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The Elements of A Computer System

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20 views8 pages

The Elements of A Computer System

even more based

Uploaded by

garyboy194
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The elements of a computer system

A computer comprises of a series of components that work


together for it to perform tasks. All computer systems are
divided into four basic components which perform distinct tasks
on a computer. These are:

 INPUT DEVICES. These are components of a computer that are


used for getting data and instructions into the computer.
 PROCESSING DEVICE. The processing device of a computer is
called a processor. It consists of the central processing unit
that processes data and instructions by applying operations on
the data such as arithmetic operations, comparisons, and data
transfer.
 STORAGE DEVICES. These components of a computer stores the
data for future use on a computer.
 OUTPUT DEVICES. Output Devices are computer components that
produce information.

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COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
The physical components of a computer collectively are called
Hardware.
The hardware of a computer include:
a)input devices,
b)output devices,
c)a system unit,
d)storage devices, and
e)Communication devices.

Peripheral devices
The hardware components of a computer that connects to its
system unit and are controlled by the processor are known as
peripherals.in other words, we can rightly put it as a
peripheral is an attachment to the computer system.

Examples of peripheral devices are:


a)keyboards,
b)printers,
c)modems,
d)Scanners, etc.

Input Devices.
An input device is any hardware part that enables data and
instructions to be entered into a computer.

What is Input? The data that is collected and entered into a


computer is known as input.
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What’s the purpose of Input Devices?
The purpose of an input device is to take in data and
instructions and convert it into a form that a computer can
understand and accept.

Types of Input Devices


There are many types of input devices. The following are some of
the input devices:
1)Keyboard,
2)Pointing Devices,
3)Controllers for Gaming & Media players,
4)Voice Input,
5)Digital Cameras,
6)Video Input, &
7)Scanners.

1. Keyboard
A Keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to
enter data and instructions into a computer.

2. Pointing Devices.
A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to
control a pointer on the screen. The following are the pointing
devices:

a) Mouse, e) Light pen,


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b) Trackball, f) Touch screen,
c) Touchpad, g) Stylus, &
d) Pointing stick, h) Pens

a) Mouse
A Mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of a user
and use it for controlling the movement of a mouse pointer on a
screen.

Types of Mouse
 A Mechanical Mouse,
 Optical Mouse,
 Laser Mouse

b) Trackball
A Trackball is a stationery pointing device that has a ball on
its top or side.

c) Touchpad
A Touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is
sensitive to pressure and motion.
Touchpads are found most often on Laptop computers that allow
users to control movement of the pointer on a Laptop screen.

d) Pointing Stick
A Pointing Stick is a pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped
like a pencil eraser that is positioned between the keys on some
Laptop Keyboard.
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e) Light Pen
A Light Pen is a handheld input device that can detect the
presence of light.

f) Touch Screen
A Touch Screen is a touch-sensitive display device. Touch
screens are used for inputting data by touching the areas on the
screen where there’s words, pictures, letters, etc.

g) Pen Input
A Pen Input is a Pen-type device which most mobile users often
use to enter data and instructions. There are two devices used
for Pen Input, these are:
1) A Stylus, &
2) A Digital Pen

1) A Stylus
A stylus is small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny
ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink.

2) A Digital Pen
A digital pen is in two forms, one that is pressure sensitive
and another that has a tiny in-built digital camera.
Digital Pens with an in-built digital camera also contain a
processor, memory & an ink cartridge.

What is a Graphic Tablet?

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A Graphic Tablet is a flat, rectangular, electronic, plastic
board that is used for creating drawings & sketches by using a
pressure sensitive pen.

3. Controllers for Gaming


A Game Controller is the input device that video games &
computer games use that direct the movements & actions on on-
screen objects. Game controllers include the following:
• Gamepads,
• Joysticks,
• Light guns, &
• Motion-sensing controllers.

a) Gamepads
A Gamepad is a game controller that controls the movement &
actions of players or objects in video games or computer games.

b) Joysticks
This game controller is a handheld vertical level mounted on a
base.
c) Light Guns
A light gun is a game controller that is used to shoot targets &
moving objects after a trigger on the light gun is pulled.
d) Dance Pads
This game controller is a flat electronic device divided into
panels that one presses with the feet in response to
instructions from music video game.

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e) Motion-Sensing Game Controllers
Motion-sensing game controllers allow the user to guide on-
screen elements by moving a handheld Motion sensing game
controller as an input device in fixed directions through the
air.
f) Touch-Sensing Pads
A Touch-sensitive pad is a media player controller on portable
media players that is used as an input device to enable users to
scroll through and play music, view pictures, watch videos or
movies, adjust volume, and change settings.
4. Voice Input
Voice input is the process of entering input into a computer
system by speaking into a microphone that is attached to a
computer.

Voice Recognition
Voice recognition is also called speech recognition.
It’s defined as a computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken
words.

Most voice recognition programs are a combination of:


a)Speaker dependent, &
b)Speaker independent.

a) Speaker dependent voice recognition


Software requires the computer to be trained to recognize a
person’s voice and it will make a profile of that user’s voice.

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Speaker independent voice recognition software has built-in set
of word patterns and this means a user using this software will
not require to train a computer to recognize his/her word.

5. Digital Cameras
A digital camera allows users to take pictures and store the
photographed images digitally instead of on traditional film.

6. Video Input
Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images using
a Video camera and storing them on a computer’s storage medium
such as hard disk or DVD.

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