MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(A UGC Autonomous Institution, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi &

Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad).
Maisammaguda (H), Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Secunderabad– 500100, Telangana State

Guidelines for Preparing and

Submitting

Mini Project Report

Prepared by,

Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC)

of
MREC, Secunderabad
 MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Guidelines for Preparing and Submitting Mini Project Report

1. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS OF PROJECT REPORT

The sequence in which the report / thesis material should be arranged and bound
should be as follows

a) Cover Page & Title page

b) Bonafide Certificate
c) Acknowledgement
d) Abstract
e) Table of Contents
f) List of Tables
g) List of Figures
h) List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature (Optional)
i) CHAPTERS
j) Appendices
k) References

2. PAGE DIMENSION / BINDING AND SIZE OF THE REPORT

The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The cover should be
printed in black letters and the text for printing should be identical.

The final copy of the mini project report should be bound using flexible cover of
the thick white art paper and preferably printed on one side.
The total number of pages of the thesis should not be less than 35 pages of typed
matter reckoned from the first page of Chapter 1 to the last page of the Appendix

3. FORMATTING

Font Times New Roman (TNR), The preferred font size

of the text in the report is 12 point
Margin A margin of 3.25 cm is to be given on the binding
edge (left) while on the other side (right, top and
bottom) it is to be 2.5 cm.
Justification and Font
Centre & Font: TNR 14, All CAPS, BOLD
Size for Chapter titles
Justification and Font
Left & Font: TNR 13, BOLD
Size for sub headings
Justification for text Square
4. LINE SPACING

The line spacing in the main text should be one and a half (1.5). Single line spacing
should be given for quotations, figure captions, table titles, figure legends, footnotes,
and references.

Equations, tables, figures, and quotations should be set off from the main text with
adequate space (not less than the normal line spacing adopted for the main text).

Two consecutive paragraphs should either be separated by spacing larger than the
line spacing adopted for the text or the paragraph is started with an initial tab space.

5. PROJECT TITLE
The title should be short (word limit - 10-15 words, in no case exceeding 20 words)
and typed in block letters (ALL CAPS). If title is longer than four inches, then title
should be arranged in an inverted pyramid with double line spacing.

Project title should not contain symbols (including Greek symbols such as π, α, etc.),
initials, formulas (including chemical formulas), subscripts, superscripts, numerical
characters, acronyms or even abbreviations in brackets.

6. PAPER QUALITY

The copy of the thesis to be submitted to the central library should be durable. To
ensure durability, paper should be acid neutral or acid-free. Thesis-quality paper
(Acid free Bond Paper) is available in the market and typically weighs greater than
85 GSM (gram per square meter).

7. NON-PAPER MATERIAL

Digital or magnetic materials, such as CDs and DVDs, should be included in the
thesis as a supporting material. They have to be given in closed packet in the back
cover page of the thesis. Proper label should be given to non-paper material that
should include name of student, date of submission and packeted at the back cover
page.

8. MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

The general text of thesis shall be typed in font style Times New Roman
( T N R ) and font size 12. Same quality of paper should be used for the preparation
of the entire report / thesis.
The headings of all items 2 to 10 listed in section 1 should be typed in capital
letters without punctuation and centered 50mm below the top of the page. The
text should commence 4 spaces below this heading.
8.1 Cover Page & Title Page - A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title
page for report/thesis are given in Annexure I.
8.2 Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in 1.5 line spacing
as per the format shown in Annexure II . The certificate shall carry the
supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by the supervisor’s name,
academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative nature),
department and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided
the student. If Joint Supervisor is involved, a third column may be added
after the Supervisor with the details as similar to that of Supervisor.
8.3 Acknowledgement – The acknowledgement shall be brief and should not
exceed one page, typed in double l i n e spacing. The student’s signature shall
be made at the right bottom above his / her name typed in capitals.
8.4 Abstract - Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding 300
words outlining the research problem, the methodology used for tackling it and
a summary of the findings, typed in 1.5 line spacing. A list of keywords should
follow the abstract.
8.5 Table of contents - The table of contents should list all material following it
as well as any material which precedes it. The title page, Bonafide Certificate
and Acknowledgment will not find a place among the items listed in the Table
of Contents. But, the page numbers in lower case Roman letters are to be
accounted for them. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing
the matter under this head. A specimen copy of the Table of Contents for
report / thesis is given in Annexure IV.
8.6 List of Table - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear
above the tables in the text and the caption shall follow‚ sentence case. One
and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.
8.7 List of Figures - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear
below the figures in the text and the caption shall follow‚ sentence case. One
and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.
8.8 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature - One and a half spacing
should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols,
abbreviations etc. should be used.

8.9 Chapters
The chapters may be broadly divided into 5 parts as below:

i. Introduction (scope of the work and its importance)

ii. Design / Implementation
iii. Testing / Result and Analysis
iv. Conclusion & Future Enhancement
v. References- in standard IEEE format
The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be
further divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.
• Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.
• Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of
the reference where they are cited.
A chapter can be subdivided into sections, subsections and sub subsection so as
to present the content discretely and with due emphasis.
General Instruction
a) Check for grammatical and spelling mistakes
b) Use high quality-colored figures, don’t use snapshots or scanned images.

9. THE APPENDIX OR APPENDICES

Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is included

in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.
• Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1,
Appendix 2, etc.
• Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be
numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.
• Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall
be made in the contents page also.

10. REFERENCES
Reference to a journal publication:

[1] J. F. Fuller and K. J. Roesler, "Influence of harmonics on power distribution system

protection," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No 2, Apr. 1988, pp. 549-557.

Reference to a conference publication:

[5] J. F. Fuller and K. J. Roesler, "Influence of harmonics on power distribution system

protection," IEEE-PES Conference on Power Quality, held at IIT Bombay, 20-23
Dec. 2003, pp. 549-557.

Reference to a book:

[21] E. Clarke, Circuit Analysis of AC Power Systems, Vol. I. 2nd ed , New York:
Wiley Publications, 1950, p. 81.

Reference to web sites

[22] www. doe.hov.org/fundamental Series Item Power Quality and Harmonics.htm (as
on 23- 3-07)
11. CITATION
Cite minimum of 30 references from different reference materials including
current year (SCI, Scopus). Also check for citation of all figures, tables and
equations.
References in Text

It is not necessary to mention an author's name, pages used, or date of publication

in the in-text citation. Instead, refer to the source with a number in a square bracket,
e.g. [1], that will then correspond to the full citation in your reference list.

• Place bracketed citations within the line of text, before any punctuation, with a
space before the first bracket.
• Number your sources as you cite them in the report. Once you have referred to
a source and given it a number, continue to use that number as you cite that
source throughout the report.
• When citing multiple sources at once, the preferred method is to list each
number separately, in its own brackets, using a comma or dash between
numbers, as such: [1], [3], [5] or [1] - [5].

Examples of in-text citations:

➢ "This theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]."
➢ "Scholtz [2] has argued that..."
➢ "Several recent studies [3], [4], [15], [16] have suggested that...."
➢ "For example, see [7]."
12. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS
a) GENERAL
This section includes additional information for final typing of the thesis.
Some information given earlier under 'Manuscript preparation' shall also be
referred. The impressions on the typed/duplicated/printed copies should be
black in colour. A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least
two full lines below it or else it should be carried over to the next page. The
last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen. One and a half
spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text shall
be typed in Font Style Times New Roman (TNR) and Font Size 12.
Double spacing should be used for typing the Bonafide Certificate
and Acknowledgement.

b) CHAPTERS
The format for typing chapter headings, division headings and sub division
headings shall be same as given in Table of Contents.
The word CHAPTER without punctuation should be centred 1.5 inches
down from the top of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter
should be typed centrally in capital letters. The text should commence 2
spaces below this title, the first letter of the text starting 20mm, inside from
 the left-hand margin. The division and sub-division captions along with their
numberings should be left-justified. The captions should start at 20 mm
from left margin. The typed material directly below division or sub-
division heading should commence 2 spaces below it

c) NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS
i) Page Numbering

The prefacing parts are numbered in roman numerals (i, ii, etc). The
first page of the chapter-1 onwards will be numbered in Arabic numerals
1 2 3 etc. centered at the bottom of the page

ii) Numbering of Chapters, Divisions and Sub-Divisions

The numbering of chapters, divisions and sub-divisions should
be done using Arabic numerals only and further decimal notation should
be used for numbering the divisions and sub-divisions within a chapter.
For example division / sub-division 5 under division 4 belonging to
chapter 3 should be numbered as 3.4.5. The title for the division/sub-
division shall start at 20mm from the left margin, following the number
assigned to it.
Every chapter beginning with the first chapter should be serially
numbered using Arabic numerals. Appendices included should also be
numbered in an identical manner starting with Appendix 1.

iii) Numbering of Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures appearing anywhere in the thesis should bear
appropriate numbers. The rule for assigning such numbers is illustrated
through an example. Thus, if a figure in Chapter 3, happens to be the
fourth then assign 3.4 to that figure. Identical rules apply for tables except
that the word Figure is replaced by the word Table. If figures (or tables)
appear in appendices then figure 3 in Appendix 2 will be designated as
Figure A 2.3. If a table to be continued into the next page this may be
done, but no line should be drawn underneath an unfinished table. A table
continued into the next page should have a caption like, Table 2.1
(continued), placed centrally and underlined.

iv) Numbering of Equations

Equations appearing in each Chapter or Appendix should be
numbered serially, the numbering shal l commence freshly for each
Chapter or Appendix. Thus, for example, an equation appearing in
Chapter 3, if it happens to be the eighth equation in that Chapter should
be numbered (3.8), while referring to this equation in the body of the
thesis it should be referred to as Equation (3.8). Use of equation editor tool
 for typing equations is highly recommended.

𝜌
∆ .𝐸 = = 4𝜋𝑘𝜌 (3.8)
𝜀0
13. NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED FOR EVALUATION

(N+2), Where, N – No. of Students in a batch

To the supervisor - 1 Copy
B.Tech.
Project Report To Department library - 1 Copy and
One copy to student - N Copies

Instructions:

From the following section on, whenever you see the "RED FONT’’, either remove it
after reading the instructions or replace it with the necessary data with "BLACK
FONT." Follow whichever advice applies to you.

Format for Table :

Table 1.1 Title of the table (Times New Roman 11)

Sl.No. Speed in RPM Power Output (kW)

1 1450 10

2 1500 12

Format for Figure :

Figure 1.1 Title of the Figure (Times New Roman 11)

APPENDIX I : (A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page )

A MINI PROJECT REPORT <Font Size 14>

On
TITLE OF THE REPORT

<Font: Times New Roman> <Bold, Centered> <Font Size 16> <1.5 line spacing>

Submitted by,
<Font Size 14> <Italic>
NAME 1 <Font Size 14> ROLL NUMBER
NAME 2 <Font Size 14> ROLL NUMBER
NAME 3 <Font Size 14> ROLL NUMBER
NAME 3 <Font Size 14> ROLL NUMBER
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of

<Font Size 12> <Font: TNR-Italic-Centered > <1.5 line spacing>

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
BRANCH OF STUDY
<Font Size 14> <Font: TNR-Bold-Centered > <1.5 line spacing>

Under the Guidance of (12-TNR-Centered)

Dr. X. YYYY ZZZZ (14-TNR-BoldCentered)
Designation, Department (12-TNR-Centered)

DEPARTMENT NAME (14 –TNR - Centered)

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (14 –TNR - Centered)
(An UGC Autonomous Institution, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUH,
Hyderabad) Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 500100

MONTH – YEAR
 APPENDIX – II : (A typical Specimen of Bonafide Certificate)

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE <TNR – 16, Bold>

Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 500100

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE <TNR – 16, Bold>

<Body Font Style Times New Roman – size -14>

This is to certify that this mini project work entitled “THE TITLE OF
THE MINI PROJECT”, submitted by NAME 1 (Roll No.), NAME 2
(Roll No.), NAME 3 (Roll No.), NAME 4 (Roll No.) to Malla Reddy
Engineering College affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad in partial fulfillment
for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Name of the Programme is
a bonafide record of project work carried out under my/our supervision
during the academic year 20XX – 20XX and that this work has not been
submitted elsewhere for a degree.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
<< Name> > << Name> >
SUPERVISOR HOD
<<Academic Designation>> <<Department Name>>
<<Department Name>> Malla Reddy Engineering College
Malla Reddy Engineering College Secunderabad, 500 100
Secunderabad, 500 100

Submitted for Mini Project viva-voce examination held on _________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

i
APPENDIX – III : (A typical Specimen of Bonafide Certificate)

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE <TNR - 16>

Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 500100

DECLARATION <TNR – 14, Bold>

<Body Font Style Times New Roman – size -14>

I hereby declare that the project titled THE TITLE OF THE PROJECT,'
submitted to Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous) and
affiliated with JNTUH, Hyderabad, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of a Bachelor of Technology in Name of the
Programme, represents my ideas in my own words. Wherever others' ideas
or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the
original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honesty and integrity, and I have not misrepresented, fabricated,
or falsified any idea, data, fact, or source in my submission. I understand
that any violation of the above will be a cause for disciplinary action by the
Institute. It is further declared that the project report or any part thereof has
not been previously submitted to any University or Institute for the award
of degree or diploma.

Signature(s)
<<Student Name 1>> <<Roll Number>> ____________________
<<Student Name 2>> <<Roll Number>> ____________________
<<Student Name 3>> <<Roll Number>> ____________________
<<Student Name 4>> <<Roll Number>> ____________________

Secunderabad - 500 100

Date:

ii
Scanned copy Certificate From Industry
( For Industry Project Only)

iii
 MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (16-TNR-Bold)
Maisammaguda, Secunderabad, Telangana, India 500100 (12-TNR)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (14-TNR-Bold)
<Content Font Style Times New Roman –Size - 12>, < 2 line spacing>

Acknowledgement should be prepared by their wordings showing their gratitude

towards Principal, HOD, guide(s), department, friends, family, etc.,

Provide correct name & designation

<<Student Name 1>> <<Roll Number>>

<<Student Name 2>> <<Roll Number>>
<<Student Name 3>> <<Roll Number>>

iv
 ABSTRACT (14-TNR-Bold)
<Content Font Style Times New Roman –Size - 12> <1.5 line spacing>

Abstract of the report to be given here. Please restrict to a maximum of 300 words.
NOTE: The abstract should not have any citations, or abbreviations, nor should it be
divided into sections. It can be divided into adequate number of paragraphs as the author
wishes. It is advisable to avoid any equations in the Abstract. Figures and tables are to
be avoided.

The text should be Times New Roman font size 12, 1.5 line spacing.

Keywords:

v
ANNEXURE- IV (A typical Specimen of Table of Contents),

<Font Style: Times New Roman, Font Size 12>

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF FIGURES xvi
LIST OF TABLES xvii
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xviii

Chapter Description Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION x-xx
1.1. Introduction 2
1.2. Literature Survey 3

1.2.1 Second level section heading 3

1.2.2 Second level section heading 3

1.3 Problem Statement 4

1.4. Objective of the project 4

1.4.1 Second level section heading 4

1.4.2 Second level section heading 4

1.4.2.1 Third level section heading 5

1.5. Organization of the Report 5

1.6. Author Contribution 10

2 TITLE OF CHAPTER 2 (Present Work) xx-yy

2.1. Introduction xx
2.2. Section heading xx

vi
 2.3. Section heading xx
2.n. Summary for CHAPTER 2
3 TITLE OF CHAPTER 3 (Present Work) xx-yy
3.1. Introduction xx
3.2. Section heading name xx
3.3. Section heading name xx
3.3.1 Second level section heading xx
3.3.1 Third level section heading xx
3.5. Section heading name xx
3.n. Summary for CHAPTER 3 xx
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION xx-yy
5.1. Introduction xx

5.2. Results xx

5.3. Discussion with citations and comparisons xx

6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE xx-xx
6.1. Conclusion xx
6.2. Future scope xx

REFERENCES xx
APPENDICE xx

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Schematic diagram showing the proposed 5
mechanism

1.2 Circuit diagram of UJT triggering circuit 7

2.1 Next figure 16

3.2 Next figure 30

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

2.1 Performance comparison of six pulse and 23
twelve pulse converter
4.1 Comparison of % THD and power factor (PF) 35
for four control algorithms
4.2 PLL Model 37

ix
 LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AFC - Active Filter Current

AFPS - Active Filter Power Stability

APF - Active Filter Current

∆𝐼𝐿ℎ - Additional Load current harmonic

component

∆𝜔 - Angular frequency change

CRC - Cascaded Resonant Controller

CVRC - Cascaded Vector Resonant Controller

x
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Power electronic devices are now being the pool of concentration in the
present decades. The evolution of power electronics is gradually striking the hit for the
past few years. The estimation given by the researchers signifies the growth in the power
electronics field is higher in the forthcoming years. Power generation commences from
source to destination with the transmission of power with the intermediate state of the
systems and equipment of power electronics. Power electronics applications show an
expanding growth rate in utility, grid integration, transmission environments and
industrial power generation with the technological advancements, cost reduction and
system/component size. To deliver and to process Gigawatt power levels, multistage
inverters and converter topologies are developed numerously.

1.1.1 Distortion Factor

The distortion factor Fd is definite as the ratio among the primary and
the signal in RMS values. It is specified by the equation (1.2)

𝐼𝐿1
𝐹𝑑 = (1.2)
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠

It is then equivalent to unity when the current is merely sinusoidal

and reduces when the deformation emerges.