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G5 - Math - CH 6 - HCF & LCM

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25 views

G5 - Math - CH 6 - HCF & LCM

Uploaded by

Ramya Vijay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

SHREE NIKETAN PATASALA, CBSE GROUP OF SCHOOLS

MATHEMATICS
GRADE: V COMMON NOTES
CHAPTER 6 – HCF AND LCM

TOPICS OMITTED: HCF & LCM (DIVISION METHOD)

Definition: The greatest number that is a factor of two or more given numbers is known as their
Highest Common Factor (HCF). It is also known as the Greatest Common Divisor.

Note: If a number is a factor of two given numbers, then it will also be a factor of their sum as well
as their difference.

Example: 8 and 40 are divisible by 8.

Their sum 8 + 40 = 48 is also divisible by 8.

Their difference 40 – 8 = 32 is also divisible by 8.

Exercise 6A

1) Finding the HCF of the following numbers by listing factors method. (Tr note: Make the students
circle the highlighted numbers)

a) 12 and 46

Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Factors of 46: 1, 2, 23, 46

Common factors of 12 and 46: 1, 2

HCF of 12 and 46 is 2.

b) 25, 40 and 45

Factors of 25: 1, 5, 25

Factors of 40: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40

Factors of 45: 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45

Common factors of 25,40 and 45: 1, 5

HCF of 25, 40 and 45 is 5.

2) Finding the HCF of the following numbers by listing factors method and represent them using
Venn diagram.

a) 48 and 32
b) 21 and 30

Factors of 21: 1, 3, 7, 21

Factors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30

Common factors of 21 and 30: 1, 3

HCF of 21 and 30 is 3.

__________________________________________________________________________________

LEAST COMMON MULTIPLES (Listing multiples method)

Definition: The smallest multiple among the common multiples of two or more numbers is known as
the Least Common Multiple (LCM).

3) Find the LCM of the following. (Tr note: Make the students circle the highlighted numbers)

a) 12 and 18

Multiples of 12: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, ……....

Multiples of 18: 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, …………..

The common multiples of 12 and 18 are: 36, 72, ...............

LCM of 12 and 18 is 36.

b) 22 and 33

Multiples of 22: 22, 44, 66, 88, 110, 132, ………..

Multiples of 33: 33, 66, 99, 132, 165, ………..

The common multiples of 22 and 33 are: 66, 132, ……....

LCM of 22 and 33 is 66.

c) 15,30 and 60

Multiples of 15: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, …….…

Multiples of 30: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, …..…

Multiples of 60: 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, 540, 600, ………

Common multiples of 15,30 and 60: 60,120, ……...

LCM of 15,30 and 60 is 60


Prime Factorisation Method

Exercise 6A

3) Find the HCF of the following numbers using prime factorisation method.

a) 28, 42 and 49

2 28 2 42 7 49
________ _________ ________
2 14 3 21 7
________ _________
7 7
28 = 2 x 2 x 7

42 = 2 x 3 x 7

49 = 7 x 7

HCF = 7

b) 32, 48 and 80

2 32 2 48 2 80
________ _________ _________
2 16 2 24 2 40
________ _________ _________
2 8 2 12 2 20
________ __________ __________
2 4 2 6 2 10
_________ __________ ___________
2 3 5

32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2

42 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5

HCF = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16
c) 36, 54 and 90

2 36 2 54 2 90
________ _________ _________
2 18 3 27 3 45
________ _________ _________
3 9 3 9 3 15
________ __________ __________
3 3 5

36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3

54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3

90 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 5

HCF = 2 x 3 x 3 = 18

d) 45, 75 and 105

3 45 3 75 3 105
________ _________ _________
3 15 5 25 5 35
________ _________ _________
5 5 7

45 = 3 x 3 x 5

54 = 3 x 5 x 5

90 = 3 x 5 x 7

HCF = 3 x 5 = 15

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRIME FACTORISATION METHOD
Exercise 6B
1) Find the LCM of the following numbers.

a) 42, 56 and 70
2 42 56 70
__________________
2 21 28 35
__________________
2 21 14 35
_________________
3 21 7 35
__________________
5 7 7 35
___________________
7 7 7 7
____________________
1 1 1

LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 840

b) 22 and 30

c) 63, 27 and 33
3 63 27 33
________________
3 21 9 11
_________________
3 7 3 11
_________________
7 7 1 11
__________________
11 1 1 11
__________________
1 1 1

LCM = 3 x 3 x 3 x 7 x 11 = 2079
d) 75 and 80

5 75 80
_______________
3 15 16
_______________
5 5 16
______________
2 1 16
______________
2 1 8
_____________
2 1 4
_____________
2 1 2
____________
1 1

LCM = 5 x 3 x 5 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 1200

e) 84, 44, 24
2 84 44 24

__________________

2 42 22 12

____________________

2 21 11 6

_____________________

3 21 11 3

_____________________

7 7 11 1

______________________

11 1 11 1

_______________________

1 1 1

LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 7 x 11 = 1848
APPLICATION

1) Raj has represented the factors of 36 and 42 as given below. From the given diagram,

a) write the common factors of 36 and 42

b) write the HCF.

Solution:

a) Common factors = 1, 2, 3, 6
b) HCF is 6.

***********************

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