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Estimating & Costing

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147 views

Estimating & Costing

Uploaded by

vilassawant814
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Fundamentals of Estimating and


Costing

Meaning of Estimating and Costing :


It is a technique of calculating the quantities of various material and the
expected amount required for the completion of particular work or project.

Purpose of Estimating and Costing :


1. For inviting tenders.
2. To arrange required funds for the project.
3. To time required to complete the project.
4. To assess the machinery required for the project.
5. To fix the schedule of project.
6. To have rough idea of the materials required for the work.

Administrative Approval :
For any work in PWD it is necessary to take formal acceptance with
respect to cost and work. It is called as administrative approval.

For administrative approval departments sends proposal to government


for taking up the work. After considering all aspects like feasibility, financial
aspect government accept proposal.

Technical Sanction :
Technical sanction means the sanction of detail estimate, rules and cost of
work. It is sanction by competent authority.

The work for the execution only after the technical sanction.
Type of Estimate:
A. Approximate Estimating
B. Detail Estimating

Approximate Estimating :

I. Plinth area rate method


II. Cubical content method
III. Service unit method
IV. Typical bay method
V. Approximate quantity method

Detailed Estimating :

I. Revised Estimate
II. Supplementary Estimate
III. Revised and supplementary Estimate
IV. Repair and maintenance Estimate

Revised Estimate :

A revised estimate is prepared and submitted for fresh technical


sanction.

It is prepared under following condition :

i. When the original sanctioned estimate exceeds more


by than 5%
ii. When the expenditure of a work exceeds more than
10% of administrative approval.
iii. When there are material deviations from the original
proposal.
iv. When sanctioned estimate is more than requirement.
Supplementary Estimate:

At the time of actual work some changes and additional work has
be done these changes are due to material deviation or difference in
structural design. Separate abstract sheet should be prepared. This
estimate is called supplementary estimate.

Revised and supplementary estimate :

During execution of work, sometime it is necessary to revise the


original estimate due to increased volume of items and at the same time
sanction of supplementary works.

Repair and Maintenance estimate :

When the work is over it is necessary to maintain the structure in


proper condition. For this purpose, an estimate is prepared is called repair
and maintenance estimate.

Comparison between Revised Estimate and Supplementary Estimate :

Sr.
Revised Estimate Supplementary Estimate
No.
It is prepared the original It is prepared when their additional
1. sanctioned estimate exceeds work is required to supplement
more than 5% original work
It is prepared when there is It is prepared when some items are
2. change in material and labour added or excluded from the original
rates estimate
3 Abstract sheet is not required Separate abstract sheet is required
Revision or additional of Revision or addition of drawing may
4.
drawing is not necessary be required
Renovation Estimate :

The estimate which is prepared for renovation work is called as


renovation estimate.

Roles and Responsibilities of Estimator :


a. Analyse drawings and specification.
b. Provide detail quantity take offs.
c. Understand contract terms and condition.
d. Maintain relationship with sub-contractors and clients.
e. Identify labours, materials and time requirements and compute cost.

Modes of Measurement :
Sr.no. Unit of measurement Sq. m/Lump sum
1. Site clearance cutting big trees No
2. Earthwork Cu. m
3. P.C.C. Cu. m
4. Stone Masonry Cu. m
5. Brick work (30 cm LW) Cu. m
6. Brick work (1/2 brick ) Sq. m
7. Honey – combed brickwork Sq. m
8. R.C.C. Cu. M
9. Steel Quintal/kg
10. D.P.C. Sq. m
11. Flooring Sq. m
12. Wood work for door and window frame Cu. m
13. Door window shutter Sq. m
14. Shuttering, Centring Sq. m
15. Collapsible gate Sq. m
16. Plastering, Pointing Sq. m
17. Coloring/distempering Sq. m
18. Dado Sq. m
19. Skirting up to 30 cm RMT
20. Skirting above 30 cm Sq. m
21. Cornice RMT
22. Riling Raling RMT
23. Water proofing paste/liquid Kg
24. Electric wiring Point
25. Brick on edge Number
26. Manhole and inspection chamber Number
27. Barbed wire fencing RMT
28. Surface dressing and levelling Sq. m
29. Rolled steel beams Quintal
30. Grouting Sq. m
31. Form work Sq. m
32. Rain water pipe RMT
33. Water and sewer pine RMT
34. Sand filling Cu. m
35. Bib cock, stop cock Number
36. W.C. Pan /wash basin
37. Cavity walls Sq. m
38. A.C. Sheets, G.I. Sheets Sq. m

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