CHAPTER 3

EXCEL
1. What is the method of copying formula?

Ans. 1 select the cell containing the formula that you want to copy.

2 in the clipboard group of the home tab, click copy.

3select new cell do you want to copy formula

4 in the clipboard group of the home tab, click paste.

or

1 select the cell containing the formula that you want to copy.

2 drag cell by using fill handle small black box at the bottom right corner in selected cell.

2. Formatting Text in a Worksheets .

Ans. Formatted text has control codes indicating the fonts, bold or italic type, margins, indents,

columns, tabs, headers and footers, and other attributes.

1. Merge & Center: Select the cells. On the Ribbon, select the Home tab  in the Alignment

group  click Merge & Center. All selected cells are now merged and the data in the first cell is

centered. To unmerge the cells simply follow the same process.

2. Basic Style Changes: On the Ribbon, select the Home tab  in the Font group 

select B for Bold, I for italics, U for Underline.

3. Background Colour : Select the cells. On the Ribbon, select the Home tab  in the Font

groupclick Fill Colour (down arrow for dropdown menu). Choose the colour.

Formatting Worksheets using Styles Toolbar

The use of styles in Excel allows to quickly format worksheet. In Excel, all styles are cell styles.

However, a defined style can be applied to an entire worksheet. Select the Styles from the Home

tabStyles group.

Applying a Style in an Excel Worksheet in order to apply an existing style in Excel,

follow the steps :

1 Select the cells to which a defined style is to be applied.

2 Choose Home tabStyles groupCell styles.

3 Select the name of the style to apply in the Cell styles.

4 Select OK.

3. What is the function of Autofill feature?

Ans. Autofill is used to fill automatically ie., fill a series of numbers, numbers and text combinations,

dates or time periods, based on the pattern established. Select cells and drag the fill handle
4. What are the different types of Charts?

Ans. Charts

Charts allows to present data entered in the worksheet in a visual format using a variety of graph

types. Before making a chart, first enter data into a worksheet.

Components of a Chart

There are a number of components of a chart. Some of the major components are:

Chart Title : A title given to the whole chart.

X-Axis Title : A title given to the X-axis data range.

Y-Axis Title : A title given to the Y-axis data range.

X-Axis Category : This is the category of the data which have been plotted. These are taken from

the first column or first row of your data range.

Y-Axis Value : This is the data range marked to plot the data series.

Data Labels : The values of the data series plotted.

Legends : Specifies the colour, symbol or pattern used to mark data series.

Tick Marks : These marks are used to show the scaling of X-axis and Y-axis.

Grid Lines : Displays lines at the major intervals on the category X-axis and/or Y-axis.

Chart Types

Select a Chart from a set of chart types in step 1 of the Chart Wizard. Some of the chart types are :

Column Charts : They compare distinct items. In this chart category axis is horizontal (X-axis)

and value axis is vertical (Y-axis). It is important to keep the number of series in a column chart to

a minimum. Many series cause the column to become narrow and difficult to analyze. Column

charts are used to compare the results.

Bar Charts : Compare different items or show single items at different intervals. It is similar to

column chart except that the chart value axis is horizontal (X-axis) and category axis is

vertical (Y-axis).

Area Charts : They show the relative contributions of each value to a total over time.

Line Charts : These charts are useful to compare the trends over time.

Pie Charts : The chart show the proportion of each part value to the total value in a data series.

They are used to show proportional sales figures or representation of different categories of

population like workers/non-workers, male/female, adults/children, etc.

5. What are the different types of functions.

Ans. Functions

The built-in formulas are called functions. The users have to provide the cell references or

addresses only. These are called arguments of the functions that are given between a pace of

parentheses ( ). The functions perform the operations on the given values and return the result that

is displayed in the same cell where the function was entered. They perform mathematical

operations more efficiently than formulas. For example, to add the values of cells D1 through D10,
type the formula “=D1+D2+D3 +D4+D5+D6+D7 +D8+D9+D10”. A shorter way would be to use

the SUM function and simply type “=SUM(D1:D10)”. Several other functions and examples are

given in the table below:

(a) SUM() function - Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.

The Syntax is

=SUM(number1,number2,……)

Ex. =SUM (A1:A4) finds the sum of cells A1 through A4

(b) AVERAGE() function - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments

The Syntax is

=AVERAGE(number1,number2,……)

Ex. =AVERAGE(A1:A10) finds the average of cells A1 through A10

(c) MAX() function - Returns the largest value in a set of values.

The Syntax is

=MAX(number1,number2,…..)

Ex. =MAX(A1:A10) returns the highest number from cells A1 through A10

(d) MIN() function - Returns the smallest number in a set of values.

The Syntax is

=MIN(number1,number2,…….)

Ex. =MIN(A1:A10) returns the lowest number from cells A1 through A10

(e) COUNT() function – Returns the number of cells that contain numbers.

The Syntax is

=COUNT(value1,value2,…….)

Ex. =COUNT(A1:A10)

(f) COUNTIF() Function – It is used to count the number of cells within a range that meet the

given criteria.

The Syntax is

=COUNTIF (range, criteria)

Where range is the location of all the values from which the COUNTIF will choose and criteria are

the expressions, text, or values that define which cells will be counted.

For example, Find the number of students who have scored more than 80 with the formula:

=COUNTIF (A1:A10, “>80”) in quotes using comparison operator.

(g) SUMIF() Function – It is used to add the numbers in the range that meet the given criteria.

The Syntax is

=SUMIF(Range, Criteria)

For example, Find the total marks of students who have scored more than 80 with the formula:
=SUMIF (A1:A10, “>80”)

In this formula the range A1:A10 is the range of marks of 10 students and the criteria is specified

in quotes using comparison operator.

6. What is the function of AutoSum() feature?

Ans. AutoSum

It automatically adds the values.

Ex. The AutoSum function to add the contents of 5 cells.

1. Select the cell range J5:J8.

2. Select the cell that the sum will appear in that is outside the cluster of cells whose values will

be added, Cell J9.

3. Click the Formula tabFunction Library groupAutoSum.

4. The sum will be displayed in cell J9.

7. What are the different types of reference?

Ans. Relative Referencing: Calling cells by just their column and row labels (such as “A1”) is called

Relative Referencing. When a formula has Relat ive Referencing and it is copied from one cell to

anot her, exact copy of the formula is not created. It will change cell addresses relative to the row

and column to which they are moved to.

Absolute Referencing: To prevent the cell addresses t o change, a dollar sign “ $” is placed before

column and row location in the formula. The references become absolute and they will not

change when copied.

Mixed referencing : It is a combination of relative and absolute reference.

For example, in the formula “=(D2$+$A$2)”, the row of cell D2 is fixed and the column of cell A2

is fixed.

8. What are the operators in Excel?

Ans. An operator is a special symbol that tells a programme what action to take on a series of
numbers.

There are two kinds of operators:

(a) Mathematical operators and (b) Comparison or logical operators.

(a) Mathematical Operators: These operators are used to add, subtract, multiply, and divide

numbers. The following are the 5 mathematical operators.

Operator Symbol

Explanation
Example

^ Exponential =4^2

+ Addition =4+2

- Subtraction =4-2

* Multiplication =4*2

/ Division =4/2

(b) Comparison Operators: These operators are used to compare one value to the other. These
operators

are also called logical operators because the resulted answer in the cell is always either True or
False.The

following are the comparison operators.

Operator

Symbol

Explanation Example

= Equal to =C1=10

> Greater than =E5>50

>= Greater than or equal to

=D5>=20

< Less than =E1<20

<= Less than or equal to =C5<=10

<> Not equal to =F1<>10

9. Differentiate between the Workbook and Worksheet functions.

Ans. Excel Workbook and Worksheet

Excel workbook is a file that contains one or more worksheet s that can be used to organize

related information. Each new workbook comes with three worksheet s, like pages in a document .

Each workbook can contain upto 255 worksheet s. Data is entered into the worksheets. Each

worksheet has a name on its sheet tab at the bottom left of the workbook window: Sheet 1,

Sheet2, and Sheet3. Click each sheet tab to view a worksheet.

hat do you mean by cells in an Excel sheet?

Ans. The area which falls at the intersection of a column and a row where the information is to be

inserted is know n as a cell. There are a total of 1,048,576 x 16,384 cells present in a single excel

sheet.
11 What do you mean by cell address?

Ans. The cell address of an Excel sheet refers to the address that is obtained by the combination of

the Row number and the Column alphabet. Each cell of an M S Excel sheet will have a distinct

cell address.

12 Can you add cells?

Ans. Yes, you can insert new cells into a sheet. To add a new cell, simply select the cell w here you

want to insert it and then select the Insert option. you will see window:

Select the desired option and then click on OK.

13 Can you add new rows and columns to an Excel sheet?

Ans. Yes, you can add rows and columns to an Excel sheet. To add new rows and columns select the

place where you intend to add them and right-click on it. Then select the Insert option from

where you can choose to select an entire row or column.

14 Can you protect workbooks in Excel?

Ans. Yes, workbooks can be protected. Excel provides three options for this:

1. Passwords can be set to open Workbooks

2. You can protect sheets from being added, deleted, hidden or unhidden

3. Protecting window sizes or positions from being changed

15 What are macros?

Ans. Excel allows you to automate the tasks you do regularly by recording them into macros. So, a

macro is an action or a set of them that you can perform n number of times. For example, if you

have to record the sales of each item at the end of the day, you can create a macro that will

automatically calculate the sales, profits, loss, etc and use the same for the future instead of

manually calculating it every day.

16 What is ribbon?

Ans. Ribbon refers to the topmost area of the application that contains menu items and toolbars

available in M S-Excel. Ribbon can be shown/ hidden using CTRL+F1. The ribbon runs on the top

of the application and is the replacement for the toolbars and menus. The ribbons have various

tabs on the top, and each tab has its ow n group of commands.

17 Explain pivot tables and its uses.

Ans. A pivot table is a tool that allows for quick summarization of large data. It automatically

performs a sort, count, total or average of the data stored in the spreadsheet and displays

result in another spreadsheet. It saves a lot of time. Allows to link external data sources to our

Excel.