Rate and Ratio

rate =
兩個單位的除數

8 km / h 每 1 時 8 公
egg

$ 24 ( 每 1 個橙 24 蚊
range

打r

單位唔同要轉 18 唱 ete .
James ran 1 o0 m in Jo secmd
rate
Find his speed kmlh
i

的
.

所以睇清題 問咩 100 m = 0 .
1 km

lo s =
台 mins = 侯 hours

=
3b 8 hours

1
. :
speed rate
=

0 . 1 ÷ 360
= 36 km /h

不如果先界在 要睇搵單 with

*

,
te car ael I2 km /h

d conld ravels
Haw
Img 批 distane 化 in 2hars ? E
=
rateX後 個單位
前 要搵重野
72 × 2 =
144 km

eeds he travels 4 f km )
b) How
lmg dres 化
hen Car

48 ÷ 72 = 0
. 75 h
住÷ 時間 速率
距離 =
速率 x 時間

距鍵率 =
時間
小
。
。
。
面
面
里
一
目
 Ratio 比

AA 比 定同單位 ( 量度單位 )

1 : 2 m = 2 cm
/
$ 1 $
s 1
/
:

相同單位的除數 1 g
kg :

步 )
: x= 1
Y
.
= : 2

Ex 1 X : 2 =
3 =
20

量 =
意
# ndx
x = 吾

步号
Ex
2
x 2=3
Y
= =

打
EX 3
3X 2 也有 ratio
y
=

步 号
x 3
Y
= = 2:
口
。
一
言
片
 Finding 3 ratio

a : b = 1 = 2
b
- : c = 4 =
7

F的 d a: b: C

a= b : c
ㄨ LG.Y .
的 2
,
4 =
千
ㄚ

2: 4 =
7

①
Hermans and mspectively
'
Let Adais Iven s be A H I
,
age , ,

3 : 4 X 2

A : H :
I 1 : = * 6
3 :
4 6 : 8 : 12

L 22

>~ 4 ^

回 “^ % …
…
3 4
1 : 2

3 = 4 :
6

Adais . Hemam'
s
to Ivens 3 4 6
age age
t :
age
: = :

多有幾份
b>
78 x 花 4+ 6 的 tota ) 份數

=
36

Iven is t性 eldest and his is 36

. : age .
一
。
𠯻
 a 16 9 . : 12

b) sum 的 A B
,
is 100

16
上
A 100 ×
B 10 o
× 16+9
16 + 9
= :

= 4936

B C
:
=
q =
12

B+ e = 36 + 48
C : 36 ÷ 9 X 12
= 84 n
=
48

A : B: C = 16 9
. = 12

① let A
,
B ,
C be 16 K ,
9k ,
12 k
ruspectiely ,
kto .

16 K +9 K = 100

25 k = 100
K =
4

:. B+ C =
9k + 12 k

= 2 lk

= 21 × 4
=
84 11
 lel distance
在

K比tweewtw. spitals th =

y
m
wap
的 cm

4 21cm ) 140000
Y cm : .
= :

4 2 100* l00 1 Mooor

Y
: .
× = .

y 1

=
420000 140000

舞
Y
=

= 3
y

requiudfance 3
=
下 的 cm

b) a… = km

夏= vv

λ= 700000

( 00000
= .

quind distanee = ÷ 1000 ÷ 100

=
1km

A^ suq
 ㄨt
dieey 成正比
proportmel 的
\

verse
proprt的 al 反比
time takea
23 ,
204 ÷ 68

=
3 hours

equimd distanee I5 x 3
=

= 225 km
wrking houns

反比題
打 5 d
ays

25 3 5 i5
days
x 2 ÷
days
i5
在|wmk hmre
所
6 ) 累 總 作量
days ①
=

↓
井② 再平均分配

30 ÷ 6 = 5
days

27 .

在 年

↑
let
apeamy 7
kand 6 k

λ Y
4 (3 x ) =
3[ 2x + )
y y
-

x+
y
x
Y
=
-

12 × - =6
4
y
xBy

璺
6x =

Iy

=
x 7 6
y
=

早
= :

∞
5a
60
=
= 13 :
1

告
a=b: [ =
6:5 :
φ

qrb =
6 :
a C : = 3 : 2
。
、。
》
鬥
弓
工
一
Book 2B Lesson Worksheet 7A (Refer to §7.1)

7.1 Rate

A rate is a comparison of two quantities of different kinds by division.

It usually has a unit.
e.g. (a) Patrick runs 8 m per second.
Running speed = 8 m/s
(b) 3 cups of ice cream are sold at $60.
$60
Price rate = = $20/cup
3 cups

1. Express the following rates with the units given in brackets.

Situation Rate
( ) beds
(a) There are 10 beds in 2 rooms. (beds/room) =( ) beds/room
( ) rooms
( )
(b) 6 cans of coke are sold at $42. ($/can) =
( )
A printer can produce 90 pages in 5 minutes.
(c)
(pages/min)
After 4 months, a plant grows 60 cm taller.
(d)
(cm/month)
Ex 7A 1–4

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

3 dozen eggs are sold at $54. Find the price A company receives 182 phone calls in
rate of the eggs in 2 weeks. Find the frequency of phone calls in
(a) $/dozen eggs, (a) calls/week,
(b) $/egg. (b) calls/day.
$54 ( ) calls
Sol!(a) Price rate = Sol!(a) Frequency =
3 dozen eggs ( ) weeks
= $18/dozen eggs =
$54
(b) Price rate = (b) Frequency = 1 week
3 dozen eggs = days
$54
=
3 × 12 eggs
= $1.5/egg

3
2. The selling price of 3 boxes of cereal is 3. A train travels 9 000 m in 15 minutes. Find
$120. Each box is of 2 kg. Find the price the speed of the train in
rate of the cereal in (a) m/min, (b) km/h.
(a) $/box, (b) $/kg. !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! Ex 7A 10–14

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

The typing speed of Kelly is 60 words/min. Chicken wings are sold at $35/kg. Find the
How many words can she type in 3 minutes? selling price of a pack of 4 kg chicken wings.
Sol!Number of words Sol!Selling price
= 60 × 3 =( )×( )
= 180 =

4. Samuel works 8 hours a day. If his wage 5. Mandy swims at a speed of 2.5 m/s. How
rate is $46/h, find his wage in a day. far does she swim in 1 minute?!
! !
! !
! !
! !
! Ex 7A 6, 7!

6. A machine produces chopsticks at a rate of 7. Suppose the exchange rate between H.K.
200 pairs/h. How many hours does it take dollars and U.S. dollars is 7.8 HKD/USD.
to produce 1 200 pairs of chopsticks? How many U.S. dollars can 117 H.K.
! dollars be changed to?! It means that 7.8
HKD
! !
can be changed to
! ! 1 USD.
! !
! !
! !
! !
! Ex 7A 8, 9!

4
  ‘Explain Your Answer’ Questions
8. 4 red pens are sold for $35 and 10 blue pens are sold for $52. On average, which type of pens
is more expensive? Explain your answer.

Price rate of red pens =

Price rate of blue pens =

! $ (>/=/<)$
" On average, (red / blue) pens are more expensive.

9. The download count of software A in a week is 4 130 while the download count of software B
in 15 days is 8 550. Is the daily download rate of software A higher than that of software B?
Explain your answer.

 Level Up Question
10. The water temperature in a cooking pot rises at a rate of 2.6°C/min.
(a) Find the time taken for the water temperature to rise by 65°C.
(b) By how many °C does the water temperature rise in half an hour?

5
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 2B

7 Rate and Ratio

Consolidation Exercise 7A 
Level 1
Express the following rates with the units given in brackets. [Nos. 1−
−4]
1. There are 36 balls in 3 bags. (balls/bag)

2. There are 200 needles in 5 boxes. (needles/box)

3. The total weight of 20 pencils is 180 g. (g/pencil)

4. Tom finishes 30 questions in 15 min. (questions/min)

5. Complete the table below.

Distance Time Speed
(a) 200 m 10 s
(b) 280 km 140 km/s
(c) 4 min 20 m/min

6. Some candies are sold at $36/kg. How much is 0.5 kg candies?

7. The salary of a worker is $42/hour. What is his salary after working for 5 hours?

8. Regina is reading a comic book and her reading rate is 2 pages/min. If there are 70 pages in the book,
how long will she take to finish reading the book?

9. The petrol consumption rate of a car is 20 km/L. How much petrol is consumed by the car in
travelling 50 km?

10. Two dozen eggs are sold at $48. Find the price rate in $/egg.

11. Henry can draw 30 circles in 20 seconds. Find his rate of drawing circles in circles/min.

12. The selling price of 3 bottles of 2L-lemon tea is $60. Find the price rate of the lemon tea in the
following units.
(a) $/bottle (b) $/L

13. A shop is open 6 days a week and 50 weeks a year. If the weekly profit of the shop is $6 000, find the
(a) daily profit, (b) annual profit.
14. A peak tram finishes a journey of 1.4 km in 8 minutes. Find its speed in the following units.
(a) m/min (b) km/h
6
 Level 2
15. A computer program can run 42 times in 12 minutes.
(a) How long does it take to run the program 7 times?
(b) How many times can the program run in 2 hours?

16. The price of 15 apples is $90.

(a) Find the price rate in $/apple.
(b) Sally has $150. Does she have enough money to buy two dozen apples? Explain your answer.

17. Robot T walks 1 980 m in 11 minutes.

(a) Find the walking speed of Robot T in
(i) m/s, (ii) km/h.
1
(b) Robot U walks 3 km in hour. Which robot, T or U, has a higher walking speed? Explain your
4
answer.

18. In shop A, the price of 6 oranges is $21. In shop B, the price of 8 oranges is $32.
(a) Find the price rate of the oranges in each shop in $/orange.
(b) The oranges in shop B are now sold at a discount of 15%. Steven wants to buy oranges with the
lower price rate. Which shop, A or B, should he visit? Explain your answer.

19. There are 1 840 books in a library. A librarian starts to sort all the books. It is known that he has sorted
120 books in the first 30 minutes.
(a) Find his rate of sorting books in books/h.
(b) If he continues to sort books at this rate, can he finish the rest of the books in the next
7 hours? Explain your answer.

20. Suppose 202.5 Thailand Bahts are equivalent to 45 H.K. dollars.

(a) Find the exchange rate between Thailand Bahts and H.K. dollars in Thailand Bahts/HKD.
(b) How many Thailand Bahts can 140 H.K. dollars be changed to?
(c) How many H.K. dollars can 172.8 Thailand Bahts be changed to?

21. A ship sails 125 km in 150 minutes.

(a) Find the speed of the ship in km/h.
(b) How many hours does it take to travel 90 km?

(c) If the speed of the ship is decreased by 3 m/s, how many kilometres can it travel in
120 minutes?

7
Consolidation Exercise 7A (Answer)
1. 12 balls/bag 14. (a) 175 m/min
2. 40 needles/box (b) 10.5 km/h
3. 9 g/pencil 15. (a) 2 min
4. 2 questions/min (b) 420
5. Distance Time Speed 16. (a) $6/apple
(b) yes
(a) 200 m 10 s 20 m/s 17. (a) (i) 3 m/s
(b) 280 km 2s 140 km/s (ii) 10.8 km/h
(b) U
(c) 80 m 4 min 20 m/min
18. (a) shop A: $3.5/orange, shop B: $4/orange
6. $18 (b) B
7. $210 19. (a) 240 books/h
8. 35 min (b) no
9. 2.5 L 20. (a) 4.5 Thailand Bahts/HKD
10. $2/egg (b) 630 Thailand Bahts
11. 90 circles/min (c) 38.4 HKD
12. (a) $20/bottle 21. (a) 50 km/h
(b) $10/L (b) 1.8 h
13. (a) $1 000 (c) 78.4 km
(b) $300 000

8
Book 2B Lesson Worksheet 7B (Refer to §7.2)

7.2A Meaning of Ratio

(a) A ratio is a comparison of two quantities of the same kind by division.
It has no unit.
p
(b) A ratio of a quantity p to a quantity q can be written as p : q or ,  Note that
q p:q≠q:p
where p, q ≠ 0 and they are called the terms of the ratio. in general.

e.g. Ratio of the lengths of A to B

= 3 cm : 5 cm 5 cm
 3 3 cm
= 3 : 5  or   Cancel out the units.
 5 A B

1. Determine whether each of the following is a ratio.

If yes, put a ‘’ in the box and express the ratio in the form of p : q in the space provided.
If not, put a ‘’ in the box. Are the two
$8 9 L quantities of the
(a)  (b) same kind? 
$11 4s
17 cm 2 kg
(c)  (d) 
50 1g 2 kg =
g
7.2B Properties of Ratio
(a) If k ≠ 0, then
a b
(i) a : b = a × k : b × k (ii) a : b = :
k k
(b) A ratio p : q is in its simplest form if both p and q are integers and
they have no common factor other than 1.
e.g. 3 : 2 is in its simplest form but 6 : 4 is not.

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

Simplify the following ratios. Simplify the following ratios.
1 1 1 2
(a) 21 : 12 (b) : (a) 30 : 36 (b) :
3 2 5 3
Sol!(a)!! 21 : 12 Divide each term by the Sol!(a)!! 30 : 36
21 12 H.C.F. of 21 and 12, i.e. 30 36
= : 3. = :
3 3 ( ) ( )
=7:4 We call 21 : 12 and 7 : =
4 two equal ratios. 1 2
1 1 (b)!! :
(b)!! :
3 2 5 3
1 1 Multiply each term 1 2
= × 6: × 6 by the L.C.M. of 3 = ×( ): ×( )
3 2 5 3
and 2, i.e. 6.
=2:3 =

11
2. Simplify the following ratios.
8 40 2 3
(a) 8 : 40 = : (e) 3 : = 3=
( ) ( ) 5 1
=

Convert both
terms
(b) 20 : 15 = into integers first.
(f) 3.3 : 2.7 = 3.3 × 10 : 2.7 × 10
= 33 : ( )
33 ( )
= :
( ) ( )
=
1 1 1 1
(c) : = ×( ): ×( )
2 7 2 7
=
(g) 0.6 : 0.12 = 0.6 × ( ) : 0.12 × ( )
1 5 =
(d) : =
4 8

!
Ex 7B 1

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

Simplify 1 m : 50 cm. Simplify 20 s : 1 min.
Sol! 1 m : 50 cm Sol! 20 s : 1 min
Express both terms
= 100 cm : 50 cm in the same unit first. = 20 s : ( )s
= 100 : 50 Cancel out the =
100 50 unit.
= :
50 50
=2:1

3. Simplify 2 kg : 800 g. 4. Simplify 1.5 cm : 65 mm.

! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !

Ex 7B 2

12
Example 3 Instant Drill 3
If x : 12 = 3 : 4, find x. If 5 : 6 = 25 : y, find y.
Sol!x : 12 = 3 : 4 Sol!! 5 : 6 = 25 : y
x 3 a 5 ( )
= a:b= =
12 4 b ( ) ( )
3
x= × 12 =
4
=9

Find the unknowns in the following ratios. [Nos. 5–6]

5. (y – 2) : 9 = 2 : 3 6. 5 : a = 20 : (a + 3)
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! Ex 7B 4, 5!

In each of the following, x and y are non-zero numbers. Find x : y. [Nos. 7–8]
Rewrite it as x
7. 5x = 8y 8. – 4y = 0
x ? 3
! ‘ = ’.
y ? !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex 7B 6, 7!

9. There are 80 pets in a pet shop, of which 32 are dogs and the rest are cats.
(a) Find the ratio of the number of dogs to the total number of pets.
(b) Find the ratio of the number of dogs to the number of cats.

Ex 7B 11–13

13
7.2C Three-term Ratio

(a) A ratio of three quantities a, b, c (a three-term ratio) can be expressed as

a : b !: c .
e.g. Consider a : b : c = 5 : 2 : 4. We have:
(i) a : b = 5 : 2 a : b : c = 5 : 2 : 4
(ii) b : c = 2 : 4, i.e. 1 : 2 a : b : c = 5 : 2 : 4
(iii) a : c = 5 : 4 a : b : c = 5 : 2 : 4

(b) If k ≠ 0, then
a b c
(i) a : b : c = a × k : b × k : c × k (ii) a : b : c = : :
k k k

Example 4 Instant Drill 4

Simplify the following ratios. Simplify the following ratios.
1 1 1 2 1 2
(a) 2 : 10 : 4 (b) : : (a) 16 : 8 : 4 (b) : :
4 3 2 3 6 9
Sol!(a)!! 2 : 10 : 4 H.C.F. of 2, 10 and Sol !(a)!! 16 : 8 : 4
2 10 4 4 16 8 4
= : : 2 = : :
2 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
=1:5:2 =
1 1 1 L.C.M. of 4, 3 and 2 2 1 2
(b)!! : : = 12 (b)! : :
4 3 2 3 6 9
1 1 1 2 1 2
= × 12 : × 12 : × 12 = ×( ): × ( ): ×( )
4 3 2 3 6 9
=3:4:6 =

10. Simplify the following ratios.

(a) 20 : 25 : 40 (c) 42 L : 21 L : 63 L
20 25 40
= : : =
( ) ( ) ( )
=

(b) 0.6 : 1.5 : 2.7 (d) 300 m : 3 km : 900 m Express all the
terms in the
= = same unit first.

!
Ex 7B 3

14
 We can combine two ratios to form a three-term ratio.
e.g. Suppose p : q = 1 : 3 and q : r = 3 : 4.  p: q: r
1: 3
We have p : q : r = 1 : 3 : 4. 3: 4
1: 3: 4

Example 5
common term
If a : b = 4 : 3 and b : c = 2 : 1, find a : b : c. a:b: c
4:3 Make them the same by
2 : 1 considering their
L.C.M.

Sol !Method 1 L.C.M. of 3 and 2 = 6 Method 2

3×( ) = 6, 2 × ( )= a:b = 4 : 3 ×
6 ×
×
a:b = 4×2 : 3×2 =8:6 b:c= 2 : 1
b:c= 2×3 : 1×3 = 6:3 a:b:c= 2×4 : 2×3 : 1×3
" a:b:c=8:6:3 = 8 : 6 : 3

Instant Drill 5 a:b: c

2:5
If a : b = 2 : 5 and b : c = 4 : 3, find a : b : c. 4:3

Sol !Method 1 L.C.M. of 5 and 4 = Method 2

a:b =2 × ( ) :5 × ( ) =( ): ( ) a:b = 2 : 5 ×
×
×
b:c= 4×( ):3 × ( )= ( ): ( ) b:c= 4 : 3
" a:b:c= a:b:c=( ):( ):( )
=

11. If a : b = 5 : 6 and b : c = 9 : 2, find a : b : c.

! Method 1 L.C.M. of 6 and 9 = Method 2
a:b =5 × ( ) :6 × ( ) = a:b = 5 : 6
b:c= 9×( ):2 × ( )= b:c= 9 : 2
" a:b:c= a:b:c=

Simplify the
ratio if possible.

12. If a : b = 6 : 1 and a : c = 4 : 5, find a : b : c. a:b: c

6:1
4: 5

Ex 7B 8
15
7.2D Dividing a Quantity in a Given Ratio

Example 6 Instant Drill 6

(a) Divide 24 in the ratio of 1 : 2. (a) Divide 100 kg in the ratio of 3 : 2.
(b) Divide 40 m in the ratio of 4 : 3 : 1. (b) Divide $63 in the ratio of 2 : 6 : 1.
Sol !(a)! 24 Sol !(a)! 100 kg

1 ( )
First portion = 24 × First portion = 100 × kg
1+ 2 ( )+( )
1 ( )
= 24 × = 100 × kg
3 ( )
=8 =
2
Second portion = 24 × Second portion =
1+ 2
2
= 24 ×
3
= 16
!
!
(b) ! (b)
40 m $63

4 ( )
First portion = 40 × m First portion = $63 ×
4 + 3 +1 ( )+( )+( )
4 ( )
= 40 × m = $63 ×
8 ( )
= 20 m =
3
Second portion = 40 × m Second portion =
4 + 3 +1
3
= 40 × m
8
= 15 m
1
Third portion = 40 × m Third portion =
4 + 3 +1
1
= 40 × m
8
=5m

13. Andrew and Belle share a 400 g steak in 14. Carl and Donna jointly donate a sum of

16
 the ratio of 3 : 1. How much does Andrew $3 500 in the ratio of 5 : 2. How much
get? does Carl donate?

( )
Andrew’s share = 400 × g
( )+( )

15. The numbers of wins, losses and draws of 16. A ribbon is divided into two parts in the
a football team are in the ratio of 7 : 2 : 3. ratio of 7 : 3. If the larger part is 56 cm
If the team played 36 matches altogether, long, what is the total length of the ribbon?
how many matches did the team draw? x cm

larger part (56 cm)

Let x cm be the total length of the ribbon.

( )
x× = 56
( )+( )

Ex 7B 17, 18, 22

17. A drink is made by mixing honey and 18. Flora, Gina and Helen share a box of
green tea in the ratio of 2 : 13. If the drink cookies in the ratio 5 : 3 : 1. If Gina gets
contains 40 mL of honey, find the total 18 cookies, find the total number of
volume of the drink. cookies in the box.
! !

!
!
!
!
!
!
Ex 7B 19–21!
 ‘Explain Your Answer’ Question

17
19. Vivian is 25 years old and Wallace is 15 years old now.
(a) Find the ratio of Vivian’s age to Wallace’s age.
(b) Will the ratio of their ages change after 5 years? Explain your answer.

(a) The required ratio =

(b) 5 years later, Vivian will be _____ years old and Wallace will be _____ years old.

" The ratio (will / will not) change after 5 years.

 Level Up Questions
20. If 2x + 4y = 7y – 3x, find x : y.

21. It is given that the ratio of Jason’s weight to Roy’s weight is 1 : 3, and the ratio of Sam’s
weight to Roys’s weight is 7 : 6.
(a) Find the ratio Sam’s weight : Jason’s weight : Roy’s weight.
(b) If Jason weighs 20 kg, find the total weight of Sam, Jason and Roy.

New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 2B

18
7 Rate and Ratio

Consolidation Exercise 7B 
Level 1
Complete the following table and give the answers in the simplest form. [Nos. 1−
−3]
1. x y x:y
(a) 2 10
(b) 21 6
1 1
(c)
3 4

2. x y x:y
(a) 250 mL 1L
(b) 0.8 kg 30 g
1
(c) km 500 m
4

3. x y z x:y:z
(a) 5 45 30
(b) 40 12 28
(c) 14 cm 56 mm 35 mm

4. Find the unknowns in the following ratios.

(a) a : 3 = 27 : 9 (b) 5 : b = 10 : 20

5. Find the unknowns in the following ratios.

(a) 4 : (x − 1) = 32 : 8 (b) (y + 1) : 14 = (y + 6) : 21

6. In each of the following, a and b are non-zero numbers. Find a : b.

(a) 7a = b (b) 3a − 4b = 0

7. In each of the following, x and y are non-zero numbers. Find x : y.

x y 2x y
(a) = (b) − =0
5 3 9 4

19
8. In each of the following, find x : y : z.
(a) x : y = 1 : 2 and y : z = 2 : 5
(b) x : y = 1 : 9 and y : z = 3 : 1
(c) x : y = 4 : 3 and x : z = 8 : 1
(d) x : z = 3 : 2 and y : z = 7 : 6

In each of the following, divide the given quantity in the ratio as indicated. [Nos. 9−
−10]
9. (a) Divide 35 in the ratio 1 : 6.
(b) Divide $20 in the ratio 3 : 2.
(c) Divide 180 g in the ratio 4 : 5.

10. (a) Divide 10 in the ratio 1 : 2 : 2.

(b) Divide 80 cm in the ratio 1 : 5 : 4.
(c) Divide 270 mL in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4.

11. The weight of a dog is 15 kg while the weight of a cat is 13.5 kg. Find the ratio of the weight of the
dog to that of the cat.

12. Among 150 towels in a box, 100 of them are black and the rest are white. Find the ratio of the number
of black towels to that of white towels.

13. In a test, the ratio of Joe’s score to Tom’s score is 5 : 2 and the ratio of Tom’s score to Ken’s score is 4 :
3. Find the ratio of Joe’s score to Tom’s score to Ken’s score.

14. In the figure, PQR is a straight wire.

Find the following ratios of lengths.

(a) PQ : QR
(b) PR : QR
(c) PR : QR : PQ

15. The height of building A is 52 m. Building B is 12 m lower than building A, while building C is 20 m
higher than building A. Find the ratio of the height of building A to that of building B to that of
building C.

16. A special drink is made by mixing orange juice and soda water in the ratio 2 : 1 by volume. Find the
volume of orange juice required to produce 750 mL of the special drink.

17. In a school, there are 1 044 students. If the ratio of the number of boys to that of girls is 5 : 7, how
many boys and girls are there in the school?

20
18. There are 168 red balls and some green balls in a bag. The ratio of the number of red balls to that of
green balls is 3 : 4. Find the total number of balls in the bag.

19. Eason, Fred and George share a pack of game cards in the ratio 5 : 9 : 2. If Eason gets 35 game cards,
find the total number of game cards in the pack.

20. In a triangle, the lengths of the three sides are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. If the length of the shortest side is
18 cm, find the perimeter of the triangle.

Level 2
21. A bottle of cleaning agent is formed by dissolving 2 g of bleach powder in 0.2 kg of water.
(a) What is the ratio of the weight of bleach to that of water in the bottle of cleaning agent?
(b) What is the ratio of the weight of bleach to that of the cleaning agent?

22. Find x : y in each of the following.

(a) 5x + 8y = 6x + 7y (b) (x + 4y) : (5x + 2y) = 1 : 2

23. Find x : y in each of the following.

1 1 1 3
(a) : =2:3 (b) : =1:2
x y 2x y

24. If x : y = 4 : 3, find
1 1
(a) : , (b) (x + 2y) : (2x − y).
x y

25. If a : b = 1 : 2 and b : c = 1 : 3, find

(a) c : a, (b) (c − 2a) : (a + b).

26. In each of the following, find a : b : c.

(a) a = 2b and b = 4c (b) 10a = 5b = c

27. It is given that a : b : c = 1 : 6 : 2. Find the values of a and c in each of the following cases.
(a) b = 90 (b) a + c = 36

28. In a swimming race, the speeds of Leo and Nick are 150 m/min and 2 m/s respectively. Find the ratio
of the speed of Leo to that of Nick.

29. Winnie and Shirley share a pack of candies in the ratio 3 : 7. If Shirley gets 16 candies more than
Winnie does, find the total number of candies in the pack.

21
30. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle and AB : AD = 7 : 6. If AB is 5 cm
longer than AD, find the area of ABCD.

31. There are 27 Chinese books and some English books on a bookshelf. The numbers of Chinese books
and English books are in the ratio 3 : 7.
(a) How many English books are there?
(b) Ben takes 18 Chinese books and 18 English books away from the bookshelf. He then claims that
the ratio of Chinese books to English books on the bookshelf is still 3 : 7.
Do you agree? Explain your answer.

32. Some cows are shared among 3 farmers A, B and C such that A’s share : B’s share = 3 : 2 and B’s
share : C’s share = 3 : 1.
(a) Find the ratio A’s share : B’s share : C’s share.
(b) It is given that B gets 48 cows. Find the total number of cows being shared.

33. The price of a green apple is $6 and the price of a red apple is $10. James buys some green and red
apples in the ratio 5 : 3. How many apples does he buy if he spends $360 in total?

34. In the figure, the height of ABC is h cm with AB as the base.

D is a point on AB such that AD : DB = 2 : 5. Let AB = x cm.
(a) Express the area of ABC in terms of x and h.
(b) Find the ratio of the area of ADC to that of DBC to
that of ABC.

22
Consolidation Exercise 7B (Answer)
1. x y x:y 12. 2 : 1
13. 10 : 4 : 3
(a) 2 10 1:5
14. (a) 3 : 2
(b) 21 6 7:2 (b) 5 : 2
1 1 (c) 5 : 2 : 3
(c) 4:3
3 4 15. 13 : 10 : 18
16. 500 mL
2. x y x:y
17. boy: 435, girl: 609
(a) 250 mL 1L 1:4 18. 392
(b) 0.8 kg 30 g 80 : 3 19. 112
1 20. 81 cm
(c) km 500 m 1:2 21. (a) 1 : 100
4
(b) 1 : 101
3. x y z x:y:z 22. (a) 1 : 1
(a) 5 45 30 1:9:6 (b) 2 : 1
23. (a) 3 : 2
(b) 40 12 28 10 : 3 : 7
(b) 1 : 3
(c) 14 cm 56 mm 35 mm 20 : 8 : 5 24. (a) 3 : 4
4. (a) 9 (b) 2 : 1
(b) 10 25. (a) 6 : 1
5. (a) 2 (b) 4 : 3
(b) 9 26. (a) 8 : 4 : 1
6. (a) 1 : 7 (b) 1 : 2 : 10
(b) 4 : 3 27. (a) a = 15, c = 30
7. (a) 5 : 3 (b) a = 12, c = 24
(b) 9 : 8 28. 5 : 4
8. (a) 1 : 2 : 5 29. 40
(b) 1 : 9 : 3 30. 1 050 cm2
(c) 8 : 6 : 1 31. (a) 63
(d) 9 : 7 : 6 (b) no
9. (a) 5, 30 32. (a) 9 : 6 : 2
(b) $12, $8 (b) 136
(c) 80 g, 100 g 33. 48
10. (a) 2, 4, 4 1
34. (a) xh cm2
(b) 8 cm, 40 cm, 32 cm 2
(c) 60 mL, 90 mL, 120 mL (b) 2 : 5 : 7
11. 10 : 9

23
Book 2B Lesson Worksheet 7C (Refer to §7.3)

7.3A Similar Figures

In two similar figures, the ratios of the lengths of all the corresponding sides
are equal, i.e. they are proportional.

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

The diagram below shows two similar The diagram below shows two similar
rectangles. Find the unknown x. parallelograms. Find the unknown y.
x 4 2 4 y ( ) 8
Sol = Sol =
3 2 3
( ) ( )
4 5
x= ×3 x y=
2
=6
4
y

In each of the following, the two given figures are similar. Find the unknowns. [Nos. 1–4]
1. 2. !
21
x
a
5 10 9
6
15
! !
! !
! !
! !

3. 16 4. x
12 4

27 y 20 16

! 25
y

! !
! !
! !
! !
! Ex 7C 1–4!

26
7.3B Scale Drawings

(a) A scale drawing is a reduced or an enlarged drawing of a real object, where

the scale = length in the scale drawing : actual length.
(b) The scale is usually expressed in the form 1 : n:
(i) n > 1 stands for a reduction,
(ii) n < 1 stands for an enlargement.
e.g. Refer to the scale drawing of a tree in the figure.
Suppose the actual height of the tree is 3 m.
Scale = 2 cm : 3 m 2 cm
2 cm
=
3m
2 cm
=
3 × 100 cm
1 i.e. A length of 1 cm in
=
150 the drawing represents
150 cm (or 1.5 m) on
= 1 : 150 the real tree.

5. In each of the following, find the scale of the drawing in the form 1 : n.
(a) Length in a scale drawing = 25 cm, (b) Length in a scale drawing = 10 cm,
actual length = 800 m actual length = 1 mm

Scale = ( ):( )

Ex 7C 5, 6!

6. The distance between two airports on a map is 4 cm. If the actual distance between them
is 200 km, find the scale of the map in the form 1 : n. 1 km = 1 × 1 000 m
= 1 × 1 000 × 100 cm

Ex 7C 10

27
Example 2 Instant Drill 2
The figure is a scale drawing The length of the ferry in the 4.2 cm
of a sofa. If the length of the photograph is 4.2 cm. Find
sofa in the drawing is 3 cm, 3 cm
the actual length of the ferry
Scale 1 : 800
find its actual length in m. Scale 1 : 90 in m.
Sol Let x cm be the actual length of the sofa. Sol Let x cm be the actual length of the ferry.
3 cm : x cm = 1 : 90 ( ):( ) = 1 : 800
3 1
" = " =
x 90
x = 3 × 90
= 270
" The required actual length is 270 cm,
i.e. 2.7 m.

7. 8. Tracy makes a scale drawing of a building

with a scale of 1 cm : 150 m. If the actual
9 cm
height of the building is 420 m, find its
Scale 1 : 0.018
height in the drawing.
The length of a computer chip in the scale !
drawing as shown is 9 cm. Find the actual
length of the computer chip in mm. !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

Ex 7C 7–9!

28
9. The figure shows the floor plan of a meeting room. If the
actual length of the room is 18 m, find the length of the
meeting room on the floor plan in cm.

Scale 1 : 250

10. The figure shows a map with a scale of 1 : 6 000.

(a) Use a ruler to measure the distance between two bus stops A
A and B on the map.
(b) Hence, estimate the actual distance (in m) between A and B.

Scale 1 : 6 000

Ex 7C 11, 12

 ‘Explain Your Answer’ Question

11. On a map with scale 1 : 400 000, the length of a cycling track is 4.5 cm.
(a) Find the actual length of the cycling track in km.
(b) Jason cycles at an average speed of 12 km/h along the cycling track. Can he finish the
whole journey in 2 hours? Explain your answer.

29
  Level Up Questions
12. In the diagram, trapeziums ABCD and EFGH are A 20 B
E y F
similar figures. Find the unknowns x and y.

x+5 12

D x C H 8 G

13. The figure shows the floor plan of a rectangular hospital ward.
Its scale is 1 : 140. The dimensions of the floor plan are
4.5 cm × 3.5 cm. Find the actual area of the hospital ward in m2.
Find the actual length
and the actual width first.

30
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 2B

7 Rate and Ratio

Consolidation Exercise 7C 
Level 1
In each of the following, the two given figures are similar. Find the unknowns. [Nos. 1−
−4]
1. 2.

3. 4.

5. The figure shows a photo of a dove. The height of the dove in

the photo is 3.2 cm. If the actual height of the dove is 28.8 cm,
find the scale of the photo in the form 1 : n.

31
6. The figure shows a photo of a butterfly. The wingspan of the
butterfly in the photo is 4.8 cm. If the actual wingspan of the
butterfly is 0.32 cm, find the scale of the photo in the form n : 1.

7. The figure is a scale drawing of a fish. Its scale is 1 : 4. If the

length of the fish in the drawing is 5 cm, find the actual length
(in cm) of the fish.

32
8. The length of a cell in a scale drawing is 36 mm. If the scale of the drawing is 1 200 : 1, find the
actual length (in mm) of the cell.

9. Victor wants to make a scale drawing of a building with a scale of 1 cm : 9 m. If the actual height of
the building is 126 m, what should its height be in the drawing?

10. The distance between cities P and Q on a map is 5 cm. If the actual distance between them is 13 km,
find the scale of the map in the form 1 : n.

11. The distance between two places is 16 km. Find their distance apart (in cm) on a map with scale 1 :
250 000.

12. The scale of a map is 1 : 2 000 000. If the length of a path on the map is 3 cm, find its actual length (in
km).

13. The figure shows the floor plan of a rectangular room with a scale of
1 : 400.
(a) Use a ruler to measure the length and the width of the room on
the plan.
(b) Hence, estimate the actual area of the room.

Level 2
14. In the figure, quadrilateral WXYZ is formed by enlarging
quadrilateral PQRS. Find the perimeter of WXYZ.

15. In the figure, ABCD and FCDE are two similar rectangles. Find
the length of BF.

33
16. Patrick uses a photocopier to reduce Fig. A to
Fig. B. The height of Fig. A is 10 cm while the
height of Fig. B is 6 cm. It is given that the
perimeter of Fig. A is 63 cm.
(a) Find the perimeter of Fig. B.
(b) Patrick further reduces Fig. B so that the
perimeter of the new figure is 18.9 cm. Find the height of that new figure.

17. The figure shows a photo of a temple. It is given that the

height of the temple in the photo is 2.8 cm and the actual
height of the temple is 35 m.
(a) Find the scale of the photo in the form 1 : n.
(b) If the actual height of the entrance is 6 m, what is its
height (in cm) in the photo?

18. The distance between cities A and B on a map is 5 cm. It is given that the actual distance between
them is 300 km.
(a) Find the scale of the map in the form 1 : n.
(b) The distance between another two cities C and D on the same map is 11 cm. Find the actual
distance (in km) between them.

19. On a map, 1 cm represents an actual distance of 500 m.

(a) Find the scale of the map in the form 1 : n.
(b) If the actual length of a tunnel is 2 km, find the length of the tunnel on the map.

20. The figure shows the floor plan of a restaurant with scale
1 : 800. On the plan, VU = UT = RQ = QP = 1 cm and
TS = SR = 2 cm.
(a) Find the actual area (in m2) of the restaurant.
(b) If the cost of tiling each m2 of the floor in the restaurant is $250,
find the total cost of tiling the whole floor.

21. The figure shows a scale drawing of a rectangular board.

(a) Use a ruler to measure the length and the width of the board in the
drawing.
(b) Estimate the actual length and the actual width of the board.
(c) Carol claims that the ratio of the area of the board in the drawing to the
actual area of the board is 1 : 200. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.

34
Consolidation Exercise 7C (Answer)
1. 14 15. 22.5 cm
2. 6 16. (a) 37.8 cm
3. 9 (b) 3 cm
4. a = 12, b = 32 17. (a) 1 : 1250
5. 1:9 (b) 0.48 cm
6. 15 : 1 18. (a) 1 : 6 000 000
7. 20 cm (b) 660 km
8. 0.03 mm 19. (a) 1 : 50 000
9. 14 cm (b) 4 cm
10. 1 : 260 000 20. (a) 704 m2
11. 6.4 cm (b) $176 000
12. 60 km 21. (a) length: 3.6 cm, width: 3 cm
13. (a) length: 4.5 cm, width: 3.5 cm (b) actual length: 7.2 m, actual width: 6 m
(b) 252 m2 (c) no
14. 72 cm

35
 Level 2
16. In the figure, AOD is a straight line. If ∠AOC = 129° and
∠BOD = 141°, prove that BO ⊥ CO.

17. In the figure, AOE, BOF and COG are straight lines,
∠AOB = ∠HOG and ∠BOC = ∠DOE. If GO ⊥ EO,
prove that HOD is a straight line.

18. In the figure, ∠NOM = 60°. Prove that JOL is a straight line.

19. In the figure, ABC and EBF are straight lines. AC // FD and EF //
CD. Prove that ∠ABE = ∠FDC.

20. In the figure, PQR and UVW are straight lines. It is given that
PR // ST // UW and QS // TV. Prove that a = b.

21. In the figure, BA // CE. If a = b, prove that BF // CD.

93
22. In the figure, BCDE is a straight line. If a + b + e + f = 180°, prove
that AC // FD.

23. Refer to the figure. If e + f = g, prove that DE // HG.

24. Refer to the figure. Prove that QP // ST.

25. In the figure, KJ // MN. If k + m = 270°, prove that KL ⊥ ML.

26. In the figure, BA // CD. BE and CE are the angle bisectors of

∠ABC and ∠BCD respectively. Prove that BE ⊥ CE.

27. In the figure, QOT, POS and RST are straight lines.
(a) Prove that QP // RT.
(b) If QR // PS and ∠PQR = 148°, is ∠POT a right angle?
Explain your answer.

94
Consolidation Exercise 9 (Answer)
5. (a) 36° 27. (b) no

95