2ND SEM

PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
Qualitative Research
James Paul B. Velasco
 CHARACTERISTICS,
STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES, KINDS, AND
IMPORTANCE
OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Week 2A, Quarter 3, Second Semester
S.Y. 2023-2024
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
At the end of the module, you are expected to:
• 1. describe characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative
research; and
• 2. illustrate the importance of qualitative
research across fields.
 WHAT I KNOW
Read and analyze the following
characteristics of research method
carefully. Classify whether it is for
QUANTITATIVE or QUALITATIVE.
 WHAT I KNOW
__________
QUALITATIVE 1. Carlos conducts a study which
focuses on real-life situations of working
students.
__________
QUANTITATIVE 2. To study the cases of the COVID-
19 survivors in the province of Bataan, Leandro
utilized 200 samples.
__________
QUANTITATIVE 3. Daniel uses statistical formula to
analyze the data gathered from the
participants.
 WHAT I KNOW
__________
QUALITATIVE 4. In order to understand the life of
indigenous people, Claire immerses herself in
their community for certain months.
__________
QUALITATIVE 5. To ensure the reliability of the
result of the study, Marco considered both
interview and observation as his primary research
instruments.
 WHAT’S IN IT
• What is the opposite of numbers?
• What makes a study qualitative?
WHAT’S IN IT
 WHAT’S IN IT
Words for qualitative research:
1. subjective
2. Hypothesis generating
3. holistic
4. explanatory
5. non-quantifiable
 WHAT’S NEW
Rearrange the jumbled letters given on each item to
get the correct words associated with research.
1. (hcacartesircit) : It refers to a distinguishing trait, quality, or
property.
2. (gnhterts) : It means a strong attribute or inherent asset.
3. (knsseeaw) : It is the quality or state of being weak.
4. (ndki) : It pertains to a group united by common traits.
5. (cetanmiorp) : It implies the significant worth of something.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 WHAT IS IT
• Qualitative research can be easily
characterized by carefully observing
how some research elements such
as: research design, data collection
procedure, and data analysis have
been put into considerations
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 To further understand Qualitative
research, as cited from Spalding
University Library (2020) its
characteristics are presented as
follows:

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 1. Qualitative research is naturalistic.
• A study to be conducted by the researcher
should be based on real-life situations.
• the researcher should also unfold the study
in a natural manner, that is, the findings are
derived from the analysis of accurate data
gathered from the participants.
• Such a concept makes qualitative research
known for its non-controlling characteristic.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 2. Qualitative research is purposeful.
• The researcher should select the
participants in a purposive manner.
• It means they will be selected because they
either have easy access to the information
needed or simply have the knowledge to
provide a great deal of information needed
to the study.
• qualitative study focuses on rich insights.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 3. Qualitative research is detailed.
• A thick description of gathered data from
the participants makes this type of study a
detailed one.
• It is important that the researcher should
capture the direct quotations of the
responses of the participant/s from the
conducted interview or observation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 4. Qualitative research requires
engagement and neutrality.
• Direct contact with the people, situation, and
phenomenon under investigation should be
established by the researcher.
• the researcher should also be neutral in the
responses he/she may get while engaging with the
participant/s.
• The researcher should likewise show openness,
sensitivity, and respect.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 5. Qualitative research follows an
inductive procedure.
• specific details and data
• will be gathered from the target participant/s.
• These data then can be used to discover emerging
patterns and themes.
• Following an inductive procedure, the researcher
will start from exploring the phenomenon and will
end to confirming findings of the works.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 6. Qualitative research is viewed in a
holistic perspective.
• it requires the researcher to view the
whole phenomenon under investigation
in a complex system, that is, different
variables can either cause or effect the
phenomenon.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESS OF
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 As cited from University of
Denmark Library (2020)
qualitative research has its
strengths and weaknesses
presented as follows:

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 STRENGTHS
1. Qualitative research complements
quantitative data.
• Interview and observation are the common
instruments used in the conduct of a qualitative
study.
• Such instruments can provide qualitative data that
can be utilized as a support for any quantitative
data appearing in a study, hence, a more reliable
result will be ensured.
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 STRENGTHS
2. Qualitative research provides more
detailed information to explain complex
issues.
• direct experiences can be acquired.
• considering “information rich” participant/s, as
well as utilizing interview and observation as
qualitative research instruments, it enables the
researcher to gather more accurate data needed
in explaining a complex phenomenon.
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 STRENGTHS
3. Qualitative research is cost efficient.
• Small number of participants means less
resources will be needed to accomplish the study.
• interview schedule and observation checklist
as qualitative research tools demand the
researcher to spend less resources unlike
questionnaires as a primary tool utilized in
quantitative research.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 WEAKNESSES
1. Qualitative research cannot generalize
the findings to the study population.
• The use of a small number of participants in
qualitative research may result in limited
responses.
• Thus, findings of the study might not be possibly
generalized to a larger population.
• Replication of the study is often suggested.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 WEAKNESSES
2. Qualitative research is more difficult to
analyze.
• qualitative research presents non-numeric data
which are all based on the subjective responses of
the participants.
• If data are not critically analyzed and carefully
interpreted, results may become biased and even
less credible.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 WEAKNESSES
3. Qualitative research is time consuming.
• It demands the researcher to spend more time in
dealing and engaging with participants.
• Likewise, the analysis and interpretation phase of
the study also requires the researcher to take
more time in observing the emerging patterns
and themes derived from participants’ provided
data.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

ARE THERE ANY
QUESTIONS?
 KINDS OF
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 In conducting a qualitative type of research on
different fields such as business,
education, medicine, etc., there are six (6)
widely used qualitative research kinds
namely: (1) phenomenological; (2)
ethnographic; (3) grounded theory; (4)
case study; (5) historical; and (6) narrative.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
1. Phenomenological.
• Qualitative research that focuses on subjective
lived experiences of the participants in order to
understand phenomenon.
• The researcher is concerned with the feelings of
the participants regarding a particular event or
activity.
• The experiences of the participants can be
uniquely described.
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
1. Phenomenological.
• Interview is the common instrument used for its
data collection with the suggested sample size
ranging from 5 to 25.
Examples:
• A researcher aims to determine the challenges and
coping mechanisms of senior high school working
students in the second district of Bataan.
• A researcher aims to explain the lived experiences of the
COVID-19 survivors in the province of Bataan.
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
2. Ethnographic.
• Concentrates on the study of a group of people in
a particular environment.
• The researcher is required to engage
himself/herself with the participants through
immersion in an extended period of time.
• Behaviors, cultures, challenges, and possible
occurring themes are then characterized.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
2. Ethnographic.
• Observation, along with the use of interview and
survey, is an essential instrument for this type of
study.
Examples:
• A researcher seeks to determine the cultural practices
and healthcare beliefs of the ethnic group living in
Bataan province.
• A researcher seeks to characterize the survival
strategies of families in an urban poor community.
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
3. Grounded Theory.
• It intends to explain a phenomenon through
developing a theory.
• In comparison with phenomenological
study that primarily describes lived
experiences, grounded theory aims to
provide explanation and theory behind
those lived experiences.
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
3. Grounded Theory.
• Interview and supporting documents are the
commonly used data collection instrument for its
participants approximately ranging from 20 to 30
or until data achieve saturation.
Examples:
• A researcher attempts to conceptualize the breast
cancer survivorship process among Bataeños.
• A researcher attempts to generate a theory of defense
mechanisms of students who experience school bullying.
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
4. Case Study.
• It allows the researcher to have an
intensive analysis of the phenomenon.
• The aim of this study is to accurately
describe the case through an in-depth
examination of a single person or single
institution.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
4. Case Study.
• With this, thorough interview, observation, and
documentation are all utilized as multiple data
collection instruments.
Examples:
• A researcher aims to explain the causes of the reading
difficulty of a grade 5 struggling reader.
• A researcher aims to describe the language challenges
of hearing-impaired students in a SPED class.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
5. Historical.
• It is concerned with the identification, evaluation,
and synthesis of past event data.
• Further, it aims to understand present patterns and
to anticipate future choices through clearly relating
the past event data which are obtained from
sources such as documents, relics and artifacts,
and oral reports.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
5. Historical.
Examples:
• A researcher attempts to explore the nature and context
of the political leadership of Bataan governors.
• researcher seeks to explore the development in the
courtship letter writing style among Bataeños.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
6. Narrative.
• Life accounts of individuals based on their
personal experiences
• The primary objective of the study is to extract
meaningful context based on the documented
experiences.
• It focuses merely on the nature of the story told by
the participants.

KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 KINDS OF QUALI~ RESEARCH
6. Narrative.
• Discourse analysis is one of the commonly and
widely employed approaches of narrative
research.
Examples:
• A researcher seeks to characterize the struggles faced
by student-athletes.
• A researcher seeks to describe the daily teaching
experiences of millennial teachers in the Schools
Division of Bataan.
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
IMPORTANCE OF
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 • The development in any fields such as in
education, business, medical and health
allied services, etc. is made possible by
means of qualitative research.
• For example, the researcher may study the
experiences of individuals and their access
to health care by determining their
perspectives.
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 • These solicited responses reflecting their
experiences, attitudes, and circumstances
may help the researcher to understand the
phenomenon, hence, suggestions for
improvement and development can be
sought.

IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

ARE THERE ANY
QUESTIONS?
SO LONG!
 WHAT’S MORE
Identify the terms being asked from the statements
listed below. Write your answers on your paper.
 WHAT’S MORE
Complete the crossword puzzle using your answers