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ssert
ati
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ulfilmentoftherequi
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ubmissi
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ertati
onfor
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e

By
J
ATINKUMAR
Reg.No.
1180100739

Gui
de
AR.SANJAYBHANDARI
Ass
ist
antprof
ess
or

Depar
tmentofArchit
ect
ure
Sc
hoolofPl
anni
ngandArchit
ectur
e,Vi
jay
awada
MonthYear
 certI
fIcate

Thisi
st ocerti
fythatt heDis
sertat
iontit
led“ CONCEPTUALUNDERSTANDI NG
FROM SACREDFRACTALGEOMETRYANDI TSHERI TAGE;
Explor
inggeomet r
yin
thecaseofBhumi j
at emples ”hasbeens ubmittedbyJat
inKumar( Reg.No.
1180100739)attheDepar t
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hit
ec ture,towar
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alful
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ionforBachelorsofArc
hitec
ture.
Thi sisabonafideworkofthestudent.

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Name: Jati
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Reg.No.1180100739
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Bachel
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hitect
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Date:21-11-2022
 dI
sclaI
mer

Thec ont
entpr oducedint hedis
sert
ationreportisanori
ginalpi
eceofworkand
takesdue acknowl edgementofr eferr
ed content,whereverappli
cabl
e.The
thoughtsexpressedher ei
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bili
tyoft
heunder si
gnedaut
hor
andhav enobear ingonordoesnotr epresentthoseofSchoolofPlanni
ngand
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tectur
e,Vijayawada.

_
___
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_________
__ ______
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Name: Jati
nKumar
Reg.No.1180100739
2021-22
Bachel
orsinAr c
hitect
ure
Depart
mentofAr c
hitect
ure
Date:21-11-2022
 t
ableofcontent

S.
NO. TI
TLE PAGENO.

CHAPTER1.BACKGROUND. .
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CHAPTER4.CASESTUDY.
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CHAPTER5.REASONSBEHINDTHEUSEOFFRACTALGEOMETRYI N
HINDUTEMPLEARCHI
TECTURE.
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CHAPTER6.CONCLUSI
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CHAPTER7.FUTURESCOPE.
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 lI
stoffI
gures

FI
GURENO.TI
TLE PAGENO.

01Barnsleyfern.
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06Discr
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.11
Submi
ttedby-J
ati
nKumar1180100739 Di
sser
tat
ionGui
de-Mr
.Sanj
ayBhandar
i

conceptualunderst
andIng from sacred fract
al
geometryand I
tsherIt
age
explori
ng geometryi
n thecaseofbhumi
ja temples

1.
Bac
kgr
ound:

Sinceanc ienttimes ,arc hitecturalformsanddes i

gnshav ebeenus edt ot ransmi t
scient i
ficandphi l
os ophi calc onc eptsf rom onegener at i
ont ot henex t.Fr actal
geomet ryisones uc hc onc eptt hathasbeenus edi nv ariousf ormsofar c
hitec t
ure
suc hast empl es,pal aces ,townpl anni ng,andev ens treetdes ign.Someoft he
architec turaland t echnol ogicalmar vels pr oduc ed int he pas ti nclude t he
geomet ri
cpr i
nc i
pl esempl oy edi nt hec onstruc tionoft empl es,br i
dges ,wat er
bodi es ,stupas,andt hei rdes igni nplanandel ev ati
on.Thes t
udyhasex tended
from t hes iteplanl ev el tot hemi nut edet aili
ngl ev el.Anal yzingt heev olutionofa
simpl egeomet ri
calf or mi nt oac ompl expar amet ricstruc ture.Thet opi cinc l
udes
thef undament alc onc eptoff ractaltheor yaswel last hebas icstructureofHi ndu
templ es.Itals
of oc usesont hebehav iour alactsoff ract alsinHindut empl esand
ther easonsf ort heirs ucces s.Thes tudyoft hi ss acredf ractalheritagewi llbe
suppor tedwi thr elev antc ases tudiesofanc i
enthi ndut empl esandbui l
dingsof
moder nandpos t-moder nar chitecture.Thes tudywi llc onc l
udewi tht heneedof
rev i
vingt hissacredgeomet ryandi tsappl icati
oni n21s tc enturyar c
hitec t
ur e.

1.
1Keywor
ds:

Ar
chitec
tur
algeometry,Fr
act
algeomet
ry,Sac
red geomet
ry,Hi
ndu t
empl
es,
mathemati
cal
sequenc
es,

1.
2Needf
ors
tudy:

Frac
talgeometry which was i
mplemented inthe f
orm devel
opment and
constr
uct
ionofhindutemplei
sanuniqueherit
agewhic
hneededtobestudied,
anal
ysedandrev
ivedfori
tsmoderndayimpli
cati
oni
nstr
uct
uri
zi
ngforms.

1.
3Ai
m:

Theaim ofthi
sst
udyi stoUnder s
tandthetr
uev al
uesandmeani
ngsoffr
act
al
sacr
edgeometryofhindutemples,soastodi
scus
sitsi
mpli
cat
ioni
npres
entday
arc
hitec
tur
eanditss
copeinthef utur
e.

Pa
geno.
1
1.
4Obj
ect
ives
:

Tos
tudy
………….
.
.Theev
olut
ionofFr
act
algeomet
ryofanc
ientHi
ndut
empl
es.
Tounder
stand……Thec
ompl
exi
tyoff
rac
talgeomet
ryi
mpl
ement
edi
nanc
ient
Hi
ndutemples.

Tolookinto………. Thes
copeofi
tsi
mpl
ement
ati
oni
nthemoder
nar
chi
tec
tur
eof
the21stcentur
y.

1.
5Met
hodol
ogy:

Thi
sresear
chist ak
enf or
war
di nanexplorat
oryapproachwi t
hthefol
lowing
components
:li
ter
aturebas
edst
udyini
ti
all
y,c
asestudyanal
ysi
s.Themet
hodology

1.
6Sc
opeofs
tudy:

Compr ehensiv
es tudyoff r
actalgeometryofanc i
enthi
ndut empl
es.
Fr
actalgeomet ryi mplement ati
ons withr especttot he Bhumij
at empl
e
ar
chitecture.
Understanding thet ruevalueand meani ngsofgeomet r
iccomposi
ti
onsby
st
udy i
ngs omer elevantcases.
Dis
cus s
ionont hes c opeoft hefrac
talgeomet ryoftemplesint
othemodern
worldont hebas i
soft heli
teratur
estudyfindi ngs.

1.
7Abs
trac
t:

Fractalgeomet ryisr ecursivegeomet r

yt hati ss elf-si
mi l
ar.Ac cordingt oHindu
phil
os ophy ,
t hecosmosi sholonomicands elf-
simi l
ari nnat ure.Fr actaltheorywas
used i nI ndian Hi ndu t emple archi
tecturel ong bef oref ractalt heory was
disc
ov ered.Thi sstudyl ook si
ntotheimpac toff ractalsinv ariouspar t
sofI ndian
Hindut empl es.Thei nvestigati
onhasprogr essedf rom t helev el ofthes i
teplant o
thelev elofmi nutedet ail
ing.Thediscussi
onaddr ess esthef undament alpri
nciple
off ractaltheor yandt hebas i
cstruct
ureofHi ndut empl esus inghel pfuland
self
-explanat oryv i
sualsand anal ys
isoft he t opi c.Ital sof oc useson f ractals
'
behav i
our alactsinHi ndut emplesandther eas onsf ortheirs ucc ess.

Pa
geno.
2
2.
Int
roduc
tion:

Sinceanc ientt imes ,archit

ec t
uralf or msanddes i
gnshav ebeenus edt otransmi t
scient i
ficandphi losophicalconc ept sf r
om onegener at i
ont ot henex t
.( Datta,
2010, #)Fr act
al geomet ryisones uchc onc eptt hathasbeenus edi nvar i
ousf orms
ofar c hitec tures uc hast emples ,pal ac es,townpl anni ng,andev ens treetdes ign.
Someoft hear chitecturalandt echnol ogic almar v
el spr oduc edi nt hepas tinc l
ude
thegeomet ri
cpr inc i
plesempl oyedi nt hec onstruc tionoft empl es ,bri
dges ,wat er
bodi es ,stupas ,andt heirdesigni npl anandel evat ion.Thes t
udyhasex tended
from t hes itepl anl eveltothemi nut edet aili
ngl ev el. Anal y
zingt heev olutionofa
simpl egeomet ricalfor mintoac ompl expar amet ri
cs truc ture.Thet opicinc l
udes
thef undament alc onc eptoffrac talt heor yaswel last hebas icstruc t
ur eofHi ndu
templ es.Ital sof oc usesont hebehav iouralac tsoff r act alsinHi ndut empl esand
ther easonsf ort heirs uccess.Thes tudyoft hiss ac redf ractalher it
agewi llbe
suppor tedwi thr elevantcases tudi esofanc i
enthi ndut empl esandbui l
dingsof
moder nandpos t-moder narchitec tur e.Thes tudywi llc onc l
udewi tht heneedof
rev i
vingt hissac redgeomet r
yandi tsappl i
c ati
oni n21s tc enturyar chit
ec t
ur e.

3.
Lit
erat
ures
tudy:

3.
1fr
act
alGeomet
ry

Thet er
m" fractal
"c omesf rom t heLatinwor d" fr
actus,
"whi c
hmeans" brok en."
Fract
alsar er ecursi
vegeomet ri
calshapeswi t
hs elf
-si
mi l
arityatv ari
ouss cales.
(Dutta&- ,2014,#)" Af ract
ali sanev er
-endi
ngpat t
ern,"ac cordi
ngt otheFr actal
Foundation.Fr actal
sarepat ternsthatarei nfinitel
yc ompl exands el
f-si
mi larat
differents cales.Theyar ec reatedbyr epeat edlyrepeatingabas i
cpr oc essi na
feedbackl oop.Fr actal
s,whi char edr i
venbyr ecursi
on,ar er epresentat i
onsof
dynamics ystems- imagesofChaos .Theyex i
stgeomet ricall
ybet weenourf ami l
iar
dimensions.Fr act
alpatternsar eextremelyfami l
iarbecausenat ureisfulloft hem.

BenoîtB.Mandel
brot(
20November1924–14Oc tober2010)wasaPoli
sh-
born,
FrenchandAmeri
canmathemati
ci
anwhoc ompil
edandc oi
nedtheterm'Fr
actal
'
aftercompi
li
nghundredsofyearsofres
earc
hand i deasaboutsel
f-
si
milar
ity
.
(Lorenz
,n.
d.,
#)

Fract
algeomet r
yplaysnumerousrol
esinav ari
etyofindust
ri
es .I
tisusedi n
archi
tec
tureasameansofexpr
essi
ngthebeautyofcompl
exit
y.Hindutemplesare
amongt hebestexamplesoff
ract
alar
chi
tectur
ethatwerebuil
tl ongbef
oret he
adventofFrac
talTheor
y.

Mandel
brotbas
edi
tont
heLat
inf
rāc
tus
,meani
ng"
brok
en"or"
frac
tur
ed"
,and

Pa
geno.
3
I
twasus ed to appl ythe c onceptof
theoreti
cal f r
act
ional di mens i
ons t o
naturalgeomet ri
cpat terns.TheFr actal
l
anguage c an be s hown us i
ng t he
Barnsley fern,a c omput er-generated
fern named aft
er Amer i
can
mat hematici
anMi chaelBarnsley. Fi
g.01-Bar
nsl
eyf
ern

Barnsleycreatedani mageoft hefernus i

ngtheiterat
edf uncti
ons y
stem (
IFS)and
onlyfourr at
hers i
mpl et r
ansf
ormationmet hods.Thebas ef orafernl
ik
eimagei s
fourdi sti
nctc onfigur ati
ons oftranslati
ng,reduc i
ng,and r otati
ng an initi
al
rectangleortr ansformi ngiti
ntoas ingleli
ne-pl ustheappr opri
atefine-tuning.
Thewhol einfor mat i
oni sreducedt oaf ew under l
yingc onst
ructi
onpr i
nciples
throughoutt hi spr oces s
,and the algori
thm bec omest he language used t o
describeFractals.

Fractal
sc an be ex plained byt heirpr opert
ies.Theseincl
ude roughness
,self
si
mi l
ari
ty,dev elopmentt hroughi t
erations,i
nfinitecomplexi
ty,dependenceon
start
ingc ondi tions,t heyar ecommont onat ur
eandt heirHausdorff di
mensi
on
exceedst heirt opol ogicaldimension.(sardar&Kulkar
ni,
2015,#)
As impli
fieddefini tionoft heHaus dorff
dimensionc anbei ll
us t
r at
edbyc ov eri
ng
as etofpoi ntsoffini teex pansionina
threedimens ionals pacewi thami nimal
number of bal ls N.R/ of r adius .R/.
Dec r
easing t he r adiuswi l
lenlarge the
number of s pher es . The Haus dorff
dimension. dH/i sthendefinedby-

Fr
om oneiterat
iont
ot henext
,thecurvegetslongerandlonger,
hencemoreand
moret wis
ted,whic
h meansi tisgetti
ng rougherf r
om iter
ati
on t
oi t
erat
ion.
Becausemathemati
calFrac
tal
sareres
ultsofinfinit
eiterat
ions
,thefinall
engthis
i
nfinite.

3.
2fr
act
alt
heor
yinr
elat
ionwi
thHi
nduCos
mol
ogyandphi
los
ophy
Accor
dingtoHi ndui
sm,t hec os mosisf ormed,des tr
oyed,andr ec
reatedi nan
i
nfinit
es eri
esofr epeated cycles,wi t
h Br ahmaast hec r
eator,Vishnu ast he
sus
tai
ner,andShivaasthedes troyer.
(Trivedi,1989,#)
Thi
stri
nit
yc omest ogether
toproduceParames hwar( Purush),theSupr emeBeingwhoi st hemani fested
for
m ofinfini
tyi
t s
elf
.Thec osmos ,accordingt oHinduphi
los
ophy,isholonomic

Pa
geno.
4
ands el
f-s
imilarincharac
t er
.Hindut emples,accordi
ngt oanc i
entarchi
tec
tural
his
tory,areembl emsoft hec osmos'model,andt hei
rf or
m depict
stheunivers
e
figurati
vely.(
Dut t
a&-,2014, #)Thi
sissi
gnificantandunav oidabl
eduetothedeep
connecti
on bet ween t
he c osmosc onceptand t he phil
osophyunderly
ing t
he
templebuildi
ng.

Thequalit
iesofhomogeneity
,is
otropy,self
-si
milarit
y,andnumer ouss ymmet ri
es
areimpli
edint hemotionofholonomy .Thesear ethev aluest
hatar esharedby
boththegeomet ri
cdevel
opmentoft empl eformsandt hephil
osophicalconcept
ofthetempl e.I
tises
senti
albecausethesefeatur esserveasthefoundat ionfor
theconceptsoftempl
es t
ruct
ureandgeomet ry
,whi chwi l
lbedi
scussedf ur
therin
theart
icl
e.

" f
Sel-s
imil
arit
y"r eferstot hephenomenoni nwhic
heachpar tisgeometri
call
y
simi
lartot het otal.Itisthef undamentalnoti
onofFractalTheory.(
sar
dar&
Kulk
arni,2015,#) Surpri
si
ngly,s
elf-
s i
mil
ari
tyi
soneofthefundamentalor
ganis
ing
conceptsinHindut empl earc
hitecture.

TheHi nduTempl eisc reatedandbui l

tas
mini aturer epr es
ent ationsoftheCos mos
asenv isi
onedbyHi nduphi l
osophyand
beliefs.
Thec osmosi sdes cribedashol onomicin
Hinduphi los ophy .
Thehol onomicnature
i
nv olves t he v i
rtues of s elf-
si
milari
ty,
homogenei ty ,isotropy ,and numer ous
symmet ries . Eac h f ragment of t he
univer seiss aidtobel i
k eahologram. Fi
g.02-Oneoft
hec
ommonpr
inc
ipl
esf
ound
i
n Hindu temple spi
res i
s c
irc
les and
3.
3Fr
act
ali
nthef
ormat
ionoft
empl
es t
urni
ng-
squar
estheme

Thehi st
oryoft heevol
ut i
onofIndianHi ndut emplesisavasts ubj
ec t.Start
ingwith
cavet emplesandprogr essi
ngtopalat i
altemplec omplexes
, allst
y l
eshav eevolved
through ex peri
mentation and error.Templ e bui
ldi
ng inI ndiaflour is
hed ina
regulatedmannerdur ingt heGupt aper i
odandaf t
erwards.(Trivedi,1989,#)The
aesthetics
ens eofintr
icacywasgr aduallycreatedbyar c
hitects,craftspeople,and
craft
er s
.Asar esul
t,Hindut emplec onstruct
ionbec ameincreas i
nglyi ntr
icat
eand
i
nc orporat
edani nnates enseoffractalgeomet ry.

3. r
4GeometyofBhumi
jat
empl
es

Bhumij
aisav ar
ietyofnort
hIndian t
emplear
chi
tec
tur
emar ked byhow t
he
rot
ati
ngsquar
e-c
irc
lepr
inc
ipl
eisappl
iedtoc
onst
ruc
ttheshi
khar
a(super
str
uct
ure

Pa
geno.
5
Fig.
03-PlanofUdayes
hwar
atempl
eshowi
ng
radi
aldi
vi
sionby28.

Pa
geno.
6
oft hepr escr
iptionsf ortheot hercomponent sof
thispl anisdiffic ult,butfortunatel
yt hesear enot
crucialdetail
sfort her emainderofthes er i
es.The
plani sdrawnatt helevelofthek huraoft hebas e:
reces ses arei nc l
uded i nt he wi dths of t he
projec ti
onsandoc curbecauset hepartsabov eare
setbac k
.
Fig.04 -The pr edominant Bhumi j
a des igns among bui l
t
ex amples ar e wi th fiv e projecti
ons and fiv e tier
s of
kut ast
ambhas ( 5/5: pancaratha, pañc abhumi), or s even
proj ec
tionsands event i
ers(7/
7:s aptaratha,saptabhumi),or
thei rst
ellat
eequi vlent
s.Thedr awi
ngs hows5/ 5(lef
t)andt he
stellat
eequi val
entof7/ 7(ri
ght).

4.
Cas
est
udy:
MenalShi
vTempl
e,Raj
ast
han,
Chi
ttor
gar
h,Jai
pur

Thecarvings ,pil
lars,pagodas ,court
y ard,scul
ptedpanel s,andot herfeaturesof
the11thc ent uryMahanal eshwart empl erepresenttheWes tIndi
ans t
yleofstone
temple architecture.A s eated stone l i
on guardst he ent r
ance,along wi t
ha
numberofdei t
iescar v
edont hewalls.ShivaandPar vatiaredepictedi nvari
ous
post
urest hroughoutt het empl e,sur roundedbydanc ers,mus i
ci
ans,gods ,and
ani
mals.Themai nMahanal eshwars hrineisconstructedofs andstone.ANandi
encl
osures tandsi nfrontofMahanal a 'smaintempl e.

Fi
g.05-Menal
Shi
vTempl
e,Raj
ast
han,
Chi
ttor
gar
h,J
aipur

Pa
geno.
7
Tur ni
ng t ot he v erti
calmeas urement s ,t he
height( upt ot her edi)ispr esc r
ibedast wi ce
the wi dth pl usf ourpar ts,i.e.t went y-four.
Thismi ghts eem l i
keagener alpr es cription,
butdoesnotwor kwel lfort heot hert ypes.
Aspec tss ether eandt obef ol l
owedf ort he
subs equents quar et ypesar et her edi bandha
heightandi tsdi visi
ons ,t
hehei ghtoft hewal l
zone( j
angha ),andabr eadt hof5% f ort he
shoul der ( sk andha ).I n t his s tudy t he
ari
t hmet icleadst ot hec onc lusiont hather e
skandhac orres pondst ot het opoft hev edi
moul ding, anel ementl ongs inc eat rophi edi n
Nagar a,andwhi c hBhumi jat empl est reati n
thes amewayasKar nataDr av idat empl esdo.
I
tisnot ablet hatVi khardast hepor t i
onf rom
the s econd bhi miup t ot he r edi ,i.e.not
i
nc ludingt hek ita( miniature( i
khar a)oft he
first bl imi.Int his way i tr ecogni ses t he
i
nt egrityoft hek utastambhas ,not vdi vor cing
thepi ll
arsf r
om t hei rminiatur elikhar as.
Nev ert
heless,the curvature ofthe s uperst
ructure
mus tbeginfrom t
heus ualplac
eatt hebaseoft hefir s
t
cornerkiy
a- act
uall
y,alitt
leoutfrom thec or
neroft he
kit
a, v
erti
call
yabovethec ornerofthek hurawheret he
squareoft enbhagasisdefined.

Fi
g.07-Dimens
ional
Fig.
06-Discr
ipti
onofBhumijat
empl
esi
nBhoj
a’
s i
nterpr
etati
onforpl
anand
samaranganasut
radhat
ara. el
evati
on.

Pa
geno.
8
Thiscur vatureisoneofpar amet ersthathav et obej uggledwi th.Ther adiusoft he
rekha( "li
ne" )ofafik hara-t hev enuk aorv enukoja( bamboos heath')-isalway s
i
nterc onnec tedwi ththebas ewi dth.height ,ands kandhawi dth.Wher et hreeof
thesef ourv ari
ablesarek nown,t hefour thi simpl i
ed.Fort heNi s
adhat ypeitis
diffic ultt o mak eev eryt
hi ngwor kper f
ect l
y.Ther adiusi sgivenast hewi dth
mul t
iplied by 42.i .
e.45 bhagas ,gi vi
ng a hei ght of 14. 05 bhagas .One
i
nterpr etationf ortheel ev ati
on( 5.6lef t
,i ncludingt hev arandikai nthet hree
bhagaspr escri
bedf orthefir s
tk i
ta"withav arandika")wor ksperfectlyforahei ght
of24. Butt heSi kharaisr
at hers l
enderi nc ompar ionwi ththeot hert ypes,andt he
prescribedr adiuswoul dhav et obegin, anomal ous ly
,att hefootoft hes econd

Pa
geno.
9
 Fig.10 -Thec i
rcl
esar ound the
circ
le and it
sappl i
cat
ion (l
eft)
,
Nes ted s
quaresand s temming
from t he t angents( middle)
,
geomet ri
cal analysi
s of t he
templ e(r
ight)
.

Star
ting di
agram fors t
ell
ateBhumi j
atemple.The
geomet r
icstarti
ngpointforBhūmij
at empl
esisthe
square.I
tsprimarydiv
isi
onisintoa10x10gr i
d,and
aninner6x6s quar
eisall
ocatedtothegar
bhagrha.
i

Radi
aldivi
si
on int
o Diamet
er of
smal
lci
rcl
e=2.75bhagas

1. Mos t of the lotus cons

tructi
on is
suppres
s ed,l
eavi
ngthecir
cleofvis
hnuand
thesquareofbrahmainharmony .
thereare
now ni ne points av
ail
able for furt
her
devel
opment .
2.Shi
vaisdrawni
nit
smini
mum v er
sion.Thi
s
toolprovi
desthemeanst o equi
-part
iti
on 1.
thesquarei
ntoagri
d.

2. 3.Thesquar
eoft hegar
bhagrihai
screated
now.Inbhumij
atemplesitss
ideistypi
call
y
si
xt ent
hs of t
he side of t
he founding
squar
e.

4.On t he upperand l owerl i

nesoft he 3.
squareandt ot heleftandther ightofthe
verti
calcentrall
ine,f
ourpair
soft hepoint
s
arejoined wi t
hs hortli
nessegment sand
4. their mi d-
points ar e disc
ov ered. the
cir
cum-circl
eoft hesquarei
salsodr awn.

5.Theconstr
ucti
onl
inesar
es uppressedand
asshown,apairofv
erti
call
inesisproduced
5.
toint
ersec
tthetopofthecircumcir
cle.
6.The28point
sdi
str
ibut
edev
enl
yar
ound
6. theci
rcl
ear
ejoi
ned
Pa
geno.
10
 7.Largepar
tsofthebodi
esoft
hes quar
e
aresuppr
ess
ed,l
eavi
ngonl
ythek
arnas.
8. Fol
lowi
ng square s y
mmet r
y ,t hese
bhadr
as are c
onstruct
ed. in the bui l
t
st
ruct
ure,t
here would be t
hree bhadras
onl
yasoneneedt ober emovedtoper mit
7. humanentr
y. 8.
Fi
g.11-Geomet r
iccons
truc
tionoft
hepl
anof
Sat
asrnapr
asadah.

5.Reasonsbehi
ndt
heus eoff
rac
tal
geomet r
y i n hi ndu t emple
archi
tectur
e.

The f ol
lowing ar
es ome probable
reasons behind t
he use ofFrac
tal
Geomet ry i n Hi ndu t empl e
archi
tecture.

a)Itmaybear gued thatpr acti

sing
fr
actal
si s nothing mor et han t he
i
mplicati
on of a s ense of
completeness,bec aus
et hec oncept
offr
ac t
alsi
sthatofpar ttowhol e
andwhol etopar t.

b)The Hindu phil

osophi
calconc
eptof" one
amongall,al
lisone"isentir
elysuppor
tedby
fr
act
altheory
.Itc
reatesasens
eofoneness(t
he
conc
eptof
Atman)
.
c
)Itcanprov
ideas
ens
eofs
truc
tur
alaswel
las
v
isual
str
ength.
d)Thedes i
gn'
sself
-si
mil
arfeat
uresrepeat
edly
andgr adual
lyl
urevi
sit
orsand
pil
grimst othi
nkaboutitandgenerateac l
ear
fr
ameofmi ndwithaholi
sti
c
vi
sion.
e)Sel
f-
si
mil
arrepeti
ti
onins t
ruc
tur
egener
ates
el
ementandformidenti
ty.

Pa
geno.
11
f
)Exper
imentati
onmayals
ohavec
ontr
ibutedtot
heevol
uti
onandr
eal
i
sat
ionof
f
rac
talt
heoryinHindut
emplec
onst
ruc
tionovert
ime.
g)Theterm"sel
f-s
imil
ar"s
ymbol i
sesmodular
it
y .Asaresul
t,i
tgeneratesthes
ame
kindofworkwiththesamemodul es,s
avingr
es ourc
es.Localr
esources,
craft
smanshi
p,andti
meal l
owf ortheproduc
tionoflargeprojec
ts,
suc has
temples
,withi
nthesamer egi
on.

h)Making i
dent
icalpi
eceson ar
egul
arbas
isbec
omesahabi
t,and pr
act
ise
per
fec
tstheexecuti
on.
i
)Fr
actal
geomet ry
,fr
om anaes
thet
icper
spec
tiv
e,c
reat
es"
orderi
nchaos
"so
t
heref
ore"beautyincompl
exi
ty.
"
(
sar
dar&Kulkarni
,2015,#)

6.
Conc
lus
ion:

I
n ac cordance wi th anc i
ent archit
ec tur altradi
tions,t he us e of r ec
ur sive
proceduresinvolvi
ngs elf
-si
milarit
erationandf ract
alizat
ionint heconstructionof
Hindut empleshasr es ul
tedint hedev elopmentofadi s t
inctarchit
ecturals t
y l
e.
Thisarchit
ecturalgenr e'sformi sther es ultofanat t
emptt oex pressc ertai
n
conceptsofHinduphi l
osophyaboutt hec os mosthroughas ymbolicvocabularyof
formsandc onstructi
onpr ocedureswit hsy mbol i
csi
gni ficance.Theyares i
gnificant
i
nt ermsofhowf ractalgeomet r
yisusedt oc onveys peci
ficmeani ngsthrought he
resul
tantform,aswel lasbeingv eryinter esti
ngex amplesoff r
actalgeomet r
yin
man-madeobj ec ts
.

Thec onceptoffract
aldimension,whic
hliesbetweent hec onventi
onalone,two,
ort hr
eedimens i
ons,isproposedbyf r
actalgeometry.Noonewhohass eenthe
maj es
tyofHindut emplescandenyt hattheyexpressas piri
tualquali
ty,per
haps
giv
ingt hevi
eweragl i
mps eoft hespi
ri
tualdimens
ionst hatmayex istbeyondthe
threedimensionsofthephy s
icalworl
d.

7.
Fut
ures
cope:

ThisFract
aldimensi
onsoft empl escanbeus edtodesi
gnmodul arproduct
sand
str
uctures;suc
hasas ,bricks
,tiles,inter
locki
ngpavementbl oc
ks,cl
addingand
flooringpatter
ns,j
aalidesi
gns,Carpent ryjoi
ntsandfur
nitur
e,evenforhabi
tabl
e
spacedesignoftempor ar
yshelters,pre-f
abri
c at
edcons
tructi
on,Anddeployabl
e
str
uctures.

Ast emplesar
ev erycomplexparametr
icstr
uctur
ec ons
truc
tedus i
ngas i
ngle
si
mpl e model
,Thisfr
actalgeometri
cpropert
yoft emplescan gener
ate new
parametri
cdesi
gnswhichwil
lbest
ableaswell
.
Pa
geno.
12
Ref
erenc
es:

Adam.(2015)
.Theoryandpract
iceoft
emplearc
hitec
tur
einmediev
alIndi
a(1s
ted.
,Vol.
1).
I
ndir
a GandhiNat i
onalcenterf ort
he art
s Centr
alvis
ta,J
anpath,New delhi
.ISBN
13:
9789381406410

Datt
a,S.(2010,September15) .Infinit
e Sequencesinthe Const
ruc
tiv
e GeometryOf
Tent
h-Cent
uryHinduTempl eSuperstr
uctur
es.SchoolofArc
hitec
tur
eandBuildi
ng,12(
3),
471-
483.10.
1007/s00004-
010-0038-0

Dutt
a,D.,&-,A.(2014)
.Symbol
isminHinduTempleArchi
tec
tureandFrac
talGeometr
y-
'
ThoughtBehindForm'.
Int
ernat
ional
Journal
ofSc
ienceandResear
ch(I
JSR),3,
489-
497.

ht
tps:
//
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esearchgate.
net
/publi
cati
on/329058485_Sy
mbol i
sm_i
n_Hi
ndu_Templ
e_Ar
c
hi
tec
ture_
and_Frac
tal_Geometr
y_-_
'Thought_Behi
nd_Form'/
cit
ati
on/
download

goud,S.(2016)
.PARAMETRI
ZINGI NDIANKARNAT A-DRAVI
DATEMPLEUSI
NGGEOMETRY.
BMSSc hoolofArc
hit
ect
ure,
Yelahanka,Bangal
ore,
Indi
a,42.

J
.,M.
(2021)
.Di
git
alt
echni
quesf
orher
it
agepr
eser
vat
ion.

Kak
,S.(2005).Earl
yIndi
anAr
chi
tec
tur
eandAr
t.Mi
grat
ion&Di
ffus
ion-Ani
nter
nat
ional
j
ournal
,6(23)
,6-27.

Lor
enz,W.E.(n.
d.)
.Frac
talDi
mens
ionasaConnec
tionBetweenFrac
talGeometr
yand
Arc
hit
ect
ure. Fr act
al Geomet ry of Ar c
hitec
tur
e, ( Chapter 9) , 22.
10.
1007/
978-
3-642-
11934-79,

Mei
ster
,M.
W.(
1983)
.Geomet
ryandMeas
urei
nIndi
anTempl
ePl
ans
:Rec
tangul
arTempl
es.

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ti
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44(
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266-
296.
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ps:
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tabl
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Parmar,S.P.
,& Mi
shra,D.P.(2020,June)
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vat
ion
Str
uctures
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epWel
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a.55.
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Rian,I
.M. ,&Park,J
.H.(2007).Fractalgeometr
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n
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aMahadevt emple,Khajur
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y,Sout
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ldenv
.2007.01.028

sar
dar,D.,&Kul
karni
,S.Y.(
2015,May)
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alGeometr
yi nI
ndi
anHinduTempl
e
Archi
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Tri
vedi,K.(
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geno.
13