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CH 5 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Ws 3

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CH 5 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Ws 3

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VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS, ANUPPANADI - MADURAI

CH: 5, MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE – WORK SHEET Topic: DNA Replication


I. Choose the correct answer (1 Mark) Competency Based Questions

1.Who experimentally proved the semiconservative mode of DNA replication?


(a) Mathew Meselson (b) Franklin Stahl c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Watson and Crick

2. Name the heavy isotope used by Meselson and Stahl for proving the semiconservative mode of DNA.
(a) 15NH4Cl2 (b) 14NHCl2 (c) 13NHCl 2 (d) All of these

3. In Meselson and Stahl’s experiment (1958), DNA extracted from the culture one generation after the transfer from
15
N to 14 N medium had a hybrid (or intermediate) density. Why?
(a) Because the generation time of E. coli (culture) was about 20 minutes
(b) Because it would take 20 minutes for RNA replication
(c) Because it would take 20 minutes for replication of DNA to RNA (transcription)
(d) Because it would take 20 minutes for translation RNA to protein

4. Similar experiments like Meselson and Stahl was performed by Taylor in 1958.
The experimental organism of Taylor was
(a) Vicia faba. (b) Fungi. (c) E. coli. (d) Protista

5. DNA polymerisation rate of DNA polymerase is


(a) 1000 bp/s (b) 2000 bp/s (c) 3000 bp/s (d) 5000 bp/s

6. For long DNA molecules, the two strands of DNA cannot be separated in its entire length due to the requirement of
(a) enzymes. (b) high energy. (c) RNA. (d) phosphate and nucleotide

7. Replication occurs within the small opening of DNA helix referred to as


(a) replication fork (b) duplication fork (c) DNA fork (d) RNA fork

8. DNA-dependent DNA polymerases catalyses polymerisation in which direction?


(a) 3′ → 5 (b) 5′ → 2′. (c) 5′ → 3′. (d) 2′ → 5′

9. Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate serve dual purposes. The purposes are


(a) act as substrate and decrease reaction rate
(b) provide energy for polymerisation and act as substrate
(c) decrease reaction rate and provide energy for polymerisation
(d) Synthesise RNA primer and decrease reaction rate

10. If Meselson and Stahl’s experiment is continued for four generations in bacteria, the ratio of
15
N/15N: 15N/14N: 14N/14N containing DNA in the fourth generation would be
(a) 1:1:0 (b) 1:4:0 (c) 0:1:3 (d) 0:1:7

11. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides which are linked to each other by 3′–5′ phosphodiester bond. To prevent
polymerisation of nucleotides, which of the following modifications would you choose?
(a) Replace purine with pyrimidines
(b) Remove/Replace 3′ OH group in deoxyribose
(c) Remove/Replace 2′ OH group with some other group in deoxyribose
(d) Both (b) and (c)

12. Choose the incorrect statement(s) about the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl’s that
(a) equal amount of light DNA and hybrid DNA was observed in E. coli culture after two generations
(b) the generation time of E. coli culture was 40 minutes
(c) the equal amount of light DNA and hybrid DNA was observed in E. coli culture after three generations
(d) Both (a) and (b)
13. Choose the incorrect statement about the semiconservative scheme of DNA replication.
(a) Watson and Crick proposed the scheme for replication of DNA in 1953
(b) The scheme suggested that the two strands would separate and act as a template for the synthesis of new
complementary strands
(c) Griffith proposed the scheme of semiconservative DNA replication
(d) After the completion of replication, each DNA molecule would have one parental and one newly
synthesised strand

14. Choose the correct statements about DNA replication.


(a) Discontinuously synthesised fragments are later joined by the enzyme DNA ligase.
(b) There is a definite region in E.coli DNA where the replication originates, known as origin of replication.
(c) In eukaryotes, the replication of DNA takes place at S-phase of the cell cycle.
(d) Failure of cell division after DNA replication results in polyploidy.

Directions (Q. No. 15 to 20 ) In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given by
corresponding statement of Reason (R). Of the statements, mark the correct answer as
(a) If both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) If both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) If A is true, but R is false
(d) If A is false, but R is true

15. Assertion: Replication on one strand of DNA is continuous and on another it is discontinuous.
Reason: The DNA polymerase works in 3′ → 5′ direction

16. Assertion: The mechanism of DNA replication is semiconservative in nature.


Reason: Each of the complementary strands of the parental double helix is conserved during the process.

17. Assertion: Synthesis of daughter or new strand occurs continuously along the parent 3' → 5' strand.
Reason: DNA polymerase can polymerise nucleotides in 3'- 5' direction on 5' →3' strand.

18. Assertion: One of the two strands of DNA is called sense strand and other is called antisense strand.
Reason: Sense strand of DNA forms complementary RNA

19. Assertion: DNA replication is semi conservative in nature .


Reason : The new DNA formed has both strands newly formed.

20. Assertion: Mathew Meselson and Franklin Stahl performed experiment using Heavy N source in nutrition medium
for the growth of bacteria.
Reason: Density gradient centrifugation was used to separate the heavy DNA particles.

II. Case based questions (4 Marks)


21. Observe the following diagram and answer the following:

i)Who conducted the above experiment? (1)


ii) Write the name of the chemical substance used as a source of nitrogen. (1)
iii) What conclusion he derives from generation II. (2) (or)
How the scientists make it possible to distinguish the heavy and light DNA molecules?
22. Observe the following diagram and answer the following:

i) Label a, b, c, d and e in two fragments. (2)


(or)
Why ‘c’ strand synthesis is discontinuous?
ii) What is the role of primers in replication? (1)
iii) In which stage of cell cycle this structure is formed? (1)

III. Very short answer (2 Marks)


23. State the dual role of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates during DNA replication.
24. Compare the roles of the enzymes DNA polymerase and DNA ligase in the replication.
25. Draw a labelled schematic sketch of replication fork of DNA. Explain the role of the enzymes
involved in DNA replication.

IV. Short answer (3 Marks)


26. (a) Why does DNA replication occur in small replication forks and not in its entire length?
(b) Why is DNA replication continuous and discontinuous in a replication fork?
(c) Explain the importance of ‘origin of replication’ in a replication fork.

27. Answer the following questions based on Meselson and Stahl’s experiment:
(a) Write the name of the chemical substance used as a source of nitrogen in the experiment by them.
(b) Why did the scientists synthesise the light and the heavy DNA molecules in the organism used in the
experiment?
(c) How did the scientists make it possible to distinguish the heavy DNA molecule from the light DNA molecule?
Explain.

V. Long answer (5 Marks)


28. (a) Explain the process of DNA replication with the help of a schematic diagram.
(b) In which phase of the cell cycle does replication occur in eukaryotes? What would happen if cell-division is not
followed after DNA replication.

29. (a) What did Meselson and Stahl observe when


(i) they cultured E. coli in a medium containing 15NH4CI for a few generations and centrifuged the content?
(ii) they transferred one such bacterium to the normal medium of NH4CI and cultured for 2 generations?
(b) What did Meselson and Stahl conclude from this experiment? Explain with the help of diagrams.
(c) Which is the first genetic material? Give reasons in support of your answer

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