Assessment Manual for

Micro Project
Diploma Programme

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
 MICRO PROJECT REPORT

WALCHAND COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(POLYTECHNIC WING)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

A MICROPROJECT REPORT ON

“Automatically Switching to emergency battery

backup using a relay at the time of power shut
down”
SUBMITTED BY,
1. MR. Nishant Vinod Pawar (382)
2. MR. Avinash Arun Wanwade (381)
3. MR. Varad prashant Kulkarni (378)
4. MR. Aditya Rajendra Terdale (380)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
S.S.Kambale
 ACADMIC YEAR 2023-24
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Polytechnic Wing
Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli
(An Autonomous Instituted)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that roll no. 378, 380, 381, 382. Of fifth semester of
diploma in Electrical Engg. of institute Walchand College of
Engineering. Sangli (code- 0009) have completed term work
satisfactorily in course Switchgear and Protection (22524) for the
Academic year 2023-24 as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place:- Sangli Enrollment no.- 2000090085
Date - 2100090242
2200090243
2200090244

Course Teacher HOD

S.S.kambale. Prof. J.Y.Mane
 PART A: MICRO-PROJECT PROPOSAL

Title: Automatically Switching to emergency battery backup using a relay at the time of
power shut down

1.0 BRIEF INFORMATION:

Automatically switching to emergency battery backup using a relay during a power shutdown
involves integrating a relay, battery, and a microcontroller-based system. The microcontroller is
programmed to monitor the power status through a power monitoring circuit. Upon detecting a
power shutdown, the microcontroller triggers the relay to switch the power source to the
emergency battery, ensuring uninterrupted operation. This setup is vital for critical systems, such
as servers or data storage, to prevent data loss and maintain functionality during power outages.
Thorough testing and consideration of safety measures are essential for the reliability and
effectiveness of this automatic switching mechanism.

2.0 AIM OF MICRO PROJECT:

To understand what is relay.

To understand the failure of power system and their affects.

3.0 INTENDED COURSE OUTCOME:

We learnt about protection relay.

4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:

The literature on automatically switching to emergency battery backup using a relay during
power shutdowns explores topics such as the reliability and efficiency of relay systems, the role
of microcontrollers in control logic, advancements in battery technologies, integration into larger
systems, safety considerations, real-world applications, environmental impact, and compliance
with standards and regulations. This research often involves case studies, analyses of different
relay types, and considerations for seamless transitions between power sources..

Resources:-

SAP note book of 5th sem

http://electrical-engineering-portal.com
 5.0 PROPOSED METHODLOGY:

1. First we gather all together to do the same.

2. Then we searched about our topic.
3. After that we made our project then by discussing that with teacher we finalized the
project.
4. Then finally we made the report on it.

6.0 ACTION PLAN:

Sr.No Details of the Planned start Planned finish Name of responsible

activity date date members
1 Selection of our 28/09/2023 28/09/2023 All Group Members
Micro-project

2 Research for 29/09/2023 30/09/2023 All Group Members

The project

3 Deciding the role of 30/09/2023 30/09/2023 All Group Members

members
4 Making of project 1/10/2023 1/10/2023 All Group Members
and report
5 Discuss the project 2/10/2023 2/10/2023 All Group Members
with teacher and
finalize it
 PART B: MICRO-PROJECT REPORT

Title: Automatically Switching to emergency battery backup using a relay at the time of
power shut down.

1.0 RATIONAL:

Automatically switching to emergency battery backup using a relay during power shutdowns
is rational for ensuring uninterrupted operation, preventing data loss, minimizing downtime,
safeguarding against power fluctuations, optimizing response times, enhancing system
resilience, ensuring user and equipment safety, promoting efficient energy management, and
facilitating preventive maintenance. This approach is adaptable to various applications and
industries, contributing to the overall reliability and longevity of critical systems.

2.0 COURSE OUTCOMES ADDRESSED:

1. Test the operation of various protective devices and relays.

2. Trace the operating characteristics of different types of relays.

3.0 AIM OF MICROPROJECT:

1. To understand what is relay.

2. To ensure uninterrupted operation of critical systems.

3.1 LITERATURE REVIEW:

Relay Technologies and Configurations:

Exploration of various relay technologies and configurations used in automatic

power switching systems.
 3.2 ACTUAL METHODLOGY FOLLOWED:
1. First we gather all together to do the same.
2. Then we searched about our topic.
3. After that we made our project then by discussing that with teacher we finalized
the project.
4. Then finally we made the report on it

3.3 OUTCOMES OF MICRO-PROJECT:

1. Enhanced electrical system safety by battery backup using relay.

▪ Discussion of challenges and solutions related to the integration of emergency battery
backup systems into diverse applications and industries.

▪ Switchgear and Protection:

▪ Switchgear:

Definition: Switchgear refers to the combination of electrical disconnect switches,

fuses, circuit breakers, and other devices used to control, protect, and isolate
electrical equipment in a power system.

Functions:

Control: Enables operators to control the flow of electrical power within the
system.

▪ Protection: Safeguards electrical equipment and the system from faults,

such as short circuits or overloads.

Isolation: Allows for the isolation of equipment for maintenance or repair without
affecting the entire system.
❖ Protective Relays:

▪ What is Protective relays:

Relay is protective device which senses the fault and send the
command to the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty section from the
system under abnormal condition.

▪ Protective relays:
▪ Relay Protection

1. Purpose: Protective relays are designed to safeguard electrical

systems by monitoring and responding to abnormal conditions
or faults, such as overloads, short circuits, and voltage
anomalies.
2. Types: There are various types of protective relays, including
electromechanical, solid-state, and microprocessor-based relays.
These relays differ in terms of technology, sensitivity, and
features.
3. Sensing Parameters: Protective relays can monitor a range of
electrical parameters, such as current, voltage, frequency, and
temperature, depending on the specific application.
4. Operation: When a relay detects an abnormal condition or
fault, it sends a signal to initiate protective actions, which may
include tripping a circuit breaker, isolating a faulty section, or
providing alarms.
5. Applications: Protective relays are used in a wide range of
applications, including power generation, distribution, industrial
processes, transportation systems (e.g., railways), and more.
6. Importance: Their primary function is to prevent equipment
damage, minimize downtime, and maintain the reliability and
safety of electrical systems.
 ❖ Actual Project:
▪ Components Used in our project:

Sr.No Component Name Specification Quantity

1 Relays 12V DC 1

2 Red Led 12V DC 1

3 adaptor 12V DC 1

8 Battery with cap 9V DC 1

9 PCB (printed circuit board) 4×6 1

10 Wooden box - 1

11 Connecting Wires 0.5 mm As per req.

12 One way switch - 1

▪ Actual Procedure:-
1. First we bring the all components from market.
2. Then on the wooden box we stick the PCB.
3. Then we mounted all the components on it.
4. After that we connected all this components as given in actual
circuit diagram.
5. Then with the help of soldering gun we make the joints strong.
6. Then we tested the circuit whether it is connected correct or not.

▪ Circuit Diagram:-
 ❖ Conclusion:

In conclusion, reverse polarity protection relays play a vital

role in safeguarding electrical systems from damage and potential
hazards caused by reverse connections. Their diverse applications, from
automotive to industrial settings, demonstrate their significance.
Ongoing research and technological advancements have contributed to
improved reliability and accuracy in these relays. However, addressing
challenges such as false alarms remains a priority.

Compliance with industry standards and regulations is

essential, and reverse polarity protection relays stand out as a valuable
addition to protective devices, offering enhanced circuit safety and
preventing costly equipment damage. Future trends in this field may
focus on further innovation and integration with advanced control
systems for even more effective protection.
❖ References:

• https://images.app.goo.gl/4h61yDUeWWrZMVe3A
• https://images.app.goo.gl/Ab3RCRjJDqgyRJfx7
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwitchgearAndProtection
• https://aryabharathipolytechnic.ac.in/syllabus/electrical&electronic
sengg/fifthsem/PR&SL.pdf
• http://www.electrical4u.com/low-voltage-switchgear
• http://electrical-engineering-portal.com
• http://myelectrical.com
• SAP note book of 5th semester
Actual Project:-