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Assignment1 Sol

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chlwogml0601
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유체유동 숙제 #1 (due date; 5pm 10/11)

1. Various industrial processes require that a flat sheet be coated with a uniform liquid film. Dip coating is a
procedure in which an immersed substrate is withdrawn through a liquid–gas interface. In the process in the
following figure, in which a substrate is pulled upward at a constant velocity V, the coating achieves a uniform
thickness H at a certain height above the liquid. It is desired to predict H from V and the liquid properties (μ, ρ,
and γ).

(a) Representative values are H = 0.02 to 0.2 cm, V = 0.4 to 3 cm/s, μ = 0.3 to2 Pa · s, ρ = 900 kg/m3, and γ
= 30 mN/m. By examining the ranges of dimensionless groups, show that viscosity, gravity, and surface
tension are all important, but inertia is not.

Show that viscosity, gravity, and surface tension are all important, but that inertia is not.

A sufficient set of groups is

Range of capillary number: Ca = μV/r

Viscosity ranges from being negligible to being comparable to surface tension.

Range of Bond number: Bo = H2ρg/γ


Gravity ranges from being negligible to being comparable to surface tension.

Range of Reynolds number: Re = HVρ/μ

Inertia is always less important than viscosity.

Summary: surface tension ∼ gravity ∼ viscosity >> inertia

(b) A theoretical result that is applicable here is (White and Tallmadge, 1965).

Show that this may be rewritten as a relationship between Bo and Ca.

Rearrange White & Tallmadge result as a relationship between Bo and Ca.

(c) If one group is chosen now as N = (Bo/Ca)1/2 = [H2g/(νV)]1/2 and Ca is the second group, show that

Use this to derive explicit expressions for N for Ca → 0 and Ca → ∞. How does H vary with V in these
limits?

Obtain and find explicit expressions for N = (Bo/Ca)1/2 for Ca → 0 and Ca→∞.
2. Suppose that the hot combustion products from a large furnace pass through horizontal steel pipes arranged
in parallel, each 6.4 cm in diameter and 6.1 m in length. At the inlet temperature of 600 K, μ = 2.6 × 10−5 Pa · s
and ρ = 0.63 kg/m3. The pressure drop is 63 Pa.

If the temperature remains constant, what is the mass flow rate per tube?

Assume that the flow is turbulent, in which case it might be affected by roughness.

Although Re is not known initially, 𝑅𝑒$𝑓 can be calculated, making the Colebrook –White equation a good
choice.

From Fig. 2.6, Re ∼=104, confirming that the flow is turbulent.

Find U from f:

Check Re:
Find w:

3. The following figure shows the layout of a microfluidic device with both series and parallel channels. The first
segment has a length L1 = 1 mm and the relative lengths of the others are as indicated. Suppose that each channel
has a square cross-section with side length 100 µm and that all flow is horizontal. The overall pressure drop for
water is PA – PD = 3000 Pa. You may assume that the channels are long enough that the extra resistances
associated with the bends and junctions are negligible.

(a) Evaluate the flow-rate ratios Q2/Q1, Q3/Q1, Q4/Q1, and Q5/Q1.

From flow in = flow out, Q1 = Q5.


From L2 = L4, Q2 = Q4
From L3 = L2/2, Q3 = 2Q2.

(b) Calculate Q1.

Let rij = resistance between nodes i and j, rk = resistance of channel k

There are 3 parallel channels between B and C. With ri ∝ Li,


With L2 = 4L1, r2 = 4r1 and

With L5 = L1, r5 = r1. Adding the series resistances,

Friction factor for laminar flow:

For square channels, c = 14.23,DH = a = side length (Table 2.1 with a = b), and Re4 = UDH /ν = Ua/ν. Thus

Apply to segment 1:

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