' ‘y= (0.79)(62.4)=49.31b/f? y= (0.79)(9.79) = 7.73 kN/m’ p= (0.79)(1.94) = 1.53 slugs/ft” p= (0.79)(1000) = 790 kg/m? 142 OF SOT weiehts about 2.08 b. Compute its mass in slugs and in kilograms. aT F=W=ma — 2.08=(m)(32.2) m= 0.0646 slug m= (0.0646)(14.59) = 0.943 kg One cubie foot of glycerin has a mass of 2.44 slugs. Find its specific weight in both pounds per cubic foot and kilonewtons per cubic meter. HF =W =ma =(2.44)(32.2) = 78.6 Ib. Since the glycerin’s volume is 1 ft’, y = 78.6 lb/ft? = (78.6)(4.448)/(0.3048)" = 12 350 N/m’, or 12.35 kN/m?. 2 0 CHAPTER 1 18 19 1.10 1 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 A quart of SAE 30 oil at 68 °F weighs about 1.85 Ib. Calculate the oil’s specific weight, mass density, and specific gravity. ' V = 1/((4)(7.48)] = 0.03342 60° y= W/V =1,85/0,03342 = 55.416/f° p= lg =55.4/32.2 = 1.72 slugs/ft° S.8- = Yoal Ynz0 w arc = 55.4/62.4 = 0.888 ‘The volume of a rock is found to be 0.00015 m°. Ifthe rock’s specific gravity is 2.60, what is its weight? ! Yeas, = (2.60)(9.79) = 25.5KN/m? Wray = (25.5)(0.00015)= 0.00382 KN or 3.82N A certain gasoline weighs 46.5 Ib/ft°. What are its mass density, specific volume, and specific gravity? ! p= vig =46.5/32.2= 1.44 slugs/f? ——_-V, = 1/p = 1/1.44 = 0.694 ft'/slug S.g.= 1.44/1.94 = 0.742 If the specific weight of a substance is 8.2 kN/m’, what is its mass density? ri] p= y/g = 8200/9.81 = 836 kg/m’ ‘An object at a certain location has a mass of 2.0 kg and weighs 19.0 N on a spring balance. What is the acceleration due to gravity at this location? i F=W=ma 19.0=2.0a a=9.50m/s* If an object has a mass of 2.0 slugs at sea level, what would its mass be at a location where the acceleration due to gravity is 30.00 ft/s?” I Since the mass of an object does not change, its mass will be 2.0 slugs at that location. What would be the weight of a 3-kg mass on « planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 10.00 m/s*? ! F=W = ma = (3)(10.00) = 30.00N Determine the weight of a 5-slug boulder at a place where the acceleration due to gravity is 31.7 ft/s". ' F = W=ma = (5)(31.7) = 1581b 1f 200 fof oil weighs 10520 Ib, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. ' y= W/V = 10520/200=52.6 lb/ft? p= y/g = 52.6/32.2= 1.63 slugs/t™ = Yoil Yunyo ax 4rc = 52.6/62.4 = 0.843 Find the height of the free surface if 0.8 f° of water is poured into a conical tank (Fig. 1-1) 20 in high with a base radius of 10 in. How much additional water is required to fill the tank? ' Veone = 8778/3 = 11(10)"(20)/3= 2094 in? Viggo = 0.8 f° = 1382 in? Additional water needed = 2095 — 1382 Vempty (1p) cone = (he/2.0)*h/3 = 713; h, tank. 13 in’, From Fig. 1-1, r5/10= h,/20, or 7, = ho/2.0; 13.96 in. Free surface will be 20 ~ 13.96, or 6.04 in above base of Fig. 14 @ researchgate.net118 119 1.20 121 12 1.23 1 1.25 1.6 14 of 807 Fig. 1-1 PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS J 3 If the tank of Prob. 1.17 holds 30.5 kg of salad oil, what is the density of the oil? ! Vous = 2094 in? (from Prob. 1.17) = 79%4(0.3048)? = 0.03431 m* p= m/V =30.5/0.03431 = 889 kg/m? ‘Under standard conditions a certain gas weighs 0.14 Ib/ft?, Calculate its density, specific volume, and specific gravity relative to air weighing 0.075 Ib/ft. ' p= yig =0.14/32.2 = 0.00435 slug/ft? —_-V, = 1/p = 1/0.00435 = 230 ft'/slug, 8.g. = 0.14/0.075 = 1.87 If the specific volume of a gas is 360 ft"/slug, what is its specific weight? ' p= 1/V, = sly = 0.002778 slug/ft” ‘y= pg = (0.002778)(32.2) = 0.0895 lb/ft” {A vertical glass cylinder contains 900,00 mL of water at 10°C; the height of the water column is 90.00 cm. The \water and its container are heated to 80°C, Assuming no evaporation, what will be the height of the water if the coefficient of thermal expansion («) for the glass is 3.6 x 10-*°C~"? w0Veo_(1000(900 X 10%) =971Vzq Veo = 926.9 X 10-* m? = 926.9 em? Ao = Viol hyo = 900.00/90.00 = 10.000 em? .7841 em I Mass of water = pV = pioVi A= ary 10.000= ari, ho Foo = Fi + (AT)(a)] = (1.7841)[1 + (80 ~ 10)(3.6 x 10-*)] = 1.7845 em. Aso = 207g = (1.7845)? = 10.004 em? Iwo = Viol Aso = 926.9/ 10.004 = 92.65 em, Ifa vessel that contains 3.500 ft’ of water at SO°F and atmospheric pressure is heated to 160 °F, what will be the percentage change in its volume? What weight of water must be removed to maintain the original volume? 1 Weight of water=yV = ys0Vio= YeVieo — (62.4)(3.500) = 61.0Vico Vaso . 5803 ft ‘Change in volume = (3.5803 — 3.500)/3.000 = 0.027, or 2.7% (increase). Must remove (3.5803 — 3.500)(61.0), or 4.9010. ‘A vertical, cylindrical tank with a diameter of 12.00 m and a depth of 4.00 m is filled to the top with water at 20°C. If the water is heated to 50°C, how much water will spill over? ' Veant = (Vinzo) 20 £(12.00/2)°(4.00) = 452.4 m* Wayo = (9.79)(452.4) = 4429 kN (Viio)s0 = 4429/9.69 = 457.1 m Volume of water spilled = 457.1 — 452.4 = 4.7 m ‘A thick, closed, steel chamber is filled with water at 50°F and atmospheric pressure. If the temperature of water ‘and chamber is raised to 100°F, find the new pressure of the water. The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 6.5 10" per °F. I The volume of water would attempt to increase as the cube of the linear dimension; hehe, Veo= Veo} + (100 — 50)(6.5 x 10°)]? = 1.000975V.g; weight of water = yV = Y50Vs0= YouVea» 62.4Via= ‘Yel 1.000975Vs9), Yoo = 62.34 Ib/ft. From Fig. A-3, poo = 1300 psia (approximately). A liquid compressed in a cylinder has a volume of 1000 cm? at 1 MN/m? and a volume of 95 em? at 2MN/m. ‘What is its bulk modulus of elasticity (K)? fe OP et : K= — Ay i> ~ Ges= 1000/1000 7 MP Find the bulk modulus of elasticity of a liquid if a pressure of 150 psi applied to 10 tof the liquid causes a volume reduction of 0.02 f?. _ Ap _ _ (150-0)(144) ' K= ~~ 00 10800000 1b/ft? or 75.000 psi @ researchgate.net' ‘y= (0.79)(62.4)=49.31b/f? y= (0.79)(9.79) = 7.73 kN/m’ p= (0.79)(1.94) = 1.53 slugs/ft” p= (0.79)(1000) = 790 kg/m? 142 OF SOT weiehts about 2.08 b. Compute its mass in slugs and in kilograms. aT F=W=ma — 2.08=(m)(32.2) m= 0.0646 slug m= (0.0646)(14.59) = 0.943 kg One cubie foot of glycerin has a mass of 2.44 slugs. Find its specific weight in both pounds per cubic foot and kilonewtons per cubic meter. HF =W =ma =(2.44)(32.2) = 78.6 Ib. Since the glycerin’s volume is 1 ft’, y = 78.6 lb/ft? = (78.6)(4.448)/(0.3048)" = 12 350 N/m’, or 12.35 kN/m?. 2 0 CHAPTER 1 18 19 1.10 1 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 A quart of SAE 30 oil at 68 °F weighs about 1.85 Ib. Calculate the oil’s specific weight, mass density, and specific gravity. ' V = 1/((4)(7.48)] = 0.03342 60° y= W/V =1,85/0,03342 = 55.416/f° p= lg =55.4/32.2 = 1.72 slugs/ft° S.8- = Yoal Ynz0 w arc = 55.4/62.4 = 0.888 ‘The volume of a rock is found to be 0.00015 m°. Ifthe rock’s specific gravity is 2.60, what is its weight? ! Yeas, = (2.60)(9.79) = 25.5KN/m? Wray = (25.5)(0.00015)= 0.00382 KN or 3.82N A certain gasoline weighs 46.5 Ib/ft°. What are its mass density, specific volume, and specific gravity? ! p= vig =46.5/32.2= 1.44 slugs/f? ——_-V, = 1/p = 1/1.44 = 0.694 ft'/slug S.g.= 1.44/1.94 = 0.742 If the specific weight of a substance is 8.2 kN/m’, what is its mass density? ri] p= y/g = 8200/9.81 = 836 kg/m’ ‘An object at a certain location has a mass of 2.0 kg and weighs 19.0 N on a spring balance. What is the acceleration due to gravity at this location? i F=W=ma 19.0=2.0a a=9.50m/s* If an object has a mass of 2.0 slugs at sea level, what would its mass be at a location where the acceleration due to gravity is 30.00 ft/s?” I Since the mass of an object does not change, its mass will be 2.0 slugs at that location. What would be the weight of a 3-kg mass on « planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 10.00 m/s*? ! F=W = ma = (3)(10.00) = 30.00N Determine the weight of a 5-slug boulder at a place where the acceleration due to gravity is 31.7 ft/s". ' F = W=ma = (5)(31.7) = 1581b 1f 200 fof oil weighs 10520 Ib, calculate its specific weight, density, and specific gravity. ' y= W/V = 10520/200=52.6 lb/ft? p= y/g = 52.6/32.2= 1.63 slugs/t™ = Yoil Yunyo ax 4rc = 52.6/62.4 = 0.843 Find the height of the free surface if 0.8 f° of water is poured into a conical tank (Fig. 1-1) 20 in high with a base radius of 10 in. How much additional water is required to fill the tank? ' Veone = 8778/3 = 11(10)"(20)/3= 2094 in? Viggo = 0.8 f° = 1382 in? Additional water needed = 2095 — 1382 Vempty (1p) cone = (he/2.0)*h/3 = 713; h, tank. 13 in’, From Fig. 1-1, r5/10= h,/20, or 7, = ho/2.0; 13.96 in. Free surface will be 20 ~ 13.96, or 6.04 in above base of Fig. 14 @ researchgate.net