x
AB 373 × 100
tan 45° =
BC 5.6m = x = AC
AB
1 = 12. Let the aeroplane be at B and let the two
10
ships be at C and D such that their angles of
AB = 10 m depression from B are 60° and 30° respectively.

10. A In ∆CAB, we have,

AB
tan 60° =
CA
21 m
1200
⇒ 3 =
30° x
B C 1200
⇒x = = 400 3
Let AC denotes the string of kite. 3

In ∆ABC, In ∆BAD, we have

AB AB
sin 30° = tan 30° =
AC AD
1 21 1 1200
= ⇒ =
2 AC 3 x+y
AC = 42 m ⇒x+y = 1200 3

Section B ⇒y = 1200 3 – x

11. ⇒y = 1200 3 – 400 3

12 m
= 800 3 = 800 × 1.732
A
= 1385.6
? Hence, the distance between the two ships is
1385.6 metres.
60°
C B
4 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13. A Let AB denotes the three .

30° Step 1:
E 45° B
Given Data:
15 m In rt. ∆PRS,
D 45° C x = RS cot 30°
Let the window be at point E and AC be the x = RS 3
house.
Step 2:
Let
To find : AC x = 3 RS........ (i)
In ∆CDE, In rt. ∆RSQ,
DE
tan 45° =
CD SQ = RS cot 45°
15 Step 3:
1 =
CD
∴ CD = 15 m (100 – x) = RS

∴ BE = CD = 15 m x = 100 – RS........ (ii)

In ∆ABE, Step 4:
AB
tan 30° =
BE Equating (i) and Equation(ii) we have:
1 AB RS = 100 – RS
=
3 15
15 Step 5:
∴ AB = =5 3 m
3 2.73 RS = 100
Also, BC = DE =15 m RS = 36.63 m
∴ AC = AB = BC
AC = 5 3 + 15 15. A

= 5( 3 + 3) m
= 5 (1. 732 + 3) m
θ 90°– θ
= 5 x 4. 732 B a C D
b
= 23. 66 m
Let AB denotes the tree.
14.
R To prove : AB = ab metres
In ∆ABC,
AB
tan θ =
BC
45° AB
30° tan θ =
xm S (100 – x)m a
P Q
100 m
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
5
 ∴ AB = a tan θ (i) 17. P

In ∆ABD,
AB R β S
tan (90 – θ) =
BD
AB b b
cot θ =
b
∴ AB = b cot θ (ii) α β
A Q
From (i) and (ii) Let PQ denotes the tower

AB = a tan θ = b cot θ To prove : PQ = b tan α cot β

b QS = AR = b ft
tan2θ =
a
b In ∆RAQ,
∴ tan θ = AR
a tan β =
So, AB = a tan θ AQ

b b
= a tan β =
a AQ

= ab metres AQ = b cot β
In ∆PQA,
16. A
PR
tan α =
AQ
D PS + QS
tan α =
b cos β
50 m PS + b
tan α =
b cos β
30° 60°
B ⇒ PS + b = b tan α cot β
C
Let AB denotes the hill and CD denotes the ⇒ PS = b tan α cot β – b
tower such that CD = 50 m
So, PQ = PS + SQ
In ∆BCD,
CD = b tan α cot β – b + b
tan 30° =
BC = b tan α cot β
1 50
=
3 BC 18. A
∴ BC = 50 3 m h
C
In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 60° = 4000 m
BC 60° 45°
AB B D
3 =
50 3 Height of first Airplane = AB = 4000m
∴ AB = 150 m
6 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Height of another lane = BC
B r
The angles of elevation of two planes from the C
same point on the ground are 60° and 45°. i.e. r h
∠ADB = 60° and ∠CDB = 45° A
Let AC be h α α
α
2
β 2
CB = AB – AC = 4000 – h x
P Q
In ∆ABD
PX is the horizontal line and CQ ⊥ PQ. It is
Perpendicular given that ∠APB = α
tanθ =
Base
α
AB ∴ ∠CPA = ∠CPB =
tan60° = 2
BD and ∠CPA = β
4000 Let height of the centre C be h m and CA =
3 =
BD CB = r
4000 In right triangle CBP, we have
BD =
3 α BC
sin =
BD = 2309.401 2 CP

In ∆CBD α r
⇒ sin =
2 CP
Perpendicular
tanθ =
Base r
⇒ CP =
α
CB sin
tan45° = 2
BD α
⇒ CP = r cosec
4000 – h 2
1= In right triangle CPQ, we have
2309.401
CQ
2309.401 = 4000 – h sin β =
CP
h = 4000 – 2309.401 ⇒ CQ = CP sin β
h = 1690.599 α
⇒ CQ = r cosec sin β
2
Hence, the vertical distance between the Hence, the height of the centre
aeroplane at that instant is 1690.599 m. α
= r sin β cosec
2
Section C
20. B
19. Let P be the eye of observer. Let PA and PB
are tangents to the round balloon. b
E

α β
A C a D

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
7
 Let the kite be at point A such that AC is the 21. A
string of kite.
Let BC be the ladder which slides down a 60°
E D (man)
distance b on the wall. 45°
Lighthouse
In right triangle ABC, we have 25 m
AB AE + EB 45°
sin α = = B C
BC BC Sea level
AE + b
sin α = Let AB represents the light house (A shows
BC its top), BC represents the sea level and D
But, AE = sin β × ED (In ∆AED) represents the position of the man,
By the below diagram,
So, replacing AE by ED sin β, we get
In triangle DCB,
ED sin β + b CD
sin α = tan 45° =
BC BC
25
1= ⇒ BC = 25 m
⇒ b = BC sin α – ED sin β BC
⇒ ED = 25 meters,
As, BC and ED both represent the same ladder.
Now, in triangle DAE,

BC = ED. (length of ladder does not change) AE

tan 60° =
ED
AE
⇒ BC sin α – BC sin β = b 3 =
25
⇒ BC (sin α – sin β) = b ...(i) ⇒ AE = 25 3
Hence, the height of lighthouse,
Similarly, in right triangle AED, we have
AB = AE + EB
AD AC + CD = 25 3 + 25
cos β = =
ED ED
= 25( 3 + 1) meters.
AC + a
cos β =
ED 22. Let the distance between the nearer kilometre
stone and the hill be 'a' km. So, the distance
But, AC = BC cos α (In ∆ABC)
between the farther kilometre stone and the
hill is '1 + x' km since both are on the same
So, by replacing AC by BC cos α, we get ED
side of the hill.
cos β = BC cos α + a BC (cos, –cos α) = a [∴
ED = BC] ...(ii) Dividing (ii) by (i), we get In triangle APB,
h
a cos β – cos α tan 45° =
= x
b sin α – sin β
h
a cos α – cos β ⇒1=
= x
b sin β – sin α
8 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒h=x ⇒ d + BP = 100 3
In triangle AQB, ⇒ d + BP = 100 3
h
tan 30° = ⇒ d = 100 3 – 100
1+x
1 h ⇒ d = 100( 3 –1) = 100(1.732 – 1) = 73.2 m.
⇒ =
3 1+x Hence, the distance travelled by the ship from
A to B is 73.2 m.
⇒1+x= 3h
From equation 1, 24. Q

1+h= 3h⇒1= 3h–h xm

1
⇒h= 45°
3 –1 Y R
⇒ h = 1.365km 40 m 40 m
Hence, option A is correct. 60°
X P
Section D In YRQ, we have
23. Let A and B be the two positions of the ship. QR
Let d be the distance travelled by the ship tan 45° =
YR
during the period of observation i.e. AB = d
x
metres. ⇒1=
YR
Let the observer be at O, the top of the
⇒ YR = x
lighthouse PO.
It is given that PO = 100 m and the angle of or XP = x [As YR = XP] ...(1)
depression from O of A and B are 30° and 45°
Now, In ∆XPQ, we have
respectively.
PQ
∴ ∠OAP = 30° and ∠OBP = 45° tan 60° =
PX
In ∆OPB, we have x + 40
⇒ 3 = [Using (1)]
OP x
tan 45° =
BP ⇒ 3 x = x + 40
100 ⇒ x ( 3 – 1) = 40
⇒1=
BP
40
⇒ BP = 100 m ⇒x=
3 –1
In ∆OPA, we have On rationalising the denominator, we get
OP 40( 3 + 1)
⇒ tan 30° = 40 3 +1
AP x= × =
3 –1 3 +1 3–1
100 1
⇒ =
3 d + BP = 20( 3 + 1) = 54.64 m
So, height of the tower,

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
9
 PQ = x + 40 = 54.64 + 40 = 94.64 metres 26. A
Now, In ∆XPQ, we have
H
PQ 30°
sin 60° = D O
PX 60°
60m
3 94.64
⇒ =
2 XQ C B
94.64 × 2 94.64 × 2 × 3
XQ = = = 109.3 m
3 3
25. C

h
A'
B
Let AO = H
α CD = OB = 60 m
β
O x A A'B = AB = 60 + H
Let AB be the tower and BC be the flagstaff. In ∆AOD,
Let OA = x metres, AB = y metres and BC = h
AO H
metres. tan 30° = =
OD OD
In right ∆OAB, OD
H=
AB 3
tan α =
OA
y OD = 3 H
⇒ y = x tan α or x = tan α ...(i)
Now, In ∆A'OD,
In right ∆OAC,
OA' OB + BA'
y+h tan 60° = =
OD OD
tan β = x
60 + 60 + H 120 + H
(y + h) 3 = =
⇒ x= ...(ii) 3H 3H
tan β
From (i) and (ii), ⇒ 120 + H = 3H
y (y + h) ⇒ 2H = 120
tan α =
tan β
⇒ H = 60m
y(tan β – tan α) = h tan α
Thus, height of the cloud from the surface of
h tan α the lake = AB + A'B = 60 + 60 = 120 m.
y=
(tan β – tan α)
h tan α 1
Thus, the height of the tower is AB
(tan β – tan α) 27. = tan 30° =
AD 3

10 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 h 1 1500 3
⇒ x+y = ⇒ AB =
3 3

⇒x+y= 3h ⇒ AB = 1500 3 m ...(i)

∴ x = (x + y – y) In right triangle ADE, we have

= 3h–h DE
tan 30° =
AD
= h( 3 – 1) 1 DE
⇒ =
Now, h( 3 – 1) is covered in 12 min. 3 AB + BD

So, h will be covered in → 1 1500 3

⇒ =
3 AB + BD
12
× h
h( 3 – 1) ⇒ AB + BD = 1500 3 × 3
⇒ AB + BD = 4500 ...(ii)
12
= min
( 3 – 1) Putting the value of (i) in (ii), we get
1500 + BD = 4500
1200
= min
73 ⇒ BD = 3000

= 16 min, 23 sec Distance travelled in 15 sec

28. Let A be the point of observation, C and E = CE = BD = 3000 metres,

be the two points of the plane. It is given that 3000
after 15 seconds angle of changes from 60° to Now, speed of plane (m/s) = 15 = 200 m/s
30°.
C E 200
Now, speed of plane (km/s) = 1000 × 3600

1500 3 = 720 km/hr

1500 3
60° WORKSHEET 2
30°

A B D Section A
1. Let AB be the height of the tower and C be
i.e. ∠BAC = 60° and ∠DAE = 30°. It is also
the point.
given that height of the jet plane is 1500 3 m.
In right ∆ABC,
i .e. CB = 1500 3
AB
[Since jet plane is flying at constant height, tan 30° =
BC
therefore, CB = ED = 1500 3 m]
AB = BC tan 30°
BC
tan 60° = 20
AB AB = = 11.56m
3
1500 3
⇒ 3 = Therefore, the height of the tower is 11.56m.
AB

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
11
 2. A 5. Distance from the foot of ladder to wall =
1.5cm
Angle made by ladder is 60°
10 m
Consider tan 60° =

B 45° C Height of wall

Distance from foot of ladder to wall
Let AB and AC denotes the vertical role and
wire respectively. Height of wall
3 =
1.5
In ∆ABC,
Height of wall = 1.5 3
AB
sin 45° =
AC 6. A
1 10
=
2 AC
∴ AC = 10 2 m
60°
3. BD = AB – AD B 1.5 m C
= 6 – 2. 54 Let AB denotes the wall and AC denotes the
ladder.
= 3. 46 m
In ∆CBD, In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 60° =
BD BC
sin 60° =
CD AB
3 =
3 3.46 1.5
=
2 CD ∴ AB = 1.5 3 m
3.46 × 2
∴ CD = 7. Here is the position of balloon
3
3.46 × 2 Now, in ∆ABC,
=
1.73 AB
sin 60° =
6.92 AC
= AB = AC sin 60°
1.732
3
=4m = 215 ×
2
= 186 m
4. Let AB = 10 = Height of Pole
⇒ Height of the balloon from the ground is
And AD be the length of the wire 186 m.
From ∆ABD, 8. A
AB 1 10
sin 45° = ⇒ = ⇒ AD = 10 2
AD 2 AD
⇒ 10 × 1.414 (Take 2 = 1.414)
B 60° C
= 14.14m 2m
12 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let AB be the wall and AC be the ladder. 3 AB = 100
We have, 100
AB =
m
3
BC = 2 m and ∠ACB = 60° 100
So, height of building = m
3
In ∆ABC,
BC 10. A
cos 60° =
AC
1 2 B
⇒ =
2 AC 10 m
AC = 4 m C 60° 30° D
Let BC and AB denotes the building and
Section B tower respectively.
9. D In ∆BCD
BC
tan 30° =
A CD
100 m 1 10
=
3 CD
∴ CD = 10 3 m
60° 30°
B C In ∆ACD,
AC
let AB and CD denotes building and tower tan 60° =
CD
respectively.
10 + AB
In ∆BCD, 3 =
10 3
CD 30 = AB + 10
tan 60° =
BC
AB = 30 – 10
100
3 =
BC = 20 m
100 So, height of tower = AB
BC =
3
= 20 m
100
= 3 m
3 11. A
In ∆CBA, 30° 45°
AB
tan 30° = 100 m
BC
AB 30° 45°
1
= B C D
3 100 3
Let AC denotes the tower and the two buses
3
be at points B and D respectively.
1 3 AB
= To find : BD
3 100 3

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13
 In ∆ABC, 13. C
AC
tan 30° =
BC
1 100
= 30°
3 BC A E
140 cm
∴ BC = 100 3
60 cm 60 cm
In ∆ACD,
B D
AC 140 cm
tan 45° =
CD Let AB be the height of second tower and CD
100 be the height of first tower.
1 =
CD
Given, BD = AE = 140 m
CD = 100 m
And AB = DE = 60 m
So, BD = BC + CD
In ∆AEC,
= 100 3 + 100
Perpendicular CE
tan 30°= =
= 100 ( 3 + 1) m Base AE
CE
12. In the first figure and from triangle BCD tan 30 ° =
140
BC 1 CE
sin 30° =
BD =
3 140
1 1.5
⇒ =
2 BD 140
CE =
⇒ BD = 1.5 × 2 3

⇒ BD = 3 140 × 3
CE =
So length of slide for child below 5 years = 3m ( 3 × 3)
[ Rationalising the denominator]
Again in the second figure and from triangle
BCD 140 3
BC CE =
sin 60° = 3
BD Height of the first tower CD = CE + DE
3 3
⇒ = 140 3
2 BD = + 60
3
(3 × 2)
⇒ BD = (140 × 1.73)
3 = + 60 [ 3 = 1.73]
3
( 3 × 3 × 2) 242.2
⇒ BD = =
3 3 + 60
⇒ BD = 2 3 = 80.73 + 60

So length of slide for child greater than 5 years = 140.73 m

=2 3 m Height of the first tower (CD)=140.73 m
14 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
14. AB is the tower and BC is the length of the E
shadow when the Sun's altitude is 60°, i.e.,
the angle of elevation of the top of the tower hm
from the tip of the shadow is 60° and DB is
the length of the shadow when the angle of A 30°
D
elevation is 30°.
A
1.7 m

hm C
B
20 3 m
30° 60° In ∆ADE,
D C B
40 m xm ED
tan 30° =
AD
Now, let AB be h m and BC be x m. According
to the question, DB is 40 m longer than BC. 1 h
⇒ =
3 20 3
So, BD = (40 + x) m
⇒ h = 20 m
Now, we have two triangles ABC and ABD.
∴ EC = ED + DC = (h + 1.7)m = 21.7 m
In ∆ABC,
h Hence, the height of the tower is 21.7 m.
AB
tan 60° = or 3 =
BC x
16. A
⇒x 3 =h ...(i)
In ∆ABD,
0m

AB
tan 30° =
10

BD 45°
1 h C G
i.e., = ...(ii)
3 x + 40 30° 20 m 20 m
Using (i) in (ii), we get (x 3 ) 3 = x + 40, B D E

i.e., 3x = x + 40 Distance between girl and bird is 30 2 m =

42.43 m.
i.e., x = 20
Given: Distance between boy and bird =100 m
So, h = 20 3 [From (i)]
Height of building = 20 m
Therefore, the height of the tower is 20 3 m.
Angle of elevation boy = 30°
Section C Angle of elevation girl = 45°
15. Let AB be the height of the observer and EC To find: Distance between girl and bird
be the height of the tower.
Given: In ∆ABC
AB = 1.7 m ⇒ CD = 1.7 m Using trigonometric ratio, we get
BC = 20 3 m AC
sin 30° =
Let ED be h m. AB

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
15
 1 AC AB
= tan θ =
2 100 BC
100 3 96
AC = =
2 4 BC
AC = 50 m 96 × 4
BC =
3
⇒ AC = FA + CF (from figure) BC = 32 × 4 = 128 m
50 = FA + 20 ( CF = ED = 20 m) Now, in ∆ABD,
AB
FA = 50 – 20 tan ϕ =
BD
FA = 30 m 1 96
=
3 BD
Now, In ∆AEF
96 × 3
Using trigonometric ratio, we get BD =
1
FA BD = 288 m
sin 45° =
AE So, the distance between two cars =
1 30
= CD = BD – BC
2 AE
= 288 m – 128 m = 160 m
AE = 30 2 = 42.43m
18. D
Therefore, distance between girl and bird is
30 2 = 42.43m
C
17. A

60°
45°
A B
120 m
Height of the flagstaff = CD
B C D
According to the figure,
We are given that from the top of tower 96
CB
m high, the angles of depression of two cars tan 45° =
120
on a road at the same level as the base of the
tower and on the same side of it are theta and CB
⇒1=
3 1 120
phi, where tan theta = and tan phi =
4 3 ∴ CB = 120 m
In the figure drawn above, let ∠ACB = tan θ = BD
3 1 tan 60° =
and ∠ADB = tan ϕ = and also the height 120
4 3 BD
of the tower = AB = 96 m. ⇒ 3 =
120
Perpendicular
Now, as we know that tan θ = ∴ BD = 120 × 1.73 = 207.6 m
Base
So, in ∆ABC, ∴ Height of the flagstaff = CD = 207.6 – 120
= 87.6 m

16 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
19. C From fig, PB = 4m, QB = 9m.
30°
Let angle of elevation from P be α and angle of
24 – h
elevation from Q be β.
A 30° Given that α and β are supplementary.Thus, α
15 m L 24 m
+ β = 90
h h In ∆ABP,
AB
D tan α = ...(i)
B 15 m BP
Let AB and CD be two poles, where CD = In ∆ABQ,
24 m. AB
tan β =
BQ
It is given that angle of depression of the top of
tan (90 – α) = AB/BQ (Since, α + β = 90)
the pole AB as seen from the top of the pole
CD is 30° and horizontal distance between AB
cot α =
the two poles is 15 m. BQ
∴ ∠CAL = 30° and BD = 15 m. AB
1/tan α =
BQ
To find: Height of pole AB
BQ
So, tan α = ...(ii)
Let the height of pole AB be h m. AB
AL = BD = 15 m and AB = LD = h From (i) and (ii)
Therefore, CL = CD – LD = 24 – h AB BQ
=
Consider right ∆ACL: BP AB
AB2 = BQ x BP
Perpendicular CL
tan ∠CAL = =
Base AL AB2 = 4 x 9
24 – h AB2 = 36
⇒ tan 30° =
15
15 Therefore, AB = 6.
⇒ 24 – h =
3 Hence, height of tower is 6m.
⇒ 24 – h = 5 3
Section D
⇒ h = 24 – 5 3
21. A
⇒ h = 24 – 5 × 1.732 [Taking 3 = 1.732]
⇒ h = 15.34
h
Therefore, height of the pole AB = h m =
15.34 m.
60° 45°
20. Given AB is the tower. B x C 20 m D
P and Q are the points at distance of 4m and
From the figure h = length of the tower
9m respectively.

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
17
 From the ∆ABC Height of ballon from the ground = 2 + 4 + 2
=8m
⇒ h = 1.732 x ------- (1)
From the ∆ABD 23. C

⇒ h = 20 + x ------ (2)
Equating equation (1) = equation (2)
E 60° A
1.732 x = x + 20 30°
⇒ 0.732 x = 20 15m
⇒ x = 27.32 m 30°
D B
Thus the height of the tower is given by
AB = ED = 15 m
h = 1.732 x
AE = BD
⇒ h = 1.732 × 27.32
In ∆ADB,
⇒ h = 47.32 m
15
tan 30° =
This is the value of height of the tower. DB
DB = 15 3 m
22. Ballon

x Or, AE = 15 3 m
30°
Window2 B In ∆ACE,
y
4 4 CE
60° tan 60° =
Window1 A AE
y
2 2
CE = 15 3 m = 45 m

x So, CD = CE + ED = 60 m
tan 30° =
y AB is the building.
y = x 3 ...(i) CD is the tower.
x+4
tan 60° = 24. E
y
x+4
y= ...(ii)
3
Equating (i) and (ii) A 60° D hm
30°
x+4
x 3 =
3 12 m
3x = 3 + 4
B C
x=2
Let AB be the deck of the ship. AB = 10 cm

18 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Suppose CE be the cliff. C and E are the top In ∆ADC,
and bottom of the cliff
CD
Let CE = h m tan 30° =
AD
Given, ∠EAD = 60° and ∠DAC = 30° 1 12m
∴ =
3 AD
CD = AB = 12 m
⇒ AD = 12 3 m
∴ DE = CE – CD = (h – 12)m
From (i) and (ii), we have
In ∆ADE,
(h – 12) 3
DE Perpendicular m = 12 3 m
tan 60° = tan θ = 3
AD Base
(h – 12)m ⇒ h = 36 + 12 = 48
∴ 3 =
AD Height of the cliff = 48 m
(h – 12) (h – 12) 3
⇒ AD = m= m ...(i) Distance of cliff from the ship = BC = AD =
3 3
12 3 m

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
19
 Chapter
Circles
10
4. A B (4, 0)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. C – r = 37
C = 37 – r
C = 2∏ r C (0, 3) C (4, 3)

2 × 22 Diagonal = BD = (4 – 0)3 + (0 – 3)3

37 + r =
7×r
= 16 + 9
44r
37 + r = = 25
7
44r 37r =5
37 = 7 – r =
7 Option (a)
37 × 7
r= 18
37 5. Radius = = 9 cm
2
r = 7 cm Perimeter = 2πr
2 × 22 = 2πr (9)
C= = 44 cm
7×7
= 18πr cm
Option (b) Option (c)

2. πr12 + πr22 = πr2

WORKSHEET 1
r12 + r22 = r2
52 + (12)2 = r2 Section A
θ
Option (b) 1. Arc length = 2πr
360°
θ
3. Distance covered in one revolution 3π = 2π × 6
360
= 2πr θπ
⇒ 3π =
22 35 30
=2× ×
7 2 3π × 30
⇒θ =
= 110 cm π
= 90°
Option (b)
2. Diameter = 14 cm

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
1
 14 = 3π10
⇒ radius =7 cm
2
= 30π cm2
Perimeter of semi – circle protractior
1 6. Distance covered in one revolution
= 2r + (2πr)
2 = 2πr
= 2r + πr
22
22 =2× π
= 2 (7) + ×7 7
7 Number of revolutions in covering a distance of x metres.
= 14 + 22 x
= 22
= 36 cm 2× ×r
7
3. A
7x
=
44r

7. Let the diameter and a side be x units.

r
x
units
So, radius of circle =
2
B r O r units C x ²
∴ Area of circle = π
1 2
Area of ∆BAC = × BC × AO
2 πx2
=
1 4
= × 2r × r
2 Area of equilateral triangle
= r2 sq.units 3
= (side)2
4
4. Perimeter of sector
3 2
θ = x
= 2r + 2πr 4
360°
Area of circle
πθ ∴ Area of equilateral triangle
= 2r 1 +
360°
πx2
22 60
= 2 (10.5) 1 + × 360 4
7 =
3 2
11 x
= 21 1 + 4
21
π
21 × 32 =
= 3
21
8. C
= 32 cm
A
5. r = 10 cm
a
θ = 108° 90°
θ B
area of sector = πr2 O a
360°
108
= 360 × π(100)

2 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Perimeter of segment ABC ∴ ∠PAB = ∠PBA
= BC + length of arc BAC (Angle opposite to equal sides are equal.)
In ∆BOC, In PAB,
BC2 = OC2 + OB2 ∠P + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180°
(By Pythagoras theorem) (Angle sum property)
BC2 = a2 + a2 60° + 2 ∠PAB = 180°
= 2a2 2 ∠PAB = 120°

∴ BC = 2 a ∠PAB = 60°

Also length of arc BAC ∴ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 60°

90 22 ∴ AB = PA = PB = 5 cm
= ×2× ×a
360 7
11. C
11a R
=
7
So, Perimeter of segment ABC D

11a Q
= 2a+
7
S
Section B
9. We know that AD = AF A
P
BD = BE B
CE = CF AP + PB + CR + RD = BQ + CQ + AS + DS
Let AD = AF = x As we know that the length of tangents drawn from an
BD = BE = y external point to a circle are equal,

CE = CF = z AP = AS (i)

Then x + y = 12 BP = BQ (ii)

y+z=8 CR = CQ (iii)

x + z = 10 DR = DS (iv)

On Solving above equation we get x = 7, y = 5, z = 3 On adding both sides of (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get

So AD = 7, BE = 5, CF = 3 AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS

10. BP = AP = 5 cm ∴ (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)

(The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to AB + CD = BC +AD

a circle are equal.)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
3
 12. T ∴ ∆OTP ≅ ∆OSP (SSS)

r ∴ ∠OPS = ∠OPT
Q
O P 1
r 2r = ∠TPS (CPCT)
2
1
S = (120°)
2
∠TOP = θ = 60°

As we know that radius is perpendicular to the tangent In ∆OSP,

at the point of contact. OS ⊥ PS
∠OTP = 90° (Radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the
So, in ∆OTP point of contact.)

r PS
OT 1 cos (∠OPS) =
cos θ = = = OP
OP 2r 2
PS
1 ⇒ cos 60° =
∴ cos = = cos 60° OP
2 1 PS
⇒ =
⇒θ = 60° 2 OP
⇒ OP = 2 PS
∴ ∠TOS = 60° + 60° = 120°
14. In ∆OAP,
As OT = OS
OA = 6 cm
⇒ ∠OTS = ∠OST
AP = 8 cm
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
∴ OP2 = OA2 + AP2
In ∠OTS,
(By Pythagoras theorem)
∠TOS + ∠OTS + ∠OST = 180°
= 62 + 82
120° + 2 ∠OTS = 180°
= 36 + 64
2 ∠OTS = 60°
= 100
∠OTS = 30°
⇒ OP = 10 cm
∴ ∠OTS = ∠OST = 30°
Now, In ∆OBP,
13. In ∆OTP and ∆OSP
OP2 = OB2 + BP2
OT = OS (Radii of same circle)
102 = 42 + BP2
OP = PO (Common)
(By Pythagoras theorem)
PT = PS
100 = 16 + BP2
(The lengths of tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle are equal.) BP2 = 100 – 16

4 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = 84 17. D R C
∴ BP = 2 21 cm 2
O3
15. ∠OAC = 90° (as radius ⊥ tangent) 1 4 Q
S 8 5
∠BOC = ∠OAC + ∠ACO 7 6
(Exterior angle property)
A P B
130° = 90° + ∠ACO
Const: Join OP, OQ, OR and OS.
∠ACO = 130° – 90° = 40°
Proof: Since, the two tangents drawn from an external
point to a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.
Section C ∴ ∠1 = ∠2, ∠3 = ∠4, ∠5 = ∠6, ∠7 = ∠8
16. D R C
Since sum of all the angles subtended at a point is 360°.
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6 + ∠7 + ∠8
S O Q = 360°
⇒ 2 ∠2 + 2 ∠3 + 2 ∠6 + 2 ∠7 = 360°

A P B ⇒ 2 (∠2 +∠3 + ∠6 + ∠7) = 360°

A rhombus is a parallelogram with all equal ⇒ ∠2 +∠3 + ∠6 + ∠7 = 180°

sides. ⇒ (∠6 +∠7) + (∠2 + ∠3) = 180°
In 11 gm ABCD ⇒ ∠AOB + ∠COD = 180°
AB = CO and AD = BC Similarly, we can prove ∠AOD + ∠BOC = 180°
Hence AP = AS; BP = BQ; CR = CQ; DR = DS
18. P
Adding we get AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ
z
+ CQ + DS z
(AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ) N

AB + CD = AD + BC L
y
AB + AB = AD + AD x
Q x M y R
2 AB = 2 AD
So AB = AD and AB = CD and AD = BC QL = QM

So AB = CD = AD = CD RM = RN

So ABCD is 11 gm with equal sides. PL = PN

∴ ABCD is a rhombus. We know that the tangents drawn to a circle

from an external point are equal in length.
∴ Proved.
Let QL = QM =x

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
5
 Let RM = RN =y ∆OYA≈∆OCA
Let PL = PN =z ⇒ ∠OY'A = ∠OCA [CPCT]---------------(1)
Consider PQ + QR + PR = 60 || ly ∆OY'B ≈ ∆OCB
⇒ x + z + x + y + z + y = 60 ⇒ ∠Y'BO = ∠CBO [CPCT]---------------(2)
⇒ 2x + 2y + 2z = 60 ∠YAB + ∠Y'BA = 180°[co-interior angles]
⇒ x + y + z = 30 2∠OAB + 2∠OBA = 180° ---[from (1) and (2)]
PQ = 20 2(∠OAB + ∠OBA) = 180°
x + z = 20 ∠OAB + ∠OBA = 90°---------------------(3)
∴ RN = 10 cm In ∆AOB
Also, QR = 16 ∠OAB + ∠OBA + ∠AOB = 180°
[Angle sum property of a triangle]
x + y = 16
90° + ∠AOB = 180°
∴ z = 30 – (x + y)
∠AOB = 180° – 90°
= 30 – 16
∠AOB = 90°
= 14 cm
∴ Hence Proved
∴ PL = 14 cm
Again, PR = 24 20. GIVEN: a circle with centre o to which XY and
XY' are tangents
y + z = 24
TP – ∠AOB = 90°
∴ x = 30 – (y + z)
CONST.: join OY, OY' and OC
= 30 – 24
PROOF: In ∆OYA and ∆OCA
=6
OY = OC [radii]
∴ QM = 6 cm
OA=OA [common]
19. Given: a circle with centre o to which XY and AY = AC [tangents]
XY' are tangents.
⇒ By SSS
TP – ∠AOB = 90°
∆OYA ≈ ∆OCA
Const: Join OY, OY' and OC
⇒ ∠OY'A = ∠OCA [CPCT]---------------(1)
Proof: In ∆OYA and ∆OCA
|| ly ∆OY'B ≈ ∆OCB
OY = OC [radii]
⇒ ∠Y'BO = ∠CBO [CPCT]-----------------(2)
OA=OA [common]
∠YAB + ∠Y'BA = 180°[co-interior angles]
AY = AC [tangents]
2∠OAB + 2∠OBA=180°-------[from (1) and
⇒ By SSS (2)]

6 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2(∠OAB + ∠OBA)=180° Since, the perpendicular from the centre of a
circle to a chord bisects the chord.
∠OAB + ∠OBA=90°---------------------(3)
Therefore,
In ∆AOB
PL = LQ = 4 cm
∠OAB + ∠OBA + ∠AOB = 180°
[Angle sum property of a triangle] ∴ PQ = 2 PL = 2 × 4 = 8 cm

90° + ∠AOB = 180° Hence, the required length = 8 cm.

∠AOB = 180° – 90° 22. P A Q

∠AOB = 90°
∴ Hence Proved
O
21.

O
5c
m R B S
3cm
Let AB be the diameter of a circle, with centre
P L Q O. The tangents PQ and RS are drawn at point
A and B, respectively.
Let O be the common centre of the two
concentric circle. We know that a tangent at any point of a circle
is perpendicular to the radius through the
Let PQ be a chord of the larger circle which
point of contact.
touches the smaller circle at L.
Join OL and OP. ∴ OA ⊥ PQ and OB ⊥ RS
Since, the tangent at any point of a circle is ⇒ ∠OBR = 90°
perpendicular to the radius through the point
jof contact. ∠OBS = 90°
Therefore, ∠OAP = 90°
∠OLP = 90° ∠OAQ = 90°
Now, We can observe the following:
In ∆OLP, we have ∠OBR = ∠OAQ and ∠OBS = ∠OAP
OP2 = OL2 + PL2 Also, these are the pair of alternate interior
angles.
[Using Pythagoras theorem]
Since alternate angles are equal, the lines PQ
⇒ (5)2 = (3)2 + PL2 and RS are parallel to each other.
⇒ 25 = 9 + PL2 Hence, proved.
⇒ PL = 16
2

Section D
⇒ PL = 4 cm
23. Clearly ∠OPT = 90°

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
7
 Applying Pythagoras in ∆OTP, we have 25.
⇒ OT2 = OP2 + PT2 O
⇒ 132 = 52 + PT2
C
⇒ PT2 = 169 – 25 = 144 l
A B
⇒ PT = 12 cm Given: A circlr C (0, r) and a tangent l at point
A.
Since, lengths of tangents drawn from a point to a circle
are equal. Therefore, To prove: OA ⊥ l
AP = AE = x(say) Construction: Take a point B, other than A. On
the tangent l. Join OB. Suppose OB meets the
⇒ AT = PT – AP = (12 – x) cm
circle in C.
Since AB is the tangent to the circle E. Therefore, OE ⊥
Proof: We know that, among all line segment
AB.
joining the point O to a point on l, the
⇒ ∠OEA = 90° perpendicular is shortest to l.

⇒ ∠AET = 90° OA = OC (Radius of the same circle)

⇒ AT2 = AE2 + ET2 [ Now, OB = OC + BC

[Applying Pythagoras Theorem in ∆AET] ∴ OB > OC

⇒ (12 – x)2 = x2 + (13 – 5)2 ⇒ OB > OA

⇒ 144 – 24x + x2 = x2 + 64 ⇒ OA > OB

⇒ 24x = 80 B is an arbitrary point on the tangent l. Thus,

OA is shorter than any other line segment
10
⇒x= cm joining O to any point on l.
3
10 Here, OA ⊥ l
Similarly, BE =cm
3
10 10 20 26. We know that ∠ADO = 90° (Since O'D is
∴ AB = AE + BE = + cm = cm perpendicular to AC)
3 3 3
∠ACO = 90° (OC (radius) perpendicular to
24. (i) PA . PB = (PN – AN) (PN + BN)
AC (tangent))
= (PN – AN) (PN + AN) (As AN = BN)
In triangles ADO' and ACO,
= PN2 – AN2
∠ADO = ∠ACO (each 90°)
(ii) PN – AN = (OP – ON ) – AN
2 2 2 2 2
∠DAO = ∠CAO (common)
(As ON ⊥ PN)
by AA criterion, triangles ADO' and ACO are
= OP2 – (ON2 + AN2)
similar to each other.
= OP2 – OA2 (As ON ⊥ AN) AO' DO'
=
= OP2 – OT2 (As OA = OT) AO CO
(corresponding sides of similar triangles)

8 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 AO = AO' + O'X + OX external point to a circle are equal in length]
= 3AO' (since AO' = O'X = OX because radii ∴∠PRQ = ∠PQR [Angles opposite to equal
of the two circles are equal) sides are equal in a ∆]
AO' AO' 1 In ∆PQR
= =
AO 3AO 3
DO' AO' 1 ∠RQP + ∠QRP + ∠RPQ = 180°
= = [Angle sum property of a ∆]
CO AO 3
DO' 1 2∠RQP + 30° = 180°
=
CO 3
2∠RQP = 150°
27. A
∠RQP = 75°

N So ∠RQP = ∠QRP = 75°

O P
∠RQP = ∠RSQ = 75°
[By Alternate Segment Theorem]
B
OA = 10 cm Given, RS || PQ
ON ⊥ AB ∴∠RQP = ∠SRQ = 75° [Alternate angles]
16 ∠RSQ = ∠SRQ = 75°
AN = NB = = 8 cm
2
Pythagoras Theorem ∴ QRS is also an isosceles triangle.
[Since sides opposite to equal angles of a
In ∆ONA, triangle are equal.]
ON2 + NA2 = OA2 ∠RSQ + ∠SRQ + ∠RQS = 180°
ON2 = OA2 – NA2 [Angle sum property of a triangle]
ON2 = 102 – 82 75° + 75° + ∠RQS = 180°
ON2 = 36 cm 150° + ∠RQS = 180°
ON = 6 cm ∴∠RQS = 30°
AN 8 4
tan∠AON = = = 29. Given: ABCD is a quadrilateral such that ∠D =
ON 6 3
90°.
∆OAP
PA BC = 38 cm, CD = 25 cm and BP = 27 cm
tan∠AON =
OA BP = BQ = 27 cm
4 PA
= [Tangents from an external point]
3 10
40
⇒ PA = cm BC = 38
3
⇒ BQ + QC = 38
28. Given ∠RPQ = 30° and PR and PQ are
tangents drawn from P to the same circle. ⇒ 27 + QC = 38
Hence PR = PQ [Since tangents drawn from an ⇒ QC = 38 – 27

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
9
 ⇒ QC = 11 cm OQ² = 169 – 144
∴QC = 11 cm = CR = 25
[Tangents from an external point] ∴ OQ = 5 cm
CD = 25 cm So, radius of circle = 5 cm
CR + RD = 25
2.
⇒ 11 + RD = 25 P
m
24 c
⇒ RD = 25 – 11 Q
25 cm O
⇒ RD = 14cm
Also,
As we know that tangent to a circle is
RD = DS = 14cm perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact.
∴OR and OS are radii of the circle.
∴ OP ⊥ PQ
From tangents R and S, ∠ORD = ∠OSD = 90°
i.e. ∠OPQ = 90°
Now, ORDS is a square.
In ∆OPQ,
∴OR = DS = 14 cm
OQ² = OP² + PQ²
Thus, radius , r = 14 cm
25² = OP² + 24²
WORKSHEET 2 625 = OP² + 576
OP² = 625 – 576
Section A
= 49
1.
Q
m ∴ OP = 7 cm
12 c
P O 3. A
13 cm
m
10 c
As we know that tangent to a circle is Q 60°
perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact.
B
∴ OQ ⊥ PQ
PB = PB
∴ ∠OQP = 90°
= 10 cm
So, In ∆OQP,
(Length of tangents drawn from an external
OP² = OQ² + PQ²
point to a circle are equal.)
13² = OQ² + 12²
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA
169 = OQ² + 144
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal)

10 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 In ∆PBA, In ∆POA and ∆POB,
∠P + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180° PA = PB
(Angle sum property) (Length of tangents drawn from an external
point to a circle are equal.)
60° + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180°
OP = PO (Common)
∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180° – 60°
OA = OB (Radii of same circle)
= 120°
∴ ∆POA ≅ ∆POB
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 60°
(SSS congruence creteria)
So, ∠PAB = ∠PBA = ∠P = 60°
∴ ∠APO = ∠BPO (CPCT)
⇒ ∆APB is equilateral
1
⇒ AB = AP = 10 cm = ∠APB
2
(Sides of equilateral triangle are equal.) 1
= (80°)
2
4. P = 40°
5 cm Also, OA ⊥ AP
Q
13 cm O i.e. ∠OAP = °90
(As tangent is perpendicular to radius
As we know that tangent to a circle is through point of contact.)
perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact. In ∆OAP,

∴ OP ⊥ PQ ∠OAP + ∠APO + ∠AOP = 180°

i.e. ∠OPQ = 90° (Angle sum property)

So, In ∆OPQ, ∴ 90° + 40° + ∠AOP = 180°

OQ² = OP² + PQ² ⇒ 130° + ∠AOP = 180°

13² = 5² + PQ² ⇒ ∠AOP = 180° – 130° = 50°

169 = 25 + PQ² 6.
C A
∴ PQ² = 169 – 25
P Q
= 144
D B
⇒ PQ = 12 cm
5. PA = PB
A
(Tangents from external point P)
80° O
P ⇒ PC + CA = 10
⇒ PC + CQ = 10
B
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
11
 [ CA = CQ (Tangents from external point 2rθ
C)] ⇒ =5
360
⇒ PC + 2 = 10 θ 5
⇒ = ②
360 2r
⇒ PC = 8 cm
From ①, ②
7. θ 20 5
= 2 =
360 r 2r
h ⇒ 40r = 5r²
r
⇒ 5r (r – 8) =0
⇒ r =8
So, radius of circle = 8 cm
Radius of inner circle =r
Area of inner circle = πr² 9. A circle can have infinitely many tangents

Radius of outer circle =r+h 10. Remark: If AB and CD are two common
tangents to the two circles of unequal radii
Area of outer circle = π (r + h)²
then they will always intersect each other.
So, area of circular path
Given: Two circles with centre's O1 and O2.
= area of outer circle AB and CD are common tangents to the
circles which intersect in P.
– area of inner circle
To prove: AB = CD
= π (r + h)² – πr²
Proof:
= π (r² + h² +2rh – r²)
AP = PC ...(i) ( Length of tangents drawn from
= π (h² + 2rh) an external point to the circle
= πh (h + 2r) are equal)

= πh (2r + h) PB = PD ...(ii)( Length of tangents drawn from

an external point to the circle
θ are equal)
8. Area of sector = πr²
360
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
θ
∴ 20π = πr² AP + PB = PC + PD
360
θ ⇒ AB = CD
⇒ 20 = πr²
360
θ 20 Section B
⇒ = ①
360 r2 1 1
11. ∠ABQ = ∠AOQ = (58°) = 29°
Also, arc length = 5π 2 2
( Angle subtended by an arc at the centre
θ is double the angle subtended by it on the
⇒ 2πr = 5π remaining part of the circle.)
360

12 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 12. 13. A
P

P 50° O
O R
B
Q
Join OP and OQ ⇒ PA = PB

PR and RQ are tangents to circle at points P (Length of tangents drawn from an external
and Q respectively. point to a circle are equal.)

⇒ OP ⊥ PR and OQ ⊥ QR ⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA (i)

(As tangent is perpendicular to radius through (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
point of contact.) In ∆APB,
In ∆OPR and ∆OQR ∠P + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180°
OP = OQ (Angle sum property)
(Radii of same circle) 50° + ∠PAB + ∠PAB = 180° (From (i))
OR = OR (Common) 2 ∠PAB = 130°
∠OPR = ∠OQR = 90° (Proved above) ∴ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 65°
∴ ∆OPR ≅ ∆OQR OA ⊥ AP
(RHS congruence criteria) (As tangent is perpendicular to radius
1 through point of contact.)
⇒ ∠ORP = ∠ORQ = ∠PRQ
2
1 ⇒ ∠OAP = 90°
= (120°)
2 ⇒ ∠OAB + ∠PAB = 90°
= 60°
⇒ ∠OAB + 65° = 90°
In ∆PRO,
⇒ ∠OAB = 90° – 65°
PR
cos 60° = = 25°
OR
1 PR
=
2 OR 14. P
A
1
⇒ PR = OR (i)
2 R X
In ∆QRO
1 B
RQ = OR (ii) Q
2
On adding (i) and (ii), we get As we know that lengths of tangents drawn
from an exterior point to a circle are equal.
1 1
PR + RQ = OR + OR ∴ XP = XQ, AP = AR and BQ = BR
2 2
= RO ⇒ XP + AP = XB + BQ
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13
 ⇒ XP + AR = XB + BR 9 = 3x

15. As we know that lengths of tangents draw ∴ =3

from an exterior point to a circle are equal.
So, AB = x + 6 = 3 + 6 = 9 cm
CE = CD = 9 cm
AC = x + 9 = 3 + 9 = 12 cm
BF = BD = 6 cm
AE = AF = x cm 16. T

Also, OE ⊥ AC, OD ⊥ BC and OF ⊥ AB

R O 70° P
(As tangent is perpendicular to radius
through point of contact.)
Q
1
Area of ∆BOC = × BC × OD As we know that tangent is perpendicular
2 to the radius through the point of contact.
1
= × (9 + 6) × 3 ∴ OT ⊥ PT and OQ ⊥ PQ
2
1 i.e. ∠OTP = ∠OQP = 90°
= × 15 × 3
2
45 In quadrilateral TOQP
= cm²
2 ∠TOQ + ∠OQP + ∠QPT + ∠PTO =
1 360°
Area of ∆AOC = × AC × OE
2
(Angle sum property of quadrilateral.)
1
= × (9 + x) × 3
2 ⇒ ∠TOQ + 90° + 70° + 90° = 360°
3
= (9 + x) cm² ⇒ ∠TOQ + 250° = 360°
2
1 ⇒ ∠TOQ = 360° – 250°
Area of ∆AOB = × AB × OF
2 = 110°
1
= × (x + 6) × 3 1
2 ∠TRQ = ∠TOQ
2
3
= (x + 6) cm² (Angle subtended an arc at the centre is
2
double the angle subtended by it on the
Area of ∆ABC = area of ∆BOC remaining part of the circle.)
1
+ area of ∆AOC = (110)
2
+ area of ∆AOB = 55°

45 1 3
54 = + (9 + x) × (x + 6) 17.
2 2 2 P
45 27 18 3 3
54 = + + + x+ x
2 2 2 2 2 O T
54 = 45 + 3x
Q
14 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Join OT Also, DE and BE are tangents to the circle
with centre O²
OP ⊥ PT
∴ BE = DE (ii)
(As tangent is perpendicular to the radius
through point of contact) ( Lengths of tangents drawn from an
exterior point to a circle are equal.)
i.e. ∠OPT = 90°
On adding (i) and (ii), we get
In ∠OPT,
AE + BE = CE + DE
OT² = OP² + PT²
∴ AB = CD
= 5² + 8²
= 25 + 64 20. A

= 89
∴ OT = 89 cm F E

18. T
10 cm B D C
P
26 cm O
AF = AE (i)

OT ⊥ PT i.e. ∠OTP = 90° (Lenghts of tangents drawn from an

exterior point to a circle are equal.)
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
point of contact.) ALso, AB = AC (ii)
(Given)
In ∆OTP,
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
OP² = OT² + PT²
AB – AF = AC – AE
(By Pythagoras theorem)
BF = CE (iii)
26² = OT² + 10²
But BF = BD and CE = CD
676 = OT² + 100
(Lengths of tangents drawn from an
OT² = 576 exterior point to a circle are equal.)
OT = 24 cm ∴ BD = CD
∴ Radius of the circle = 24 cm
Section C
19. AE and CE are tangents to the circle with
21. B
center O,
∴ AE = CE (i)
A O
( Lengths of tangents drawn from an
exterior point to a circle are equal.) C

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
15
 AB and AC are tangents to a circle. 1
∴ AQ = (Perimeter of ∆ABC)
2
OB ⊥ AB and OC ⊥ AC
(Tangent is perpendicular to the radius 23. Consider ∆OAP and ∆OBP,
through the point of contact.)
AP = BP
i.e. ∠OBA = ∠OCA = 90° (i)
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior
In quadrilateral ABOC, point to a circle are equal.)

∠A + ∠B + ∠O+ ∠C = 360° OP = OP (Common)

(Angle sum property of quadrilateral) AO = BO (Radii of same circle)

⇒ ∠A + ∠O + ∠B + ∠C = 360° ∴ ∆OAP ≅ ∆OBP (SSS congruence creteria)

⇒ ∠A + ∠O + 90° + 90° = 360° ⇒ ∠APO ∠BPO (CPCT)

From (i) Now, Consider ∆ACP and ∆BCP,

⇒ ∠A + ∠O + 180 = 360° AP = BP

⇒ ∠A + ∠O = 360° – 180° PC = CP (Common)

= 180° ∠APC = ∠BPC (Proved above)

∴ ∆APC ≅ ∆BCP (SSS congruence creteria)
22. BP and BQ are tangents to the circle
⇒ AC = BC and ∠ACP = ∠BCP = 90°
∴ BP = BQ (i) (CPCT)
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior So, OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB
point to a circle are equal.)
Also, CP = CR (ii) 24. E S D
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior T R
point to a circle are equal.)
Consider F C
O
Perimeter of ∆ABC = AB + BC + AC U Q
= AB + (BP + CP) + AC A P B
= AB + (BQ + CR) + AC As we know that lengths of tangents drawn
from an external point to a circle are equal
From (i) and (ii),
∴ AP = AU
= AQ + AR
BP = BQ
= AQ + AQ
CQ = CR
= 2AQ
DS = DR
AQ = AR as lengths of tangents drawn from
an exterior point to a circle are equal. ES = ET

16 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 FU = FT ⇒ ∠APO ≅ ∠BPO (CPCT)
Consider ⇒ OP is the bisector of ∠APB
AB + CD + EF ∴ O lies on the bisector of the angle
between l and m.
= (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) + (ET + TF)
= (AU + BQ) + (CQ + DS) + (ES + UF) 27.
= (BQ + QC) + (DS + ES) + (AU +FU) O
= BC + DE + AF
A B
C
25. PR and CR are tangents to circle with centre We know that the radius and tangent are
A perpendicular at their point of contact.
∴ PR = CR (i) ∴ ∠OCA = ∠OCB = 90°
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior
point to a circle are equal.) Now, In ∆OCA and ∆OCB

QR and CR are tangent to circle with center ∠OCA = ∠OCB = 90°

B
OA = OB (Radii of the larger circle)
∴ QR = CR (ii)
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior OC = OC (Common)
point to a circle are equal.)
By RHS congruency
From (i) and (ii), we get
∆OCA ≅ ∆OCB
PR = QR
∴ CA = CB
∴ RC bisects PQ
26. l 28. A
m
B

O1 O F
P
A D

In ∆OPA and ∆OBP,

B E C
OA = OB (Radii of circle)
In ∆ABC, right angles at B
PA = PB
AC² = AB² + BC²
(Lengths of tangents from an external point
= 24² + 10²
to a circle are equal.)
= 576 + 100
OP = PO (Common)
= 676
∴ ∆AOP ≅ ∆OBP (SSS congruence criteria)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
17
 ∴ AC = 26 cm i.e. ∠OAP = 90°
1 (Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
Area of ∆ABC = × BC × AB
2 point of contact.)
1
= × 10 × 24 In ∆OAP,
2
= 120 cm² OA r
sin θ = =
OP 2r
Also, OF ⊥ AC, OE ⊥ BC and OD ⊥ AB 1
=
( Tangent is perpendicular to the radius 2
through point of contact.) (OP = Diameter = 2r)
1 ∴ θ = 30°
Area of ∆BOC = × BC × OE
2
⇒ ∠OPA = 30°
1
= × 10 × r
2 Similarly, ∠OPB = 30°
= 5r ∴ ∠APB = 30° + 30°
1 = 60°
a rea of ∆AOC = × 26 × r
2
Also, AP = BP
= 13r
(Lengths of tangent drawn from an external
1 point to a circle are equal.)
area of ∆AOB = × AB × OD
2
So, In ∆APB,
1
= × 24 × r
2 ∠PAB = ∠PBA (i)
= 12r (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
Area of ∆ABC = area of ∆BOC In ∆APB,
+ area of ∆AOC ⇒ ∠PAB + ∠PBA + ∠APB = 180°
+ area of ∆AOB (Angle sum property)
∴ 120 = 5r + 13r + 12 r ⇒ ∠PAB + ∠PAB + 60° = 180°
120 = 30r ⇒ 2 ∠PAB = 180° – 60°
4 =r = 120°
120°
⇒ ∠PAB =
2
29. A
= 60°
r
O θ P So, ∠PAB = ∠PBA = ∠APB= 60°
Q
B ⇒ ∆APB is equilateral.

AP is tangent to the circle 30. As we know that lengths of tangents drawn

∴ OA ⊥ AP from an external point to a circle are equal,

18 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ∴ PD = PF, RF = RE, QD = QE ⇒ 2r y + y z + = x z
Consider 2ry
⇒ Z = (i)
x–y
Perimeter of ∆PQR Now, In ∆MKB and ∆MPO,
= PQ +QR + PR ∠M = ∠M (Common)
= (PD + DQ) + (QE + ER) + (PF + FR) ∠MKB = ∠MPO = 90°
= (PD + PF) + (RF + RE) + (QD + QE) ∴ ∆MKB and ∆MPO, (AA similarity creteria.)
= (PF +PF) + (RE + RE) + (QD + QD) MK BK MB
⇒ = =
MP OA MO
= 2 PF + 2 RE + 2 QD
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
= 2 (PF + ER + QD) proportional.)
BK BM
Section D ⇒ =
PO OM
H y z
31. ⇒ =
P r r+z
K
r
r r ⇒ yr + yz = rz
A O B M
ry
⇒ z = (ii)
r–y
PM is to circle From (i) and (ii), we get
∴ ∠MPO = 90° 2ry ry
z = =
x–y r–y
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
point of contact) 2ry ry
⇒ =
x–y r–y
Let AH = x, BK = y, BM = z 2y y
⇒ =
Let r be the radius of circle x–y r–y
2 1
In ∆MKB and ∆MHA ⇒ =
x–y r–y
∠M = ∠M (Common) ⇒ 2r – 2y = x+y
∠MKB = ∠MHA = 90° ⇒ x+y = 2r
∴ ∆MKB ≅ ∆MHA ⇒ AH + BK = AB ( AB = 2r)
(AA similarity creteria.)
MK KB MB 32. Consider ∆OEA and ∆OEP
⇒ = = =
MH HA MA OA = OP (Radii of same circle)
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
propertional) OE = OE (Common)
BK MB AE = PE (OE bisects AP)
⇒ =
AH MA
x z ∴ ∆OEA ≅ ∆OEP
⇒ =
y 2r + z (SSS congruence creteria)
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
19
 ⇒ ∠OEA = ∠OEP (CPCT) 34.
∴ ∠OEA = ∆OEP = 90° (i) Q
P
(∠OEA and ∠OEP are linear pair) O
Also, AB ⊥ BC as BC is a tangent to the circle R
(Tangent is perpendiculer to the radius OQ : PQ = 3 : 4
through the point of contact.)
Let OQ = 3k, PQ = 4k
⇒ ∠ABC = 90° (ii)
PQ is tangent to the circle
Now, In ∆AEO and ∆ABC
∴ OQ ⊥ PQ
∠EAO = ∠BAC (Common)
i.e. ∠OQP = 90°
∠AEO = ∠ABC
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
= 90° (From (i) and (ii) ) point of contact.)
⇒ ∆AEO ~ ∆ABC In ∆OQP,
(By SS Similarity creteria) OP² = OQ² + PQ²
(Pythagoras theorem)
33. Given: d1, d2 (d2 > d1) be the diameters of
two concentric circles and C be the length = (3k)² + (4k)²
of a chord of a circle which is tangent to
the circle. = 9k² + 16k²

To prove: d2 = d12 + c2 = 25k²

Now, ∴ OP = 5k
d2 d1 Also, Perimeter of ∆POQ = 60 cm
OQ = , OR = and PQ = c
2 2 ⇒ PO + OQ + PQ = 60
Since PQ istangent to the circle therefore
OR is perpendicular to PQ ⇒ 5k + 3k + 4k = 60
PQ
c ⇒ 12k = 60
⇒ QR = =
2 2 60
⇒ k =
Using pythagorus theorm in triangle OQR 12
=5
OQ2 = OR2 + QR2
2 2 2 So, PQ = 4k = 4 × 5 = 20 cm
d2 d1 c
⇒ += QR = 20 Q = 2 (3k) = 6k
2 2 2
1 1 = 6 × 5= 30 cm
⇒ (d2)2 = (d1)2 + (c)2
4 4
OP = 5k = 5 × 5 = 25 cm
⇒ d22 = d12 + c2
Hence Proved.

20 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 35. ⇒ BD² = 105

A ⇒ BD = 105 cm
O ⇒ DE = 105 cm
( BD = DE)
B D E
In ∆AED, ∠AED = 90°
BE is tangent to circle ∴ AD² = AE² + DE²
∴ OD ⊥ BE = (16)² + ( 105 )²
i.e. ∠ODB = 90° = 256 + 105
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through = 361
point of contact)
∴ AD = 19 cm
⇒ BD = DE
(As perpendicular from centre to the chord 36. BD is tangent to the circle
bisects the chord)
∴ OC ⊥ BD
⇒ D is a midpoint of BE
i.e. ∠OCD = 90°
Also, O being the centre is a midpoint of AB
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
So, By midpoint theorem, point of contact.)
1
OD || AE and OD = AE ⇒ ∠OCA + ∠ACD = 90° (i)
2
∴ AE = 20 D Now, OA = OC
= 2 (8) (Being radii of same circle.)
= 16 cm ∴ In ∆AOC,
In ∆ODB, ∠ODB = 90° ∠OCA = ∠OAC
∴ OB² = OD² + BD² (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
(By Pythagoras theorem) ⇒ ∠OCA = ∠BAC (ii)
⇒ 13² = 8² + BD² From (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ 169 = 64 + BD² ∠BAC + ∠ACD = 90°
⇒ BD² = 169 – 64

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
21